• DAY2SVR: Nws Storm Prediction Center Norman Ok

    From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 4 06:51:24 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 040651
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 040649

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1249 AM CST Wed Feb 04 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not forecast on Thursday or Thursday night.

    ...Discussion...
    A midlevel trough will move from the eastern U.S. into the western
    Atlantic, while a related cold front and low-topped convection move
    across the central/southern FL Peninsula. A lack of buoyancy will
    preclude deep convection capable of producing lightning.

    ..Weinman.. 02/04/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 4 16:37:58 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 041637
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 041636

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1036 AM CST Wed Feb 04 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not forecast on Thursday or Thursday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Conditions will be too dry/stable for lightning-producing convection
    across the CONUS through the period.

    ..Grams.. 02/04/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 5 06:59:05 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 050659
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 050657

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1257 AM CST Thu Feb 05 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Friday or Friday night.

    ...Southern/Central CA...
    Within the base of a broad large-scale trough over the West Coast,
    an embedded midlevel low will move east-southeastward along the
    southern CA coast through the period. Broad large-scale ascent and
    steepening deep-layer lapse rates accompanying this feature may
    yield sufficient (albeit weak) buoyancy for a couple thunderstorms
    across the region -- with the best potential over the higher terrain
    late in the day.

    ..Weinman.. 02/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 5 16:54:08 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 051654
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 051652

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1052 AM CST Thu Feb 05 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Friday or Friday night.

    ...Southern CA...
    Within the base of a large-scale trough near coastal CA, an embedded
    mid-level low should modestly amplify to the west of northern Baja
    CA by early Saturday. Cool mid-level temperatures (around -22 C at
    500 mb) in conjunction with marginal boundary-layer moisture should
    yield scant buoyancy at peak heating Friday over parts of coastal
    southern CA. Weak orographic ascent across the Transverse Ranges
    vicinity might support a couple thunderstorms during the late
    afternoon to early evening. Overall thunder probabilities appear to
    be around 10 percent.

    ..Grams.. 02/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 6 05:31:44 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 060531
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 060530

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1130 PM CST Thu Feb 05 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not forecast on Saturday or Saturday night.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper ridge will envelop much of the western two-thirds of the
    CONUS on Saturday, though an embedded southern stream shortwave
    trough will develop east across portions of northwest Mexico and the
    Southwest. Meanwhile, an upper ridge will move offshore the Atlantic
    coast through early Sunday. At the surface, Gulf moisture will
    remain cut-off as high pressure persists over the eastern half of
    the CONUS. After 00z, weak surface lee troughing across the High
    Plains will allow for modest south/southeasterly return flow to
    spread across the western Gulf and the southern Plains. Some minor
    increase in boundary-layer moisture will occur over south TX,
    however this moisture is expected to remain shallow and
    thunderstorms are not expected given weak forcing and warm midlevel temperatures.

    ..Leitman.. 02/06/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 6 17:06:16 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 061706
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 061704

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1104 AM CST Fri Feb 06 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible from far southeast Arizona into
    southwest New Mexico on Saturday morning/early afternoon.

    ...Discussion...
    An amplifying mid-level trough across the eastern CONUS will bring
    reinforcing dry/polar air and surface high pressure to most of the
    eastern CONUS. Most of the western 2/3rds of the CONUS will
    experience mid-level ridging which will keep weather conditions
    benign. The only exceptions will be the Pacific Northwest and a weak
    trough across northern New Mexico. Ahead of this trough, across far
    southeast Arizona and southwest New Mexico, some weak instability
    may develop beneath some mid-upper-level diffluence. Storm coverage
    will likely remain isolated, but forecast soundings support some
    potential for lightning from late morning through early afternoon
    across this region.

    ..Bentley.. 02/06/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 7 05:33:48 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 070533
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 070532

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1132 PM CST Fri Feb 06 2026

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Sunday.

    ...AZ...

    Forecast guidance has trended further south with a closed upper low
    and attendant shortwave trough moving over northwest Mexico on
    Sunday. As a result, forecast thermodynamic profiles show a somewhat
    drier profile, especially in the midlevels. While cooling aloft will
    support steepening midlevel lapse rates and development of minor
    elevated instability, thunderstorm potential appears to be somewhat
    lower compared to this time yesterday. Will maintain the 10 percent
    general thunderstorm area across southeast AZ for now, but this may
    be removed in subsequent outlooks if current trends are maintained.

    Elsewhere, dry and stable conditions will preclude thunderstorm
    activity.

    ..Leitman.. 02/07/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 7 17:30:50 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 071730
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 071729

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1129 AM CST Sat Feb 07 2026

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Sunday.

    ...Discussion...
    Mid-level ridging will deamplify across the western CONUS on Sunday
    as a mid-level trough moves across the Pacific Northwest. In the
    wake of the surface cold front/surface low, cooling temperatures
    aloft will lead to weak convective destabilization. A few lightning
    flashes are possible late Sunday evening into early Sunday morning
    across western Oregon and southwest Washington.

    Beneath this ridge, an upper-low will move east across northern
    Mexico. Some of the cold air aloft on the northern periphery of this
    surface low may overspread southeast Arizona and southwest New
    Mexico with some weak instability developing. Scattered to
    widespread storms are likely across much of northern Mexico. A few
    of these storms may spread into southern Arizona and southwest New
    Mexico.

    East of the Rockies, a dry airmass and high pressure will keep
    conditions stable and limit thunderstorm activity.

    ..Bentley.. 02/07/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Feb 8 05:38:24 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 080538
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 080536

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1136 PM CST Sat Feb 07 2026

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper shortwave trough will shift east across portions of
    northern Mexico on Monday. Forecast guidance has slowed in the
    eastward progression of this system compared to yesterday. Warm
    midlevel temperatures and generally poor vertical moisture profiles
    will result in scant elevated instability toward southern AZ/NM and
    TX Rio Grande vicinity. Any thunderstorm activity associated with
    the upper low is likely to remain south of the U.S. border.

    Elsewhere, modified Gulf moisture will spread northward across
    portions of south-central U.S. beneath an upper ridge. This boundary
    layer moisture will remain shallow, and dewpoints generally below 60
    F. Poor thermodynamic profiles and otherwise stable conditions will
    preclude thunderstorm potential.

    ..Leitman.. 02/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Feb 8 17:29:57 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 081729
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 081728

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1128 AM CST Sun Feb 08 2026

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Monday.

    ...Discussion...
    Cool air aloft will remain across the Pacific Northwest, but
    shortwave ridging aloft should limit overall thunderstorm potential.
    An upper-level low across northern Mexico will drift slowly east
    beneath a developing zonal pattern across the CONUS. Temperatures
    aloft will start to warm across southern Arizona and New Mexico.
    Therefore, expect the majority of the thunderstorm activity with
    this upper low to remain south of the border, across northern
    Mexico.

    Gulf moisture will start to expand northward across Texas on Monday
    as southerly flow returns across the southern Plains. Moisture will
    remain shallow and keep instability limited.

    Therefore, no thunderstorm activity is expected across the CONUS on
    Monday.

    ..Bentley.. 02/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Feb 9 05:29:30 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 090529
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 090527

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1127 PM CST Sun Feb 08 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper shortwave trough will move across northern Mexico into TX
    Tuesday into early Wednesday. Downstream upper ridging and southerly
    low-level flow across the western Gulf will support
    warming/moistening of the boundary layer. As the upper shortwave
    trough overspreads TX, weak cooling aloft will result in minor
    destabilization (less than 400 J/kg MLCAPE), while increasing
    large-scale ascent provides support for isolated weak thunderstorms.

    Another upper trough will approach the CA coast Tuesday afternoon
    into early Wednesday. Cooling aloft along with low to midlevel
    moistening will support weak destabilization. Showers and isolated thunderstorms are possible across portions of central CA,
    particularly during the afternoon into Tuesday night as the trough
    spreads inland.

    ..Leitman.. 02/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Feb 9 17:20:34 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 091720
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 091718

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1118 AM CST Mon Feb 09 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    The mid-level pattern will amplify on Tuesday with a trough
    developing over the Great Lakes and a building ridge across the
    western CONUS. A mid-level shortwave trough beneath this ridge will
    move from northern Mexico into West Texas. Another mid-level
    shortwave trough will deepen as it approaches the California coast.
    Surface high pressure will build across the central CONUS on Tuesday
    with a surface low moving from the Great Lakes to New England and
    another surface low off the California coast.

    As a mid-level trough overspreads West Texas on Tuesday, mid-level
    temperatures will cool. This will result in mostly weak instability
    and scattered thunderstorm potential. No severe weather is expected
    with this activity.

    Isolated to potentially scattered thunderstorms are expected across
    central California Tuesday evening to early Wednesday as weak
    instability develops with cooling temperatures aloft with the
    approaching mid-level shortwave trough.

    Weak elevated instability may support some convection across the
    Tennessee region Tuesday evening and into the overnight hours amid
    weak isentropic ascent and a southward moving frontal zone. Forecast
    soundings show a relatively shallow unstable layer which may not be
    sufficient for any charge separation. Even if lightning occurs, it
    should be very isolated/sparse given the forecast thermodynamic
    profiles.

    ..Bentley.. 02/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Feb 10 05:50:38 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 100550
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 100549

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1149 PM CST Mon Feb 09 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No severe thunderstorms are expected on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...

    Upper ridging will build across much of the central CONUS on
    Wednesday, limiting thunderstorm potential. Further west, an upper
    trough/low will develop east/southeast across CA into the Great
    Basin vicinity. Isolated to widely scattered showers and
    thunderstorms are possible beneath upper low, particularly across
    portions of central CA. Thunderstorm potential should decrease
    during the nighttime hours with eastward extent as thermodynamic
    profiles become less favorable.

    ..Leitman.. 02/10/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Feb 10 17:00:40 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 101700
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 101659

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1059 AM CST Tue Feb 10 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No severe thunderstorms are expected on Wednesday.

    ...Discussion...
    An upper-level low will move from the eastern Pacific to the Great
    Basin on Wednesday. As temperatures cool aloft, sufficient
    instability will develop from central California to the Great Basin
    with scattered thunderstorm activity likely. The weak instability
    and shear will preclude any severe weather potential.

    East of the Rockies, high pressure and cool/dry air will limit
    overall thunderstorm potential.

    ..Bentley.. 02/10/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 11 05:45:42 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 110545
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 110543

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1143 PM CST Tue Feb 10 2026

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...

    Overall thunderstorms potential appears low on Thursday, largely
    driven by upper level ridging over the central CONUS and a
    dry/stable airmass east of the Rockies. An upper trough is forecast
    to develop east across portions of the Great Basin into southern CA.
    Cooling aloft may support a brief period of weak instability and a
    lightning flash or two cannot be ruled out across the UT vicinity.
    However, chances for 10 percent or greater coverage appear low given
    midlevel drying after about 15z.

    ..Leitman.. 02/11/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 11 17:17:46 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 111717
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 111716

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1116 AM CST Wed Feb 11 2026

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A deep, positively tilted upper trough is expected to extend from
    the northern Intermountain West southwestward off the central CA
    Coast and into the eastern Pacific early Thursday. This trough is
    forecast to progress slowly southeastward throughout the day, while
    trending towards a more neutral tilt as a strong shortwave trough
    rounds its base. Another embedded shortwave trough is expected to
    move southward along the central CA coast before pivoting more
    southeastward towards southern CA late Thursday/early Friday.
    Overall evolution of this system will likely result in troughing
    from the western Great Basin into the west-central Pacific by 12Z
    Friday.

    Cooling mid-level temperatures are expected from the Great Basin
    into the central Rockies downstream of this deepening trough.
    Additionally, persistent southwesterly flow aloft will contribute to
    some low-level moistening beneath these cooling mid-level
    temperatures. Combination of these factors will result in modest
    buoyancy and deep/persistent enough updrafts for isolated lightning
    flashes. Highest coverage is expected across north-central UT.

    Surface ridging is expected across much of the central and eastern
    CONUS early Thursday, although a weak surface low will likely be
    over southeast CO. This low may deepen slightly throughout the day
    while also dropping gradually southward in northeast NM and the
    northwest TX Panhandle. Some modest moisture return is anticipated east/southeast of this low across central/east TX and the Lower MS
    Valley, with low 60s dewpoints forecast along the TX Gulf Coast by
    Friday morning. However, warm temperatures aloft will preclude deep
    convection within this modifying airmass.

    ..Mosier.. 02/11/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 12 06:13:21 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 120613
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 120612

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1212 AM CST Thu Feb 12 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF WESTERN TEXAS INTO FAR SOUTHWEST OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms could produce small to
    marginally severe hail Friday evening into the overnight hours
    across portions of western Texas into far southwest Oklahoma.

    ...Texas and Oklahoma...

    A positive-tilt upper trough oriented from NV to just offshore from
    southern CA/northwest Mexico Friday morning, will shift east through
    the period, emerging over the central High Plains to southern
    Rockies by Saturday morning. As this occurs, increasing
    southwesterly mid/upper flow will overspread TX and OK. Lee low
    development over the southern High Plains will foster increasing south/southeasterly low-level flow across OK/TX, and modest boundary
    layer moisture will spread northwest across much of TX into OK.
    Mainly 50s to near 60 F dewpoints are expected across
    western/central TX into central OK. As cooling aloft ensues amid
    moistening vertical thermodynamic profiles, modest destabilization
    is expected across western TX and perhaps into southwest OK. MLCAPE
    values are generally forecast in the 500-1000 J/kg range, with
    weaker elevated instability expected with northeast extent into
    central OK.

    Large-scale ascent will increase by late afternoon/early evening,
    and isolated thunderstorms are expected to develop by 00z. With
    temperatures warming into the 70s F across western TX, initial
    convection may briefly be surface-based. However, with nocturnal
    stabilization of the boundary-layer, convection will tend to become
    elevated with time. Supercell wind profiles, characterized by
    southeasterly low-level flow veering with height to southwesterly
    flow in the mid/upper levels, will support storm organization. Elongated/straight hodographs above 2-3 km, and steepening midlevel
    lapse rates suggest isolated large hail will be the primary risk
    with convection over western TX into far southwest OK, though a
    couple of strong gusts also could accompany storms that are
    surface-based.

    Storm coverage will increase through the evening with northeast
    extent as a 30-40 kt southerly low-level jet increases across TX/OK.
    A strong storm or two could develop into central OK during the
    nighttime hours and produce small hail, but weaker midlevel lapse
    rates and MLCAPE less than 500 J/kg should temper the severe risk.

    ..Leitman.. 02/12/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 12 17:19:40 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 121719
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 121718

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    Issued by 15th OWS Scott Air Force Base IL
    1118 AM CST Thu Feb 12 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF WESTERN TEXAS INTO SOUTH CENTRAL OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms could produce small to
    marginally severe hail Friday evening into the overnight hours
    across portions of western Texas into south central Oklahoma.

    ...Texas and Oklahoma...

    A positive-tilt upper trough oriented from NV to just offshore from
    southern CA/northwest Mexico Friday morning, will shift east through
    the period, emerging over the central High Plains to southern
    Rockies by Saturday morning. As this occurs, increasing
    southwesterly mid/upper flow will overspread TX and OK. Lee low
    development over the southern High Plains will foster increasing south/southeasterly low-level flow across OK/TX, and modest boundary
    layer moisture will spread northwest across much of TX into OK.
    Mainly 50s to near 60 F dewpoints are expected across
    western/central TX into central OK. As cooling aloft ensues amid
    moistening vertical thermodynamic profiles, modest destabilization
    is expected across western TX and perhaps into southwest OK. MLCAPE
    values are generally forecast in the 500-1000 J/kg range, with
    weaker elevated instability expected with northeast extent into
    central OK.

    Large-scale ascent will increase by late afternoon/early evening,
    and isolated thunderstorms are expected to develop by 00z. With
    temperatures warming into the 70s F across western TX, initial
    convection may briefly be surface-based. However, with nocturnal
    stabilization of the boundary-layer, convection will tend to become
    elevated with time. Supercell wind profiles, characterized by
    southeasterly low-level flow veering with height to southwesterly
    flow in the mid/upper levels, will support storm organization. Elongated/straight hodographs above 2-3 km, and steepening midlevel
    lapse rates suggest isolated large hail will be the primary risk
    with convection over western TX into south central OK, though a
    couple of strong gusts also could accompany storms that are
    surface-based.

    Storm coverage will increase through the evening with northeast
    extent as a 30-40 kt southerly low-level jet increases across TX/OK.
    A strong storm or two could develop into central OK during the
    nighttime hours and produce small hail, but weaker midlevel lapse
    rates and MLCAPE less than 500 J/kg should temper the severe risk.

    ..15_ows.. 02/12/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 12 18:01:53 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 121801
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 121718

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    Issued by 15th OWS Scott Air Force Base IL
    1118 AM CST Thu Feb 12 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF WESTERN TEXAS INTO SOUTH CENTRAL OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms could produce small to
    marginally severe hail Friday evening into the overnight hours
    across portions of western Texas into south central Oklahoma.

    ...Texas and Oklahoma...

    A positive-tilt upper trough oriented from NV to just offshore from
    southern CA/northwest Mexico Friday morning, will shift east through
    the period, emerging over the central High Plains to southern
    Rockies by Saturday morning. As this occurs, increasing
    southwesterly mid/upper flow will overspread TX and OK. Lee low
    development over the southern High Plains will foster increasing south/southeasterly low-level flow across OK/TX, and modest boundary
    layer moisture will spread northwest across much of TX into OK.
    Mainly 50s to near 60 F dewpoints are expected across
    western/central TX into central OK. As cooling aloft ensues amid
    moistening vertical thermodynamic profiles, modest destabilization
    is expected across western TX and perhaps into southwest OK. MLCAPE
    values are generally forecast in the 500-1000 J/kg range, with
    weaker elevated instability expected with northeast extent into
    central OK.

    Large-scale ascent will increase by late afternoon/early evening,
    and isolated thunderstorms are expected to develop by 00z. With
    temperatures warming into the 70s F across western TX, initial
    convection may briefly be surface-based. However, with nocturnal
    stabilization of the boundary-layer, convection will tend to become
    elevated with time. Supercell wind profiles, characterized by
    southeasterly low-level flow veering with height to southwesterly
    flow in the mid/upper levels, will support storm organization. Elongated/straight hodographs above 2-3 km, and steepening midlevel
    lapse rates suggest isolated large hail will be the primary risk
    with convection over western TX into south central OK, though a
    couple of strong gusts also could accompany storms that are
    surface-based.

    Storm coverage will increase through the evening with northeast
    extent as a 30-40 kt southerly low-level jet increases across TX/OK.
    A strong storm or two could develop into central OK during the
    nighttime hours and produce small hail, but weaker midlevel lapse
    rates and MLCAPE less than 500 J/kg should temper the severe risk.

    ..15_ows.. 02/12/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 13 05:59:26 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 130559
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 130557

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1157 PM CST Thu Feb 12 2026

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS LATE SATURDAY
    INTO SATURDAY NIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF THE SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS INTO
    LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact parts of the southern Great Plains
    into lower Mississippi Valley, mainly late Saturday afternoon
    through Saturday night, accompanied by at least some risk for severe
    weather.

    ...Discussion...
    Mid/upper flow is in the process of amplifying across the central
    into eastern mid-latitude Pacific. Downstream of a prominent
    building mid-level ridge, it appears that a significant mid-level
    trough will dig offshore of the U.S. Pacific coast Saturday through
    Saturday night, accompanied by at least modest surface cyclogenesis.


    Further downstream, mid-level ridging appears likely to continue
    building inland across the southern Great Basin and southern
    California through much of the Four Corners states. Guidance
    indicates that a preceding short wave trough will remain progressive
    across and east of the southern Great Plains, in the wake of
    larger-scale troughing shifting away from the Atlantic Seaboard.
    However, there remains notable spread among the various model output
    concerning the movement of this perturbation across Texas toward the
    lower Mississippi Valley through this period.

    Forcing for ascent accompanying this short wave is forecast to
    support surface cyclogenesis to the lee of the southern Rockies, but
    this may remain modest to weak, particularly across the southern
    Great Plains, with the most notable deepening generally not forecast
    to occur until Saturday night across southeast Texas into the lower
    Mississippi Valley.

    ...Southern Great Plains into lower Mississippi Valley...
    It appears that widespread, layered cloud cover and precipitation
    will precede the short wave trough through much of the south central
    U.S. by 12Z Saturday, and this may tend to inhibit potential for
    appreciable destabilization, despite an influx of Gulf
    boundary-layer moisture characterized by mid 50s to mid 60s F
    surface dew points across much of Texas and Oklahoma. At least
    somewhat drier air advecting in mid-levels to the south of the Red
    River might allow for daytime warming and breaks in the low-level
    overcast. However, stronger mid-level cooling, to the north of a
    70-80 kt 500 mb jet streak propagating south of the Texas Big Bend
    toward northwest Gulf coastal areas, might be the primary
    contributor to destabilization. Based on forecast soundings, most
    unstable parcels might remain mostly rooted above a saturated
    near-surface layer with generally moist adiabatic lapse rates,
    particularly across southeastern Texas into the lower Mississippi
    Valley.

    Even so, the destabilization (including CAPE on the order of 500+
    J/kg), in the presence of strong deeper-layer shear, may become
    supportive of vigorous thunderstorm development posing a risk for
    severe hail, at least initially. Aided by favorable large-scale
    forcing for ascent, there does appear potential for stronger
    convection to consolidate and organize across central toward
    southeastern Texas late Saturday afternoon into evening. As this
    occurs, the development of strong surface gusts might not be out of
    the question. Tornadic potential may be limited due to weak near
    surface lapse rates/instability, but low-level hodographs could
    become more conducive across southeastern Texas into the lower
    Mississippi Saturday night, as the surface cyclone deepens.

    ..Kerr.. 02/13/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Feb 15 05:59:08 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 150559
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 150557

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1157 PM CST Sat Feb 14 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS MONDAY ACROSS
    PARTS OF CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact southern California coastal areas,
    mainly south of Vandenberg AFB into the Los Angeles Basin, and
    perhaps parts of the Central Valley, on Monday, accompanied by at
    least some risk for damaging wind gusts and perhaps a couple of
    tornadoes.

    ...Discussion...
    General trends concerning the mid/upper flow evolution depicted in
    prior model runs for this period continue. To the northeast of a
    blocking mid-level ridge centered over the southern mid-latitude
    Pacific (between 150-160W longitude), a vigorous short wave
    perturbation is forecast to undergo further amplification while
    digging offshore of the British Columbia and Pacific Northwest
    coast. It appears that this will be accompanied by
    lower/mid-tropospheric cyclogenesis, and force an initially
    significant downstream trough inland across California and much of
    the Great Basin by late Monday night.

    As this occurs, deep surface troughing is also forecast to develop
    farther inland during the latter half of the period, becoming
    centered near the northern Rockies through the central and southern
    Great Plains by 12Z Tuesday. Farther downstream, models indicate
    that warm/dry elevated mixed-layer air will continue advecting
    northeastward, overspreading much of the central and southern Great
    Plains and Gulf Basin. At the same time, further lower tropospheric
    cooling and drying appears probable across much of the Gulf Basin,
    in the wake of mid-level troughing and an associated rapidly
    deepening surface cyclone migrating away from the middle and
    southern Atlantic Seaboard.

    It still appears that the inland migrating mid/upper-level troughing
    will be accompanied by an intense jet (including a 100-110+ kt speed
    maximum around 500 mb) nosing inland across southern California
    through the Four Corners. Forcing associated with this feature may
    be promoting modest cyclogenesis offshore of the California coast by
    the beginning of the period. The low may deepen a bit further while
    occluding and migrating inland near or south of the San Francisco
    Bay vicinity during the day Monday.

    ...Southern California coast...
    Models continue to suggest that a corridor of low-level moistening,
    along and ahead of the front trailing the occluding surface low, may
    gradually contribute to sufficient destabilization to support
    deepening convective development while spreading inland across
    coastal areas, mainly south of Vandenberg AFB through the Los
    Angeles Basin, perhaps beginning as early as late Monday morning.
    Aided by mid/upper forcing for ascent and strong mid-level cooling,

    thermodynamic profiles may become supportive of thunderstorm
    development, in the presence of strong deep-layer shear. Wind
    profiles may include 40-50 kt southerly flow around the 850 mb
    level, with sizable clockwise curved low-level hodographs
    developing, mainly where the favorable orientation of the Transverse
    Ranges with respect to the low-level flow contributes to backing of near-surface wind fields. As this occurs, the environment may
    become conducive to the development of supercells capable of
    producing tornadoes, in addition to potentially damaging wind gusts.

    ...Central Valley...
    There is notable spread evident among the various model output, but
    at least some guidance suggests that the inland migrating low, and
    perhaps an associated lingering mid-level cyclonic circulation, may
    contribute to a focused area of lift, weak low-level destabilization
    and strengthening shear by Monday afternoon. NAM forecast
    soundings, perhaps more so than other guidance, suggest that the
    environment might become conducive to the risk for a brief, weak
    tornado or two.

    ..Kerr.. 02/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 13 17:31:58 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 131731
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 131730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1130 AM CST Fri Feb 13 2026

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EAST TX INTO
    LA AND SOUTHWEST MS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible from Saturday into Saturday night
    from parts of Texas into the lower Mississippi Valley. Isolated hail
    will be possible across parts of Texas during the day, with an
    increasing threat of damaging winds and a couple tornadoes expected
    Saturday night from east Texas into Louisiana and southwest
    Mississippi.

    ...Synopsis...
    A vigorous mid/upper-level shortwave trough will move across the
    southern Plains during the day, before reaching the lower MS Valley
    vicinity Saturday night. This system will be accompanied by a strong
    midlevel jet (60-80 kt at 500 mb) and a consolidating surface low
    that is forecast to eventually deepen and reach the ArkLaTex region
    by evening. Relatively rich low-level moisture (with dewpoints in
    the 60s F) will already be in place Saturday morning across parts of
    TX/OK, and will eventually spread into parts of the lower MS Valley
    by evening, in conjunction with the advancing surface low.

    ...Southern Plains into the lower MS Valley...
    Elevated storms will likely be ongoing Saturday morning from parts
    of west/northwest TX into southern OK, which could pose an isolated
    hail threat. Early-day convection may gradually evolve into a
    loosely organized QLCS across north TX and vicinity, with additional
    isolated strong to severe storm development possible into central TX
    as the primary mid/upper shortwave trough ejects eastward. Weak to
    locally moderate buoyancy and increasing deep-layer shear will
    support at least an isolated severe threat through the afternoon,
    though CAM guidance varies regarding the coverage and duration of
    organized storms through the first part of the period.

    Guidance generally depicts increasing low-level mass response
    near/after 00Z, which should aid the development of a more organized
    QLCS during the evening across parts of east TX. This QLCS is
    expected move eastward into parts of LA and lower MS Valley during
    the late evening and overnight hours. While instability will become increasingly scant with eastward extent, strengthening low/midlevel
    flow and effective SRH will support development of one or more
    organized bowing segments, with an attendant threat of scattered
    damaging winds. Some increase in the tornado threat will also be
    possible Saturday evening/night, both with line-embedded
    mesovortices, and also potentially with any supercells within the
    warm-conveyor belt region that eventually merge into the primary
    QLCS.

    Most guidance suggests some weakening trend prior to 12Z Sunday
    morning, with the stronger forcing potentially becoming displaced
    from the effective warm sector. However, some threat for locally
    damaging winds and a brief tornado could persist near the LA/MS
    coasts through the end of the forecast period.

    ..Dean.. 02/13/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 14 05:57:34 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 140557
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 140555

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1155 PM CST Fri Feb 13 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SUNDAY AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF NORTHERN FLORIDA AND SOUTHERN GEORGIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible, mainly late Sunday afternoon into
    early evening across parts of northern Florida and adjacent southern
    Georgia, accompanied by a risk for damaging wind gusts and a couple
    of tornadoes, including potential for a strong tornado or two.

    ...Discussion...
    Within the prevailing split flow across the Pacific, it still
    appears that a prominent blocking ridge centered over the
    mid-latitude Pacific (near 160W) may undergo further amplification
    toward the higher latitudes, across and north-northwest of the
    Aleutians in mid/upper levels through this period. As
    this occurs, and a vigorous downstream short wave trough digs
    near/offshore of the British Columbia coast, a significant mid-level
    trough initially over the southern mid-latitude eastern Pacific is
    forecast to slowly accelerate toward the California/Baja coast. It
    appears that a shorter wavelength perturbation pivoting through the
    base of this feature will support modest renewed surface
    cyclogenesis, but this is generally forecast to occur and remain
    offshore of central and southern California coastal areas through
    12Z Monday, as an initial occluding cyclone weakens to the north and
    northwest.

    Downstream, it appears that flow across the Rockies into the
    western Atlantic may trend more zonal, with short wave developments
    within the converging branches of westerlies remaining out of phase.
    In the southern branch, mid-level ridging is forecast to broaden
    eastward across the southern Rockies through lower Mississippi
    Valley, in the wake of mid-level short wave troughing progressing
    into and across much of the southern Atlantic Seaboard by late
    Sunday night.

    Spread persists within/among the various model output concerning
    this troughing. In general, guidance suggests that an embedded
    mid-level cyclonic circulation and associated surface cyclone will
    tend to weaken by the time it progresses offshore by late Sunday
    night. However, at least some guidance, including the NAM and Rapid
    Refresh, appear to maintain a stronger mid-level perturbation across
    the eastern Gulf Coast states through the day Sunday.

    ...Eastern Gulf States...
    Questions remain concerning the extent to which thermodynamic
    profiles may be conducive to continuing severe weather potential, in association with an initial line of convection which may be in the
    process of spreading into Alabama and offshore of the southeastern
    Louisiana coast at the outset of the period. Moist adiabatic or
    more stable near surface lapse rates and weak CAPE, particularly
    inland of coastal areas, still seem likely to limit the risk for
    severe hail, damaging wind gusts and/or tornadoes at least into
    early afternoon, as activity progresses eastward.

    Through mid to late afternoon, it is appearing increasingly probable
    that a belt of 40-50+ kt southwesterly to west-southwesterly flow in
    the 850-700 mb layer will overspread the northern Florida/southern
    Georgia vicinity. As this occurs, forecast soundings from the
    latest Rapid Refresh and NAM suggest that this may be accompanied by
    rapidly moistening and destabilizing thermodynamic profiles rooted
    within the boundary layer, coincident with low-level hodographs
    becoming rather large and clockwise curved, in the presence of
    strong deep-layer shear. It appears that this environment may
    contribute to a re-intensification of the convective line, with
    embedded supercells and perhaps preceded by discrete supercell
    development. As this activity tends to propagate eastward toward
    the coast into early evening, it may be accompanied by damaging wind
    gusts and a risk for tornadoes, including potential for a strong
    tornado or two.

    ..Kerr.. 02/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 14 17:26:35 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 141726
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 141724

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1124 AM CST Sat Feb 14 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SUNDAY AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF NORTHERN FLORIDA AND SOUTHERN
    GEORGIA....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible Sunday across parts of northern
    Florida and adjacent southern Georgia, accompanied by a risk for
    damaging wind gusts and a couple of tornadoes, including potential
    for a strong tornado or two.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Sunday, a mid-level trough moving across the Southeast will merge
    with an additional trough moving from the Great Lakes to the
    Northeast. In the wake of this trough, mid-level ridging will build
    across the central CONUS. A surface low associated with the
    mid-level trough traversing the Southeast will gradually weaken
    through the day before deepening somewhat Sunday night in the
    western Atlantic as the larger-scale trough merges.

    ...Southeast...
    A line of storms will likely be ongoing at the beginning of the
    period across eastern Mississippi/western Alabama. Weak instability
    is forecast ahead of this line with low 60s dewpoints. Strong
    low-level shear may support embedded rotation/tornado potential
    where the greater (250 J/kg+) MLCAPE exists. 12Z CAM guidance shows
    varying storm mode solutions, with some indication of the line
    becoming more broken through the morning while other guidance keeps
    it more organized. Given the ascent ahead of the mid-level trough
    and a persistent 40-50 knot low-level jet, expect the line to remain
    more organized Sunday morning and through the afternoon. Damaging
    wind gusts and a few tornadoes will be the primary threat along this
    line. A strong tornado is possible across southern Georgia and
    northern Florida Sunday afternoon where the greatest instability and
    strong low-level jet overlap.

    12Z guidance shows some low 60s dewpoints into southern South
    Carolina. Therefore, given at least some weak instability in the
    forecast soundings, have expanded the marginal risk into southern
    North Carolina for the conditional tornado/damaging wind threat
    Sunday morning through the afternoon.

    Additional thunderstorms may develop beneath the mid-level cold pool
    Sunday afternoon from eastern Alabama into central Georgia as MLCAPE
    around 500 to 750 J/kg develops. However, shear will be weak by this
    time. Therefore, some small hail may occur with this activity, but
    no severe weather is anticipated with these thunderstorms.

    ..Bentley.. 02/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Feb 15 17:14:41 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 151714
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 151713

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1113 AM CST Sun Feb 15 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR THE SOUTHERN
    CALIFORNIA COAST AND PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL VALLEY....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact southern California coastal areas
    and perhaps parts of the Central Valley on Monday. These storms will
    be accompanied by at least some risk for damaging wind gusts and
    perhaps a tornado or two.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong mid-level trough and associated mid-level jet streak will
    impact southern California on Monday with an amplifying ridge across
    the central CONUS. The southern stream trough across southern
    California will merge with a northern stream trough across the
    Northwest during the day Monday. Therefore, a surface low which will
    move onshore along the southern/central California coast on Monday morning/early afternoon will combine with the northern surface low
    and result in a very strong surface low centered over the northern
    Rockies by the end of the period.

    ...Southern California...
    Low-level moisture advection will lead to weak destabilization off
    the southern California coast Monday morning and into the early
    afternoon. Most CAM guidance indicates strengthening convection
    along the front as it approaches the coast. A strong low-level jet
    and some low-level hodograph curvature may support some damaging
    winds and potential for a QLCS tornado or two. The primary limiting
    factor will be the relatively shallow nature of the instability.
    Some areas within the line may not even produce lightning, but given
    the convective nature of the line and the strong wind profile, a
    marginal risk is warranted.

    ...Central California...
    In the wake of the initial precipitation surge, cooling temperatures
    aloft and perhaps some heating in the Central Valley may result in a
    brief window during the afternoon which may favor a few stronger
    storms. This threat would be confined to a narrow area, but HRRR
    forecast soundings between 21-22Z show some weak instability,
    moderately steep lapse rates, and around 200 m2/s2 0-1km SRH. The 2%
    tornado probabilities have been maintained for this limited duration
    threat.

    ..Bentley.. 02/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Feb 16 05:56:17 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 160556
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 160554

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1154 PM CST Sun Feb 15 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorm activity is possible across Pacific coastal
    areas and the Central Valley of California Tuesday into Tuesday
    night, as well as across parts of the mid Missouri Valley into Upper
    Midwest Tuesday night. However, the risk for severe storms appears
    low.

    ...Discussion...
    Models continue to indicate that a lower/mid-tropospheric cyclone
    will weaken while migrating inland of the Pacific Northwest coast
    Tuesday. However, an initially intense offshore jet is forecast to
    continue digging south-southeastward across California coastal areas
    to the south of San Francisco Bay, toward the lower Colorado Valley
    through late Tuesday night, contributing to the maintenance of
    amplified larger-scale troughing across and inland of the U.S.
    Pacific Coast.

    Downstream, a broad swath of seasonably strong west-southwesterly
    mid/upper flow is forecast to continue developing east of the
    southern Rockies, across the south central Great Plains and Ohio
    Valley, as the remnants of preceding inland migrating troughing
    pivot across the northern Rockies and much of the middle/lower
    Missouri Valley into the Upper Midwest by late Tuesday night.
    Models continue to indicate that initially deep surface troughing
    accompanying this perturbation will begin to slowly weaken, but a
    broad belt of strong southwesterly low-level flow (including 40-50
    kt around 850 mb) may be maintained while spreading from the
    central/southern Great Plains into the Ohio Valley by 12Z Wednesday.

    To the west/northwest of the low-level jet axis, a plume of rather
    modest low-level moisture, including surface dew points in the mid
    40s to lower/mid 50s F, may advect from parts of the central Great
    Plains across and northeast of the lower/mid Missouri Valley,
    beneath a warm/dry elevated mixed-layer initially overspreading much
    of the central and southern Great Plains through middle and lower
    Mississippi Valley. However, substantive Gulf boundary-layer
    modification and inland return flow still appears unlikely through
    this period and beyond.

    ...Pacific Coast...
    Low probabilities for thunderstorm activity may linger into early
    Tuesday nearly southern California coastal areas. However, the
    primary convective potential, including scattered thunderstorm
    development, seems likely to become focused across northern and
    central California coastal areas into the Central Valley Tuesday
    afternoon into Tuesday night. This will accompany strong mid-level
    cooling and forcing for ascent associated with the digging mid/upper
    jet, which may provide support for stronger cells becoming capable
    of producing gusty winds and small hail, particularly near coastal
    areas around San Francisco Bay as early as midday Tuesday. It still
    appears that the lack of steeper lower/mid-tropospheric lapse rates,
    and more substantive CAPE, may minimize the potential for storms to
    reach severe criteria, but this will continue to be monitored in
    later outlooks for this period.

    ...Mid Missouri Valley into Upper Midwest...
    Given at least limited low-level moisture return, it still appears
    that forcing for ascent may contribute to a corridor of thunderstorm development as strong mid-level height falls overspread the region
    late Tuesday afternoon through Tuesday night. Based on the latest
    forecast soundings and other model output, the potential for severe
    hail and strong surface gusts still appears rather low, but perhaps
    not entirely out of the question. This will continue to be
    monitored in later outlook updates for this period.

    ..Kerr.. 02/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Feb 16 17:32:19 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 161732
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 161730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1130 AM CST Mon Feb 16 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible across Pacific coastal areas and the
    Central Valley of California Tuesday into Tuesday night, as well as
    across parts of the mid Missouri Valley into Upper Midwest Tuesday
    night. However, the risk for severe storms currently appears low.

    ...California...
    In the wake of a mid/upper-level shortwave trough ejecting across
    the Great Basin/Four Corners region, another strong trough will dig southeastward along the Pacific Coast on Tuesday, as a powerful
    mid/upper-level jet begins to impinge upon the California coast.
    Ascent attendant to the trough/jet and cold temperatures aloft will
    support low-topped convection along much of the California coast,
    and also within parts of the interior valleys. The strongest
    low/midlevel flow will move over the central/northern CA coast and
    valleys during the day and evening, and over the southern CA coastal
    region later Tuesday night. Gusty winds and small hail will be
    possible with low-topped convection across these regions. At this
    time, it appears that convection will be quite shallow, which is
    expected to limit the organized severe threat. However, trends will
    continue to be monitored regarding potential for a low-probability
    wind and brief-tornado threat associated with this strong system.

    ...Missouri Valley/Midwest...
    The mid/upper-level shortwave trough initially near the eastern
    Great Basin and Four Corners region will eject rapidly northeastward
    and take on a negative tilt on Tuesday, reaching the
    central/northern Plains by late afternoon into the evening, and the
    Upper Midwest/Great Lakes by early Wednesday morning. In response to
    this shortwave trough, a deep surface low will consolidate across
    the northern High Plains, and then move across the Dakotas. A
    trailing cold front will move across parts of the Great Plains.

    Low-level moisture return along/ahead of the front is expected to
    remain quite limited, but strong ascent and modest moistening above
    the surface could support elevated convection from very late
    afternoon into Tuesday night across parts of the MO Valley and Upper
    Midwest. The signal for robust convection is currently muted, with
    the general thunderstorm area reflecting a broad region of low but
    nonzero potential. With strong low/midlevel flow and robust diurnal heating/mixing expected across the warm sector, the environment will
    be conditionally favorable for strong to locally severe gusts, if
    deep convection can be sustained.

    ..Dean.. 02/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Feb 17 05:50:50 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 170550
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 170549

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1149 PM CST Mon Feb 16 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered areas of low probabilistic potential for
    thunderstorm development may evolve across the U.S. Wednesday
    through Wednesday night, but any storms that do form are expected to
    remain generally weak.

    ...Discussion...
    Notable spread persists within the latest model output concerning
    short wave (and related lower-level) developments within a cyclonic
    regime evolving inland of the Pacific coast through the Mississippi
    Valley by Wednesday.

    In general, one initial perturbation and associated surface
    troughing, pivoting through the Upper Midwest and adjacent Great
    Lakes region by the beginning of this period, are still forecast to
    undergo substantive weakening Wednesday through Wednesday night. It
    is possible that a residual area of lower/mid-tropospheric forcing
    for ascent, coupled with limited moisture return, may maintain
    sufficient strength to support continuing convective development
    capable of producing lightning while spreading through the lower
    Great Lakes vicinity into the day Wednesday. This seems likely to
    remain rooted above an initially stable boundary layer, with little
    risk for severe weather before diminishing.

    Upstream, another fairly significant short wave perturbation is
    forecast to accelerate east-northeast of the southern Sierra Nevada,
    as another digs toward the Oregon/northern California coast.
    Beneath strong mid-level cooling, models indicate that
    boundary-layer warming will probably contribute to weak
    destabilization supportive of convective development across the
    eastern Great Basin through the mountains of Colorado and Wyoming
    during the day. It doesn't seem entirely out of the question that
    some of this activity may become capable of producing lightning,
    particularly where surface temperatures are able to warm above
    freezing. However, this probably will remain very sparse in
    coverage. Otherwise, thunderstorm probabilities marginally
    sufficient for a categorical thunderstorm area are likely to linger
    near Pacific coastal areas, mainly from Oregon into and just south
    of San Francisco Bay.

    It does still appear that the short wave trough emerging from the
    West will support notable cyclogenesis from the lee of the Colorado
    Rockies into the central Great Plains late Wednesday through
    Wednesday night. However, low-level flow, above the boundary-layer,
    across and east of the southern Great Plains is forecast to maintain
    a pronounced westerly component through the period. Modest inland
    moisture return off a gradually modifying Gulf boundary layer
    appears likely to remain focused east of the lower Mississippi
    Valley, into the Southeast, around the western periphery of
    low-level ridging centered over the southern mid- to subtropical
    latitudes of the western Atlantic. It is possible that a weak
    mid/upper impulse rapidly progressing eastward across parts of the
    Tennessee Valley and southern Appalachians, and/or low-level warm
    advection farther west into the vicinity of the confluence of the
    Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, could support weak thunderstorm
    development Wednesday night. But, probabilities appear near or
    below the minimum threshold for a categorical thunder area at the
    present time.

    ..Kerr.. 02/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Feb 17 17:10:27 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 171710
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 171708

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1108 AM CST Tue Feb 17 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms are possible along parts
    of the West Coast, lower Ohio/mid-Mississippi Valley, and lower
    Great Lakes regions. Severe weather is not anticipated.

    ...Synopsis...
    A pair of successive shortwave troughs are expected to progress north-northeastward on Wednesday into Thursday morning. The initial,
    weaker perturbation will move from the mid-Mississippi Valley into
    the upper Ohio Valley. Some thunderstorm potential will exist ahead
    of this feature within a warm advection regime in lower Michigan
    into northeast Ohio and northwest Pennsylvania.

    Farther west, a more potent shortwave will move from the lower
    Colorado Valley/western Great Basin into the central Plains by
    Thursday morning. In its wake, general troughing will in the West.
    Cold temperatures aloft will foster potential for isolated
    thunderstorms along much of the West Coast. A few lightning flashes
    may also occur ahead of the progressing shortwave trough in the
    eastern Great Basin. However, ample cloud cover and cool/cold
    temperatures will keep such activity quite sparse.

    A surface low will develop late in the period in the central High
    Plains and shift into eastern Kansas/western Missouri by Thursday
    morning. Mid-level ascent and warm/moist advection will gradually
    increase from the Mississippi/Ohio confluence into parts of the
    lower Ohio Valley. There is some signal from both global and
    regional CAM guidance for development very late in the period near
    the Mississippi/Ohio confluence. Farther north and east, capping may
    prevail given more nebulous forcing. Severe weather is not
    anticipated with any of the activity in these regions.

    ..Wendt.. 02/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 18 06:01:59 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 180601
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 180600

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1200 AM CST Wed Feb 18 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS MUCH OF CENTRAL
    AND SOUTHERN ILLINOIS AND INDIANA...PARTS OF WESTERN AND NORTHERN
    KENTUCKY AND SOUTHWESTERN OHIO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms, with potential to produce a few tornadoes and
    damaging wind gusts, are possible across parts of the middle
    Mississippi into lower Ohio Valleys Thursday afternoon into early
    evening.

    ...Discussion...
    There remains notable spread evident in the latest model output
    concerning a number of synoptic and sub-synoptic developments within
    the evolving pattern across North America through this period. In
    general, though, guidance continues to indicate that larger-scale
    mid-level troughing will slowly begin to shift inland of the Pacific
    coast Thursday through Thursday night, while being maintained
    downstream across the Rockies, Great Plains and Mississippi Valley,
    and slowly developing toward the lower Great Lakes and Appalachians
    vicinity. As this occurs, the center of a mid-level subtropical
    ridge is likely to shift from the southern Gulf Basin into the Bahamas/Caribbean, with its northern periphery maintaining an
    influence across parts of the Southeast.

    A couple of initially lower amplitude short wave perturbations,
    within a seasonably strong belt of flow emerging from the Southwest,
    may be in the process of progressing into and across the central
    Great Plains toward the middle Mississippi and lower Ohio Valleys at
    the outset of the period. The lead perturbation, probably
    accompanied by a 500 mb speed maximum of 90-100+ kts, is forecast to
    continue into and across the lower Ohio Valley during the day, as
    the trailing one pivots northeastward and perhaps intensifies across
    the middle Mississippi Valley toward southern Great Lakes region
    later Thursday through Thursday night.

    Associated with these developments, a sub-1000 mb surface cyclone is
    forecast to migrate across and northeast of the lower Missouri
    Valley during the day, perhaps slowly deepening, before continuing
    toward the upper Great Lakes accompanied by more substantive
    deepening Thursday night.

    ...Middle Mississippi/Lower Ohio Valley...
    It appears that warming aloft, associated with subsidence to the
    south of the trailing mid/upper jet, will tend to eventually
    overspread the better (but still relatively modest) low-level
    moisture return to the evolving warm sector across the lower Ohio
    Valley. However, to still differing degrees, the latest runs of the
    various model output indicate a window of opportunity for strong to
    severe thunderstorm development, perhaps beginning by early
    afternoon, aided by daytime heating and subtle mid-level
    cooling/forcing for ascent accompanying the lead jet streak.

    The consensus of latest guidance, supported by the High Resolution
    Ensemble and related machine learning output, suggests that this may
    initiate across portions of Illinois, near or to the north and east
    of the Greater St. Louis area, with strongest activity tending to
    develop eastward and perhaps peak while spreading across east
    central and portions of southeastern Illinois through portions of
    central and southern Indiana by early Thursday evening.

    Forecast soundings across this corridor remain generally
    characterized by at least modest convective instability, and CAPE on
    the order of 500-750+ J/kg, in the presence of strong deep-layer
    shear. Sizable clockwise-curved low-level hodographs, beneath
    40-50+ kt south to southwest flow in the 850-700 mb layer, may
    promote supercells capable of producing severe hail and a few
    tornadoes, and activity may eventually grow upscale enough to
    support increasing potential for damaging wind gusts before
    convection wanes late Thursday evening.

    ..Kerr.. 02/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 18 17:31:03 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 181730
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 181729

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1129 AM CST Wed Feb 18 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND LOWER OHIO VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms, with potential to produce a few tornadoes,
    hail and damaging wind gusts, are possible across parts of the
    middle Mississippi into lower Ohio Valleys Thursday afternoon into
    early evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    A progressive mid-level flow regime, characterized by multiple
    low-amplitudes perturbations and strong west/southwesterly flow
    aloft is expected over the CONUS Day2/Thursday. The primary
    shortwave trough will move from the southern Rockies/Plains into the
    Midwest by 00z, assuming a slight negative tilt as multiple weaker
    preceding subtropical perturbation are absorbed. Strong ascent
    associated with the trough a 100+ kt mid-level jet streak will
    deepen a surface low over the eastern Plains, reaching the Great
    Lakes by early Friday.

    ...Middle Mississippi and Lower Ohio Valley...
    As the upper trough and surface low approach the Mid MS Valley early
    Thursday, rapid low-level moistening is expected across parts of
    eastern MO western IL and the lower OH Valley. While moisture
    content is seasonably limited (surface dewpoints in the 50s to near
    60 F), cooling mid-level temperatures ahead of the preceding
    subtropical shortwave trough will support some destabilization
    Thursday afternoon.

    While instability will remain modest owing to limited boundary-layer
    moisture, clearing ahead of a surging dryline tied to the surface
    low will allow for diurnal heating. In combination with steepening
    mid-level lapse rates, around 500-1000 J/kg of MLCAPE is exacted by
    early afternoon. An arc of mainly cellular convection should develop
    by mid afternoon across far eastern MO and western to south-central
    IL and move quickly eastward. Amid very strong kinematic fields
    (EBWD 55+ kt) a supercell mode is expected. Strong low-level shear
    and the concentration of buoyancy in the lowest few km will favor
    strong vertical accelerations and stretching with seasonably cool
    mid-level temperatures. Hail is likely with the stronger rotating
    storms. Additionally, with backed low-level flow near the low/warm
    front and large low-level shear, (0-1 km BWD 25+ kt) a few tornadoes
    are possible.

    As ascent spreads eastward, thunderstorm activity may eventually
    grow upscale enough to support increasing potential for damaging
    wind gusts given the strong background flow. However, decreasing
    buoyancy and weakening height falls with eastward extent should
    gradually limit convective intensity into parts of the middle OH
    Valley late Thursday evening.

    ..Lyons.. 02/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 19 06:02:05 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 190602
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 190600

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1200 AM CST Thu Feb 19 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS LATE FRIDAY
    EVENING INTO FRIDAY NIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI...ALABAMA...GEORGIA AND PERHAPS ADJACENT PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHERN TENNESSEE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered, but generally weak, thunderstorm activity is
    possible Friday east of the lower Great Lakes into Mid Atlantic and
    Southeast. A more substantive increase and clustering of
    thunderstorms appears possible across parts of the northern Gulf
    Coast states late Friday evening into early Saturday, which may pose
    at least some risk for severe hail and localized strong, but
    generally sub-severe wind gusts.

    ...Discussion...
    Models continue to indicate that mid/upper flow will undergo renewed amplification across the central into eastern mid-latitude Pacific
    through this period. This is likely to include a significant short
    wave trough digging south-southeast of the Gulf of Alaska (roughly
    along 140W longitude), to the east of building ridging across and north-northwest of the Aleutians. Farther east, mid-level ridging
    is forecast to build inland of the Pacific coast, with remnant
    larger-scale downstream troughing developing eastward across the
    Rockies through Mississippi Valley.

    There remains spread among model output concerning the continuing
    strength of a short wave perturbation, which earlier emerged
    from this troughing, after it reaches southwestern portions of the
    Great Lakes region by the beginning of the period. It is generally
    forecast to become sheared and weaken as it progresses to the south
    of a blocking mid-level high centered near southern Hudson Bay, and
    downstream troughing digging into the Canadian Maritimes and
    northern New England. However, it appears possible that it may
    maintain considerable strength east-northeastward across the lower
    Great Lakes region through the day Friday, while its associated
    occluding surface cyclone weakens across Michigan.

    It continues to appear that secondary surface cyclogenesis will be
    slow/subdued from the lee of the Blue Ridge across and
    east-northeast of the northern Mid Atlantic, before perhaps
    undergoing more substantive deepening offshore Friday night. The
    trailing surface frontal zone probably will tend to stall across the
    Carolinas, while retreating northward near the southern edge of the
    strong westerlies across the Gulf Coast states by 12Z Saturday, in
    advance of a short wave perturbation emerging from the Southwest.

    Further low-level moistening associated with return flow off the
    Gulf is probable along and south of the front. However, warm
    layers aloft, near the northwestern periphery of mid/upper
    subtropical ridging centered across the Bahamas/Caribbean, may tend
    inhibit destabilization and thunderstorm development through much of
    Friday into Friday evening.

    ...Gulf Coast States...
    While mid/upper forcing for ascent associated with the short wave
    trough emerging from the Southwest may remain well to the cool side
    of the surface frontal zone, it appears that strengthening lower/mid-tropospheric warm advection will support potential for
    increasing thunderstorm development by late Friday evening and
    continue overnight. There appears a consensus among latest model
    output that this will focus across parts of northern Mississippi,
    Alabama and Georgia by 12Z Saturday. While this is likely to become
    rooted above a cool, stable near-surface layer, forecast soundings
    indicate that an initially warm/dry capping layer above the moist
    layer will contribute to convectively unstable thermodynamic
    profiles, which may become conducive to severe hail, in the presence
    of strong cloud bearing layer shear. Potential for severe gusts
    appears low, but as activity strengthens and perhaps organizes
    overnight, gusty surface winds may accompany activity.

    ..Kerr.. 02/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 19 17:29:29 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 191729
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 191727

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1127 AM CST Thu Feb 19 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE NORTHERN GULF COAST STATES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms, with a few stronger storms capable of hail,
    are possible Friday night and early Saturday over parts of the
    Southeast.

    ...Synopsis...
    Low amplitude but progressive mid-level flow will continue across
    the southern CONUS Day2/Friday. A shortwave trough and 100+ kt
    mid-level jet over the southern Great lakes will move quickly
    eastward and deamplify as subtropical ridging build to the south. A
    second shortwave, initially over the Desert Southwest will move
    quickly northeastward reaching the lower MS Valley by early
    Saturday. A deep surface low over the Great Lakes will gradually
    fill as its associated cold front surges eastward toward the
    Atlantic coast. Trailing portions of the front will slow and
    eventual stall, east to west over portions of the lower MS valley
    and northern Gulf Coast States.

    Thunderstorms are expected to persist from Day1/Thursday east of the
    surface low early Friday across the eastern Great Lakes and Mid
    Atlantic vicinity. However, scant low-level moisture and weak
    buoyancy will preclude severe potential. Scattered storms are
    expected overnight across portions of the northern Gulf Coast
    States.

    ...Northern Gulf Coast States....
    Mid-level flow is expected to remain quite strong over much of the
    Southeast Friday as weak subtropical ridging builds in behind the
    departing eastern shortwave. With weak to neutral mid-level heights, large-scale ascent will be muted for much of the day. Continued
    southerly flow off the Gulf will support moistening south of the
    stalled front with dewpoints climbing into the mid 60s F.
    Low/mid-level warm advection is expected to increase later Friday
    evening into early Saturday. While the primary ascent from the
    Southwest US shortwave should remain along the cool side, slight
    enhancement of the low-level jet is expected to be sufficient for
    elevated destabilization over parts of northern LA, MS, AL into
    northern GA and far southern TN. While not overly large, MUCAPE ~
    500 J/kg amid strong deep-layer shear (50+ kt) may allow for a few
    instances of hail with the stronger elevated storms overnight and
    early Saturday.

    ...Upper OH Valley...
    East of the occluding surface low, modest low-level moistening is
    expected early Friday morning. A narrow plume of relatively higher
    dewpoints (40s and 50s F) ahead of the surging front could support
    shallow convection across eastern OH, southwest NY and western PA.
    Current forecast guidance shows little if any buoyancy. However,
    given the strong ascent, shallow convective elements are possible
    along the front. With 100+ kt of mid-level flow, sporadic damaging
    wind gusts cannot be ruled out should any stronger convective
    showers develop. Cooler and more stable air farther east into the
    Mid Atlantic should limit any further wind gust potential later
    Friday.

    ..Lyons.. 02/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 20 06:30:17 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 200630
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 200628

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1228 AM CST Fri Feb 20 2026

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM SOUTHEAST
    ALABAMA AND THE NORTHERN FLORIDA PANHANDLE EAST INTO SOUTHERN SOUTH
    CAROLINA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible across parts of the eastern Gulf and
    south Atlantic coast states Saturday, accompanied by at least some
    risk for damaging wind gusts.

    ... Discussion ...

    Strong west/southwest mid-level flow will be in place across the
    southern and eastern United States at the start of the forecast
    period. A subtle southern stream shortwave trough will amplify on
    Saturday as it interacts with this stronger mid-level flow and
    approaching northern stream trough.

    A remnant frontal boundary will be stretched from southern North
    Carolina southwestward toward southeast Texas. A surface low will
    develop along this frontal boundary during the day on Saturday in
    response to the amplifying mid-level trough before quickly out to
    sea by Sunday morning.

    Ongoing thunderstorms at the start of the forecast period should
    persist through the morning, as the mid-level wave amplifies and
    surface low develops. Along and south of the front, modest diurnal
    heating will result in an environment with up to 500 to perhaps 1000
    J/kg of most unstable CAPE. Long, straight hodographs largely
    parallel to the frontal zone should favor small linear/bowing
    segments over supercells, despite the strong deep-layer shear
    present. A marginal threat for damaging wind gusts will accompany
    any sustained thunderstorm segment. A modest low-level jet during
    the morning hours may provide enough low-level streamwise vorticity
    to support a brief tornado or two. This threat should diminish
    during the afternoon as the low-level jet veers and weakens.

    ..Marsh.. 02/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 20 17:21:53 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 201721
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 201720

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1120 AM CST Fri Feb 20 2026

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE NORTHERN GULF COAST STATES TO THE SOUTHERN CAROLINAS....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible across parts of the eastern Gulf and
    south Atlantic coast states Saturday and Saturday night. A few
    stronger storms capable of damaging gusts and a brief tornado are
    possible.

    ...Discussion...
    An initially low-amplitude zonal flow regime over the CONUS is
    forecast to amplify considerably as a shortwave trough over the
    lower MS Valley deepens while moving into the Southeast. A stalled
    frontal boundary will be in place from southern North Carolina
    southwestward toward the northern Gulf Coast. A surface low will
    develop along this frontal boundary during the day on Saturday in
    response to the amplifying mid-level trough before moving quickly
    out to sea by Sunday morning. Sufficient moisture and ascent will
    likely support widely scattered thunderstorms with some potential
    for damaging gusts and a brief tornado over parts of the Southeast
    and southern Carolinas Saturday and Saturday night.

    ...Northeastern Gulf Coast States and the southern Carolinas...
    Early morning elevated storms should gradually become surface-based
    as they track east/southeastward ahead of a subtle wave low along
    the front. South of the front, modest diurnal heating amid mid to
    upper 60s F dewpoints will result in an environment with up to 500
    to perhaps 1000 J/kg of most unstable CAPE. Driven mostly by
    low-level warm air advection, mid-level lapse rates will remain
    generally poor (~6.5 C/km) which in combination with the lagged
    primary upper forcing may tend to limit initial updraft intensity.

    As the upper trough amplifies, the low will gradually deepen,
    potentially serving as a local focus for more sustained convection
    in southern GA and far southern SC. Long straight hodographs largely
    parallel to the frontal zone could allow a few more organized
    line/clusters Saturday afternoon/evening. Given the strong
    deep-layer shear and some buoyancy from heating, damaging gusts and
    a brief tornado are possible. Forecast guidance shows a few stronger
    storms in this region through Saturday evening. Should coverage and
    overall intensity increase, higher wind probabilities may be needed
    in future outlooks.

    Farther west, the surging front will likely undercut convection
    across the western flank of the warm sector as the surface low
    deepens. However, stronger heating and relatively larger buoyancy
    suggests isolated strong gusts remain possible with any stronger
    storms able to persist. Convection should gradually diminish as it
    moves southeastward toward the Gulf Coast and FL Panhandle into
    early Sunday.

    ..Lyons.. 02/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 21 06:32:58 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 210632
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 210631

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1231 AM CST Sat Feb 21 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible across portions of the Florida
    Peninsula during the day on Sunday. Lightning may also occur across
    coastal areas from North Carolina north toward Massachusetts.

    ... Discussion ...

    A strong shortwave trough and attendant speed max over the Ohio
    Valley at the start of the period will quickly dig east/southeast
    during the day on Sunday, before pivoting north toward southern New
    England overnight. At the surface, a low, initially over the coastal
    waters of North Carolina, will deepen through the day as strong
    large-scale ascent increases with the approaching shortwave trough.
    The rate of deepening of the surface low will only increase
    overnight as the shortwave trough takes on a neutral to negative
    tilt and large-scale ascent increases further.

    As the surface low deepens along the coast, the intensifying warm
    conveyor belt to the north and west of the low, drawing warm, moist
    Gulf Stream air inland. The combination of strong large-scale
    ascent, strong low-level warm-air advection, and cooling mid-level
    temperatures may result in enough elevated instability to support a
    few lightning strikes within the warm conveyor belt as the low lifts
    northward along the coast.

    Farther south and west, the deepening surface low will drive a cold
    front south across the Florida Peninsula. Surface temperatures in
    the 70Fs and dewpoints in the low-to-mid 60Fs may support a narrow
    ribbon of most-unstable CAPE between 500 and 1000 J/kg ahead of the
    southward advancing front. As a result, showers and a few
    thunderstorms may develop along and ahead of the front. Forecast
    soundings show pronounced mid-and-upper-level warming, which will
    limit the overall instability and a more robust lightning threat.

    Across the West, strong ascent and some moisture advection
    associated with the next upper-trough may lead to very isolated
    lightning strikes along and off the Pacific Northwest coast.
    However, coverage should remain sparse enough to preclude the need
    for delineation.

    ..Marsh.. 02/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 21 17:27:31 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 211727
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 211725

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1125 AM CST Sat Feb 21 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible across portions of the Florida
    Peninsula during the day on Sunday. Lightning may also occur across
    coastal areas from North Carolina north toward Massachusetts and
    over western Washington State. Severe weather potential is low.

    ...Discussion...
    A mid-level trough over the lower Great Lakes is expected to rapidly
    intensify as several smaller perturbations merge with the main
    trough and western US ridging develops Sunday. A 100+ kt jet streak
    will round the base of the trough and move over the Atlantic coast
    through midday Sunday. Increasing large-scale ascent will aid in
    rapid cyclogenesis off the NC Coast. The resulting mass response
    will surge a cold front southward over portions of the FL Peninsula.

    Ahead of the front, a narrow ribbon of most-unstable CAPE between
    500 and 1000 J/kg should develop with daytime heating ahead of the
    southward advancing front. This may support convective showers and a
    few thunderstorms Sunday afternoon across portions of central and
    southern FL. However, warming/drying mid-levels and the departure of
    stronger mid-level forcing for ascent should tend to limit lightning
    coverage with southward extent into later Sunday

    Across the Carolinas, mid Atlantic and southern New England coasts,
    intense surface cyclogenesis will support very strong low-level warm
    advection. The strong ascent may result in enough elevated
    instability (100-200 J/kg) and intense precipitation rates to
    support a few lightning strikes within the warm conveyor belt of the
    Nor'easter as the low lifts northward along the coast Sunday night
    into early Monday.

    Across the West, strong ascent and some moisture advection
    associated with another upper-trough may support shallow convection
    along and off the coast of the Olympic Peninsula. While coverage
    should remain relatively low, cold mid-level temperatures and the
    strong ascent could support a few lightning flashes through Sunday
    evening.

    ..Lyons.. 02/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Feb 22 06:02:36 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 220602
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 220601

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1201 AM CST Sun Feb 22 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected across the United States on Monday.

    ... Discussion ...

    A strong trough/surface cyclone will depart the East Coast on
    Monday, driving a strong surface cold front south of the US
    mainland. At the same time, mid-level ridging will overspread much
    of the western and central US, sustaining an expansive surface
    anticyclone across the central and eastern US. This combination of a
    mid-level ridge, a large surface anticyclone, and a cold frontal
    intrusion well into the Gulf should preclude thunderstorm
    development on Monday.

    ..Marsh.. 02/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Feb 22 16:44:10 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 221644
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 221642

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1042 AM CST Sun Feb 22 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A powerful cyclone initially offshore of the southern New England
    coast will move northeastward toward Nova Scotia on Monday. Any
    remaining lightning activity with this system is expected to be
    offshore by the start of the period. Otherwise, cool, dry, and
    stable conditions in the wake of a cold frontal passage should
    preclude thunderstorm development across the central/eastern CONUS.

    Elsewhere, shallow convection may persist into Monday morning across
    parts of the Olympic Peninsula of WA, but lightning potential should
    generally diminish with time. A midlevel shortwave trough will move
    from the Canadian Prairies toward the northern High Plains during
    the afternoon into Monday night, along the periphery of an upper
    ridge. Negligible moisture/instability is expected to limit
    thunderstorm potential with this shortwave.

    ..Dean.. 02/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Feb 23 06:23:15 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 230623
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 230621

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1221 AM CST Mon Feb 23 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected across the US on Tuesday.

    ... Discussion ...

    Fast, broad northwest flow will be in place across much of the US
    upper-levels on Tuesday. Embedded within this flow, a strong
    shortwave trough will move from the Northern Plains into the Great
    Lakes. At the surface, a low will skirt the central US-Canada
    border, ending up north of the Great Lakes. Despite impressive
    kinematics associated with this trough/cyclone, limited moisture and instability should preclude thunderstorm development.

    A secondary low will develop southward from eastern Colorado into
    Northwest Texas, within a broad lee trough stretching from north of
    Montana southward into central Texas. This low will begin drawing
    Gulf moisture northward into the central US. However, the lack of
    focused surface convergence/large-scale ascent should preclude precipitation/thunderstorms from developing on Tuesday.

    Across the West, a strong atmospheric river will take aim across
    portions of the Pacific Northwest into northern California as an
    extremely positively tilted trough moves into the Pacific Northwest.
    Forecast soundings across the area denote nearly saturated, moist
    adiabatic temperature/dewpoint profiles, which should inhibit
    sufficient instability for thunderstorm development.

    ..Marsh.. 02/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Feb 23 16:59:49 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 231659
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 231658

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1058 AM CST Mon Feb 23 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected across the US on Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    Moderate northwesterly flow aloft is forecast to extend across the
    majority of the CONUS early Tuesday. Several shortwave troughs are
    expected to move within the this northwesterly flow, including one
    forecast to move across the Upper Midwest, Upper Great Lakes, and
    adjacent northwestern Ontario.

    A deepening lee trough, and likely lee low development, will help
    tighten the surface pressure gradient across the Plains. Resulting
    southerly flow across the Southern Plains will encourage some modest
    low-level moisture return is anticipated late Tuesday through
    Wednesday morning across the TX Gulf Coast. However, the previously
    mentioned shortwave is expected to remain displaced well north of
    this low-level moisture and any associated buoyancy, precluding
    thunderstorm developing across the CONUS.

    A shortwave trough will also move into the Pacific Northwest early
    Wednesday morning. Cool and moist profiles are expected to be in
    place Tuesday morning, with some mid-level drying anticipated across
    the region throughout the day ahead of this wave. Some additional cooling/moistening is possible along the WA coast early morning as
    the wave moves through. However, stable conditions will prevail
    throughout the period, with no lightning anticipated.

    ..Mosier.. 02/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Feb 24 06:51:22 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 240651
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 240649

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1249 AM CST Tue Feb 24 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible Wednesday across portions of the
    central Plains southeast into the Ozarks and east into the Tennessee
    Valley.

    ... Discussion ...

    A fast moving shortwave trough is forecast to move from the Pacific
    Northwest into the central Plains/Mid-Missouri Valley on Wednesday.
    At the surface, a low will develop across the Texas Panhandle within
    a deepening lee trough before moving southeast then east overnight
    near the Red River.

    Ahead of this trough/surface low, southerly winds will continue
    moistening the boundary layer, with dewpoints reaching the mid 50Fs
    across far southeast Oklahoma, Arkansas and northern Mississippi by
    Thursday morning. Warm temperatures aloft should inhibit deep
    convection during the day on Wednesday across the warm sector.
    However, strengthening southwesterly low-to-mid-level flow
    throughout the warm sector should result in enough moist isentropic
    ascent across the Ozarks into the Tennessee Valley that showers and
    a few thunderstorms will be possible, especially late Wednesday
    night as cooling midlevel temperatures overspread the area.

    Farther west, thunderstorms may develop in associate with the
    aforementioned shortwave trough itself as it traverses the central
    Plains during the day on Wednesday. Here, cold mid-level
    temperatures overspreading a slowly moistening boundary layer may
    yield enough instability to support a few showers and thunderstorms.

    ..Marsh.. 02/24/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Feb 24 16:37:24 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 241637
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 241635

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1035 AM CST Tue Feb 24 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible Wednesday across portions of the
    central Plains southeast into the Ozarks and east into the Tennessee
    Valley.

    ...Synopsis...
    Broad mid-level troughing will characterize the upper air pattern
    over the central and eastern CONUS tomorrow (Wednesday), with
    multiple embedded mid-level impulses poised to traverse the
    mid-level troughing regime. A surface low will meander over TX
    through the period, resulting in gradual modest low-level moisture
    return from the Gulf to the mid-MS Valley region. During the 00-12Z
    (late Wednesday into early Thursday morning) time frame, a mid-level
    impulse will traverse a broad zonal surface baroclinic zone, serving
    as a local lifting source for deep-moist convection. Cooler
    temperatures aloft will overspread a marginally moist low-level
    airmass, resulting in scant buoyancy and an associated chance for a
    few lightning flashes. Buoyancy will be locally higher over the
    Mid-MS Valley overnight as low-level moisture return (albeit modest)
    will be maximized. A couple of thunderstorms may develop within this
    warm-air advection regime as well.

    ..Squitieri.. 02/24/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 25 06:34:30 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 250634
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 250632

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1232 AM CST Wed Feb 25 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible across portions of the Southeast on
    Thursday, the strongest of which may be capable of producing a
    couple of strong wind gusts.

    ... Discussion ...

    A mid-level shortwave trough over the Central Plains is forecast to
    weaken as it tracks southwest toward the Gulf Coast states during
    the day Thursday. At the surface, a low initially located across
    central Texas will shift southward during the day, leaving an
    elongated area of low pressure stretching east-northeast along a
    residual surface front. This boundary is expected to sag slowly
    southward through the day, though low-level convergence along the
    front appears weak.

    ... Central Gulf Coast into the Southeast ...

    Boundary-layer moisture will be characterized by dewpoints perhaps
    as high as mid 60Fs across the northern Gulf Coast decreasing to mid
    50Fs across northeast Alabama and northwest Georgia. The strongest
    instability is expected across Louisiana, where MUCAPE may approach
    1000 J/kg. However, forecast soundings across this region indicate a
    notable capping inversion between 850 and 700 mb. Further north and
    east, the airmass will be characterized by lesser instability but
    much weaker capping inversion.

    Showers and a few thunderstorms are likely to develop along and
    ahead of the sagging surface front. The overall severe threat should
    be limited owing to the meager instability and the weakening nature
    of the primary forcing mechanism. Additionally, low-level shear is
    notably weaker than previous model runs -- continuing the trend
    started yesterday.

    Nevertheless, sufficient deep-layer shear persists to support
    organized linear modes, especially with the stronger convective
    elements. While the lack of stronger low-level forcing and meager
    low-level buoyancy should prevent a widespread event, the more
    robust convective segments will be capable of producing isolated strong/damaging wind gusts.

    ..Marsh.. 02/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 25 17:29:04 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 251728
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 251727

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1127 AM CST Wed Feb 25 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible across portions of the Southeast on
    Thursday, but severe weather is not expected.

    ...Discussion...
    An expansive area of northwest flow aloft will extend from the
    Rockies to the East Coast on Thursday. High Pressure will be in
    place from the central Plains across the OH Valley and into the
    Northeast, with a cold front slowly pushing south into the Gulf
    Coast states. A leading wave will affect the Appalachians into the
    Northeast during the day, with a secondary wave moving into the
    southern Plains late.

    During the afternoon, upper 50s to low 60s dewpoints will exist
    ahead of this front, from eastern TX across LA, MS, AL, and into GA.
    Daytime heating will bring temperatures into the upper 60s to lower
    70s, resulting in maximum CAPE values into the 500-750 J/kg range.

    While mid and high level winds will be strong with 50+ kt effective
    shear, winds in the low levels and convergence will be weak.
    Widespread rain will be likely from northern AL and GA into the
    Carolinas north of the boundary where a few hundred J/kg elevated
    CAPE will be present. Small/non-severe hail cannot be ruled out with
    this activity. Given conditionally favorable shear, cooler
    temperatures aloft and influence of the upper wave, large hail could
    occur should stronger-than-forecast instability develop near/north
    of the boundary.

    To the south, isolated widely-scattered thunderstorms may develop
    during the afternoon across MS/AL/GA near the front and perhaps
    across the warm sector at peak heating. Forecast soundings indicate
    areas of subsidence aloft as winds veer to westerly behind the lead
    wave. Given these factors, these storms are expected to be
    non-severe.

    ..Jewell.. 02/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 26 06:51:36 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 260651
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 260650

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1250 AM CST Thu Feb 26 2026

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    General thunderstorms are likely over parts of the Southeast on
    Friday. Severe thunderstorms are not currently forecast.

    ... Discussion ...

    A deamplifying shortwave tough is forecast to move across the
    Southeast through the period, embedded within a broader regime of
    mid-level toughing across the eastern US. This large-scale setup
    will maintain modest ascent across the Gulf States and South
    Atlantic coast. At the surface, a weak cold front will continue to
    sag slowly south toward the Gulf Coast and northern Florida
    Peninsula.

    Ongoing precipitation and cloud cover at the start of the period
    across central Alabama and Georgia are expected to persist,
    gradually shifting south and east through the period. While
    thermodynamic conditions support thunderstorms, the overall severe
    threat should remain low due to weak low-level convergence and
    limited instability.

    ... Southern Alabama/Georgia and the Florida Panhandle ...

    Seasonably rich low-level moisture characterized by dewpoints in the
    low 60Fs will be in place ahead of the sagging surface boundary.
    Despite surface temperatures warming into the low 70Fs, widespread
    cloud cover and ongoing precipitation will likely limit overall
    diurnal heating.

    Modified soundings suggest a marginally unstable environments with
    MLCAPE ranging from 500-1000 J/kg. These buoyancy profiles appear
    tall and skinny, which, combined with the lack of stronger forcing,
    will limit the potential for robust updrafts. While hodographs are
    notably elongated, suggesting deep-layer shear should be sufficient
    for some storm organization, weak low-level kinematic fields and
    poor low-level convergence should preclude a sustained, organized
    severe threat.

    ... Florida Peninsula ...

    South of the primary frontal zone, additional thunderstorm
    development appears possible during the day on Friday across the
    Florida peninsula. Forecast soundings across the peninsula indicate
    the presence of a CAPE robbing capping inversion around 700 mb,
    although this inversion lifts during the day in response to subtle
    height falls associated with the synoptic trough. The associated
    warmer mid-level temperatures associated with the capping inversion
    will limit MLCAPE to between 500-1000 J/kg. Additionally, hodograph
    lengths decrease with southward extent, indicative of weakening
    deep-layer shear. Given this type of environment and the lack of
    focused forcing, any thunderstorm should remain disorganized and
    below severe limits.

    ..Marsh.. 02/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 26 17:27:37 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 261727
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 261725

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1125 AM CST Thu Feb 26 2026

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are expected over parts of the
    Southeast and Florida Peninsula on Friday. Severe thunderstorms are
    not currently forecast.

    ...Synopsis...
    A diffuse cold front analyzed in mid-morning surface observations
    across the southern Appalachians and mid-MS River Valley is expected
    to push southeast over the next 24 hours in a tandem with an
    upper-level shortwave trough. Thunderstorms will likely be ongoing
    early Friday morning along the front from southern AL and the FL
    Panhandle into southern GA, but some abatement through the
    early-morning diurnal buoyancy minimum is anticipated.
    Re-intensification of lingering convection and/or development of
    additional thunderstorms is expected along the FL Peninsula through
    the afternoon hours as modest heating yields SBCAPE values around
    500 J/kg to perhaps 1000 J/kg across southern FL. Broad-scale ascent
    associated with the passing upper wave will persist through the
    overnight hours; however, low-level convergence will steadily
    diminish along the stalling, frontolytic frontal zone, favoring
    mainly isolated to periodically scattered thunderstorms. An
    unfavorable displacement of the greater buoyancy across
    central/southern FL with the stronger mid-level flow further north
    will limit the potential for organized/severe convection.

    ..Moore.. 02/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 27 06:58:11 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 270658
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 270656

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1256 AM CST Fri Feb 27 2026

    Valid 281200Z - 011200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible across the Florida Peninsula, and
    from parts of northern California into southern Oregon on Saturday.
    Additional thunderstorms will be possible across the Southern Plains
    Saturday evening into early Sunday morning.

    ...Florida...
    A mid-level trough will be located in the eastern Gulf at the start
    of the period. Ahead of the trough, scattered thunderstorms are
    expected to be ongoing over parts of the southern and central
    Florida Peninsula, ahead of a cold front. Surface dewpoints in the
    mid to upper 60s F with MLCAPE in the 1000 to 1500 J/kg range may
    support a few strong thunderstorms during the early to mid
    afternoon. Convective coverage is expected to gradually decrease by
    early evening as the trough passes through the southern Florida
    Peninsula.

    ...Oklahoma/Northern Texas...
    Northwesterly flow at mid-levels will be in place over the southern
    Plains on Saturday. At the surface, a low will be present over
    northwest Texas, as a cold front moves southeastward across parts of
    Oklahoma into the Ozarks. To the south of the front, flow will be
    southerly from central and east Texas into southern Oklahoma. As
    moisture advection occurs during the afternoon and evening, surface
    dewpoints will increase into the lower to mid 50s F across a narrow
    corridor from north-central Texas into central and northeast
    Oklahoma. Isolated thunderstorms are expected to develop near the
    front along the moist axis during the late evening in northeast
    Oklahoma. As a subtle shortwave trough moves across the southern
    Plains overnight, a few storms may also develop further south across
    central and southern Oklahoma. Although hail will be possible with
    the stronger updrafts, the convection appears likely to remain below
    severe limits.

    ...Northern California/Southern Oregon...
    A mid-level low and an associated trough will move eastward toward
    the West Coast on Saturday. At the surface, surface dewpoints across
    the Sacramento Valley will be in the mid 50s F. Warming surface
    temperatures during the day should result in MLCAPE peaking around
    500 J/kg. As large-scale ascent increases ahead of the approaching
    trough over northern California, isolated thunderstorm development
    will be possible in parts of the Sacramento Valley in the afternoon.
    The instability combined with steepening low-level lapse rates could
    support a strong thunderstorm or two.

    ..Broyles.. 02/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 27 17:24:14 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 271724
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 271722

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1122 AM CST Fri Feb 27 2026

    Valid 281200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE
    SOUTHEAST FLORIDA COAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible across parts of
    the Florida Peninsula Saturday afternoon and evening. Thunderstorms
    are also anticipated across portions of northern California into
    Oregon and Nevada as well as Oklahoma into the Ozark Plateau.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad northwest flow regime is expected to persist across the
    CONUS through Saturday. Thunderstorm chances will largely be focused
    in proximity to a pair of embedded upper-level shortwave troughs
    over the eastern Gulf and off the northern CA coast. At the surface,
    a cold front associated with an intensifying cyclone over the
    Canadian Prairies will push south and east across the Plains and
    Midwest over the next 36-48 hours, eventually stalling across OK and
    the Ozark Plateau late Saturday into early Sunday morning. Weak
    ascent along this frontal zone will promote isolated thunderstorm
    chances.

    ...Florida...
    Mid-morning surface observations depict a cold front drifting
    southeast into the northern Gulf and Southeast. This feature is
    expected to gradually migrate southward over the next 48 hours as
    surface high pressure builds across the Southeast. However, gradual
    frontolysis is expected, which will help maintain the moist air mass
    building across southern to central FL, where dewpoints have
    increased to the upper 60s and low 70s. An upper wave over the
    northern Gulf will overspread the FL Peninsula around peak heating
    Saturday. Modest broad-scale ascent within a moist, weakly capped,
    and fairly unstable (1000-1500 J/kg MLCAPE) air mass should promote
    isolated to scattered thunderstorms. 30-40 knot mid-level flow
    attendant to the upper wave will allow for adequate hodograph
    elongation for organized thunderstorms capable of severe hail and
    damaging winds. Diminishing low-level convergence along the frontal
    zone casts uncertainty on overall storm coverage, but most 12z CAMs
    and global guidance show a consistent QPF signal along the
    southeastern FL coast where localized sea-breeze convergence/ascent
    may increase thunderstorm chances.

    ....Northern California and adjacent states...
    A low-amplitude upper disturbance is noted in morning water-vapor
    imagery well off the northern CA coast approaching the crest of the
    longwave ridge. This feature will begin moving inland across
    northern CA by late Saturday morning, reaching the western Great
    Basin by evening/overnight. An influx of moisture from the Pacific
    will support deep moistening of profiles across the region. This,
    combined with steepening lapse rates/cooling temperatures aloft,
    will support favorable buoyancy for isolated to scattered
    thunderstorms. MUCAPE is forecast to generally be near/below 250
    J/kg, but pockets of higher buoyancy (closer to 500 J/kg) appear
    possible based on recent CAMs, which may support storms capable of
    small hail and gusty winds.

    ....Oklahoma into the Ozark Plateau...
    Surface high pressure currently positioned over the Texarkana region
    will migrate east/southeast over the next 24 hours in the wake of
    the ongoing frontal passage into the northern Gulf/Southeast.
    Southerly flow on the western periphery of this high, coupled with
    modest lee troughing along the High Plains, will promote modest
    moisture return through Saturday evening. Isolated showers and weak thunderstorms appear possible Saturday afternoon within the
    low-level warm advection regime with a slight uptick in convection
    anticipated late evening/overnight as the approaching cold front
    settles into the region. Model consensus suggests buoyancy profiles
    will be too limited to support intense convection.

    ..Moore.. 02/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 28 06:39:47 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 280639
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 280638

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1238 AM CST Sat Feb 28 2026

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible on Sunday across parts of south
    Florida, the southern and central Plains, and in northern
    California.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A subtle shortwave trough will approach the Florida Peninsula on
    Sunday. Ahead of the trough, scattered thunderstorms will be
    possible across south Florida Sunday afternoon near a
    quasi-stationary front. Further west into the southern and central
    Plains, elevated thunderstorms will be possible Sunday evening into
    the overnight within west-northwesterly mid-level flow, from
    southeast Kansas southwestward across parts of Oklahoma. Finally,
    isolated thunderstorms may also develop Sunday afternoon as a
    shortwave trough moves inland across northern California. No severe
    threat is expected across the continental U.S. on Sunday and Sunday
    night.

    ..Broyles.. 02/28/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 28 17:16:19 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 281716
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 281714

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1114 AM CST Sat Feb 28 2026

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible on Sunday across parts of south
    Florida, the southern and central Plains, and in northern California
    Sunday afternoon and evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong cyclone traversing eastern Canada this morning will be
    followed by strengthening surface high pressure across the eastern
    two-thirds of the CONUS tomorrow. A weak trailing cold front
    associated with the Canadian cyclone will gradually migrate south
    into the Southeast and southern Plains. Isentropic ascent over the
    frontal zone will support isolated thunderstorms across portions of
    OK into southeast KS, southwest MO, and northwest AR tomorrow
    afternoon and evening. Although the kinematic environment is
    conditionally favorable for organized convection, meager moisture
    return and poor mid-level lapse rates should mitigate severe
    thunderstorm potential. There is a low chance for a strong
    thunderstorm across central OK during the evening hours per latest
    RRFS solutions, which depict better low-level moisture/buoyancy into
    OK and are aligned with recent RAP solutions environmentally.
    However, the consensus among other HREF members and calibrated
    guidance is that the RRFS is the outlier solution, which
    substantially limits confidence in the severe potential.

    Elsewhere, lingering showers and isolated thunderstorms are expected
    within a residual frontal zone across the southern FL Peninsula
    where an unstable, but weakly capped, environment should be in
    place. Along the West Coast, an upper-level trough pushing into
    northern CA and southern OR will support isolated thunderstorms as
    instability increases due to cooling temperatures aloft within a
    fairly moist air mass.

    ..Moore.. 02/28/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 1 06:35:55 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 010635
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 010634

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1234 AM CST Sun Mar 01 2026

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible on Monday and Monday night across
    parts of the central U.S., in south Florida, and from the
    Intermountain West into the central High Plains.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A mid-level shortwave ridge will move eastward across the Great
    Plains on Monday. At the surface, a front will become
    quasi-stationary across north-central Texas, as a ridge of high
    pressure remains over Kansas and western Oklahoma. To the south of
    the front, surface dewpoints will be mostly in the 50s F. Over the
    top of the post-frontal airmass, south to south-southwest flow will
    result in moisture advection. As low-level flow strengthens in the
    evening, a pocket of instability is forecast to develop from
    northwest Texas to central Kansas. After midnight on the northern
    edge of a consolidating low-level jet, scattered thunderstorms will
    be possible from north-central and northeast Kansas eastward into
    northern Missouri.

    Further to the west, additional storms will be possible in the
    vicinity of a mid-level trough from the Intermountain West into the
    central High Plains. Isolated storms may also develop in south
    Florida during the day. No severe threat is expected across the
    continental U.S. Monday and Monday night.

    ..Broyles.. 03/01/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 1 17:13:56 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 011713
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 011712

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1112 AM CST Sun Mar 01 2026

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible on Monday and Monday night across
    parts of the central U.S., in south Florida, and from the
    Intermountain West into the central High Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper low recently observed off the northern CA coast will
    continue to track eastward across the northern Great Basin and into
    the central High Plains through Monday night. Broad-scale ascent
    combined with cool temperatures aloft and a modest influx of
    mid-level moisture should support isolated thunderstorms from NV
    into the western Plains. Buoyancy will be maximized at peak heating
    across western to central WY, and with 30-40 knot mid-level flow in
    place, a few updrafts may be strong enough to support small hail.
    However, confidence in the overall severe risk is low owing to
    generally meager buoyancy profiles (characterized by lifted indices
    around -1 to -2 C) depicted in most morning guidance. Further east,
    diminishing thunderstorms may be ongoing at the start of the period
    across eastern OK into AR with additional development expected
    within a warm advection regime later in the day and overnight across
    KS, MO, and IL. Lingering showers and thunderstorms are expected
    again across southern FL within an unstable air mass, but limited
    ascent and weak winds through much of the CAPE-bearing layer should
    limit the potential for organized storms.

    ..Moore.. 03/01/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 2 06:59:01 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 020658
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 020657

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1257 AM CST Mon Mar 02 2026

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    WESTERN OKLAHOMA INTO SOUTH-CENTRAL AND EASTERN KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms with large hail will be possible Tuesday and
    Tuesday night from parts of western Oklahoma into south-central and
    eastern Kansas.

    ...Southern and Central Plains...
    At mid-levels, a shortwave trough will move eastward into the
    southern Rockies as flow remains southwesterly over the southern and
    central Plains. At the surface, a cold front will advance southward
    across Kansas during the day and into western and northern Oklahoma
    during the evening. Increasing large-scale ascent ahead of the
    approaching trough will likely support isolated thunderstorm
    development near the front and across the post-frontal airmass
    during the evening and overnight. NAM forecast soundings from
    western Oklahoma into south-central Kansas around midnight have
    effective shear of 40 to 50 knots, with 700-500 mb lapse rates in
    the 7.5 to 8 C/km range. This suggests that isolated large hail will
    be possible with rotating storms. The threat is expected to remain
    marginal and could persist into the early morning hours on
    Wednesday.

    ..Broyles.. 03/02/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 2 17:23:32 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 021723
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 021721

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1121 AM CST Mon Mar 02 2026

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM WESTERN
    NORTH TX TO EASTERN KS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated large hail may occur during Tuesday evening into Tuesday
    night across a portion of the southern to central Great Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    A lower-amplitude, positive-tilt shortwave trough, consisting of
    multiple embedded impulses, will gradually move east from the
    southern Rockies/eastern Great Basin to the central Great and
    southern High Plains through early Wednesday. A modest lee cyclone
    will ripple southward across the southern High Plains, mainly in the
    second half of the period. An eastward-extending initial warm front
    will stall and oscillate back southeastward as a cold front on
    Tuesday night. A dryline should mix east across much of the TX
    Panhandle through Tuesday afternoon.

    ...Northwest TX to eastern KS...
    Potential for sustaining deep convection along the dryline appears
    slim through late afternoon Tuesday, amid very steep mid-level lapse
    rates, modest boundary-layer moisture, and initially weak
    convergence along the boundary. Thunderstorm probabilities will
    increase during the evening as the surface front accelerates south,
    with the 06Z ECMWF and NSSL-MPAS indicative of convective
    development to the immediate cool side of the front in the southeast
    TX Panhandle vicinity. While the unconditional probability is low,
    there is potential for large hail within a conditionally favorable
    environment for a couple supercells. More probable, rather elevated
    convective development is anticipated farther north from northwest
    OK into south-central KS towards late evening into the overnight.
    Initially steep mid-level lapse rates and ample speed shear through
    the cloud-bearing layer should support isolated severe hail. But an increasingly predominant cluster mode and southeast progression of
    the surface front should yield subsiding hail magnitudes downstream
    in the early morning Wednesday.

    ..Grams.. 03/02/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 3 07:02:07 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 030702
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 030700

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0100 AM CST Tue Mar 03 2026

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS AND OZARKS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms are expected during the
    afternoon and evening on Wednesday from north-central Texas and
    southeast Oklahoma into northwest Arkansas and far southern
    Missouri. Large hail and isolated severe wind gusts will be the
    primary threats.

    ...Southern Plains and Ozarks...
    At mid-levels, a shortwave trough will move east-northeastward
    across the southern and central High Plains on Wednesday. At the
    surface, a cold front will move slowly southeastward across
    north-central Texas, southeast Oklahoma and south-central Missouri.
    Ahead of the front, surface dewpoints in the lower to mid 60s F will
    contribute to moderate instability by midday. Warming surface
    temperatures and increasing low-level convergence will support
    convective initiation along the front during the mid to late
    afternoon. More isolated development should take place south of the
    front across the moist sector. During the late afternoon and early
    evening, a line of strong to severe thunderstorms is expected to
    organize along and ahead of the front.

    Forecast soundings near the instability axis in the late afternoon
    north of the Dallas/Fort Worth Metro northeastward to Fort Smith,
    Arkansas have MLCAPE in the 1500 to 2000 J/k range with 0-6 km shear
    up to 40 knots. 700 to 500 mb lapse rates are forecast to be near 8
    C/km. This environment will support supercells and large hail,
    especially early in the event when cells are more likely to be
    discrete. During the early to mid evening, the storms should
    organize into a line. This may result an increased wind-damage
    potential. A marginal tornado threat will also be possible with
    supercells and rotating cells within the line. This line should
    persist and move into the western Ozarks during the evening as a
    low-level jet strengthens.

    ...Mid Mississippi and Ohio Valleys...
    West-southwesterly mid-level flow will be in place on Wednesday
    across much of the east-central U.S. An axis of moisture and
    instability will be in place from the mid Mississippi Valley
    east-northeastward into the Ohio Valley. Near this axis of
    instability, low-level flow is forecast to be maximized. This will
    create lift, supporting scattered thunderstorm development during
    the afternoon and evening on Wednesday. Forecast soundings along and
    near this axis in the late afternoon suggest that MLCAPE will be
    around 500 J/kg, and that moderate deep-layer shear will be present.
    In addition, 700-500 mb lapse rates are forecast to be steep,
    generally in the 7.5 to 8 C/km range. This should support an
    isolated large hail threat with cells that rotate. A marginal
    wind-damage threat may develop further west in the mid Mississippi
    Valley, where a few surface-based storms will be possible.

    ..Broyles.. 03/03/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 3 17:27:37 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 031727
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 031726

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1126 AM CST Tue Mar 03 2026

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTH TEXAS
    TO THE SOUTHERN MISSOURI AND ILLINOIS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms are expected during the
    afternoon and evening on Wednesday from north-central Texas and
    southeast Oklahoma into northwest Arkansas, southeast Missouri and
    southern Illinois. Large hail and occasional wind damage will be
    the primary threats.

    ...Southern Plains to lower OH Valley...
    A midlevel shortwave trough now over CO will progress eastward and
    reach the mid MS Valley by early Thursday, in response to an
    amplifying wave upstream over the Great Basin/CA. An associated
    weak surface wave will develop east-northeastward along a
    quasi-stationary baroclinic from the Ozarks to the lower OH Valley,
    and this baroclinic zone will serve as the primary focus for ascent
    and convection Wednesday into early Thursday. Boundary-layer
    dewpoints in the 60s will be prevalent along and south of the front
    by tomorrow, given the returning moisture already present from
    southeast OK into MS. The low-level moistening will occur beneath
    the eastern extent of an elevated mixed layer with 7-8 C/km midlevel
    lapse rates, per 12z soundings across the southern Plains. Surface
    heating in cloud breaks will contribute to MLCAPE near 1000 J/kg
    with diminishing convective inhibition along the front through the
    afternoon.

    Elevated convection could be ongoing at the start of the period
    across southeast KS/northeast OK in a zone of low-level warm
    advection. Storms will spread east-northeastward through the day
    toward southeast MO/southern IL and vicinity, while additional
    storms are probable along the front during the afternoon/evening
    from central/north TX into eastern OK/western AR. Deep-layer and
    low-level vertical shear will be sufficient for storm clusters and
    some supercell structures by late afternoon/evening closer to the
    path of the weak cyclone and midlevel trough across southern MO,
    where there will be the potential for large hail, damaging gusts,
    and a couple of tornadoes. Deep-layer shear will be weaker farther
    to the southwest toward TX where storms should be more
    isolated/discrete with an accompanying threat for large hail.
    Convection may persist through the overnight hours to the immediate
    cool side of the front.

    ..Thompson.. 03/03/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 4 06:58:44 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 040658
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 040656

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1256 AM CST Wed Mar 04 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected Thursday afternoon and
    into Thursday night from west Texas and the Texas Panhandle into
    western Oklahoma and south-central Kansas. Large hail and severe
    wind gusts, along with a couple tornadoes will be possible.

    ...West and Central Texas/Western Oklahoma/South-central Kansas...
    An upper-level trough will move eastward across the Intermountain
    West on Thursday, as flow remains southwesterly over the
    south-central U.S. Moisture advection will take place across the
    southern and central Plains. By midday, surface dewpoints will be in
    the 50s and 60s F across the moist sector, as a dryline develops
    over west Texas. Warming surface temperatures during the day will
    result in the development of moderate instability to the east of the
    dryline across much of west and central Texas northward into the
    eastern Texas Panhandle and western Oklahoma. By late afternoon,
    convective initiation is expected near and just east of the dryline
    on the Caprock of west Texas. These storms will grow upscale
    quickly, with multiple convective clusters moving eastward into the
    Low Rolling Plains of northwest Texas and into western Oklahoma.
    Additional storms are expected to form in south-central Kansas
    during the evening.

    Due to the system in the western U.S. and the associated
    southwesterly flow ahead of it, a strong low-level jet is forecast
    to develop during the late afternoon and early evening across the
    southern Plains. This feature will contribute to moderate deep-layer
    shear over much of the southern High Plains. NAM forecast soundings
    in the early evening from east of Lubbock northward into the Texas
    Panhandle have gradually veering winds in the low to mid-levels with
    around 35 knots of 0-6 km shear. In addition, 700-500 mb lapse rates
    are forecast to be in the 7 to 8 C/km range. This will be favorable
    for supercells with large hail and isolated severe gusts. In the
    late afternoon/early evening, 0-3 km storm-relative helicity is
    forecast to be in the 250 to 300 m2/s2 range, which will likely
    support a tornado threat with the most intense storms. As low-level
    moisture increases across parts of southern and central Kansas
    during the evening, additional strong to severe thunderstorms are
    expected to develop. A severe threat may eventually affect central
    Oklahoma and central to eastern Kansas from mid evening into the
    overnight period.

    ...Northern Kansas/Lower to Mid Missouri Valley/Western and Central
    Iowa...
    Southwesterly mid-level flow will remain in place over the central
    U.S. on Thursday. In response, strong moisture advection will
    continue from Thursday into Thursday night across the central Plains
    and lower to mid Missouri Valley. Scattered thunderstorms are
    expected develop across the region starting in the late evening,
    with storm coverage steadily increasing during the overnight as a
    low-level jet strengthens. Forecast soundings show a low-level
    temperature inversion, but develop weak instability aloft, with
    MUCAPE increasing into the 500 to 1200 J/kg range across much of
    northern Kansas, eastern Nebraska, western Iowa and northwestern
    Missouri. In addition, effective shear is forecast to increase into
    the 30 to 40 knot range. This environment will favor the development
    of elevated strong to severe thunderstorms, with isolated large hail
    and marginally severe wind gusts. The threat is expected to persist
    through late in the period.

    ..Broyles.. 03/04/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 4 17:28:46 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 041728
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 041727

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1127 AM CST Wed Mar 04 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms may develop on Thursday evening and persist
    into early morning Friday from northwest Texas to southern Kansas. A
    few tornadoes, damaging winds, and large hail could occur.

    ...Synopsis...
    A low-amplitude shortwave trough will quickly progress from the
    Mid-MS Valley to the Northeast. A broad positive-tilt upper trough
    will shift more slowly eastward across the West, reaching the
    northern High Plains to Four Corners by early Friday. Downstream lee cyclogenesis will occur over eastern CO through Thursday afternoon.
    A warm front will arc southeast and eventually east from this
    cyclone. A separate front will be oriented to the northeast and
    north, accelerating southeast over the northern Great Plains
    Thursday night. The dryline should only mix slightly east of eastern
    NM into far western parts of TX.

    ...Southern to central Great Plains...
    Deepening lee cyclogenesis over eastern CO through the day will
    yield increasing low-level moisture return beneath a pronounced EML
    from TX to KS. Initial severe-storm concern will develop in the late
    afternoon to early evening in the TX Panhandle/northwest TX vicinity
    and adjacent western OK. Guidance differs markedly with the degree
    of thunderstorm development along the surface warm front as it
    advances north. The HRRR/RRFS and MPAS runs are much more aggressive
    compared to the NAM-Nest and NSSL-ARW cores with sustained storms.
    Differential insolation/boundary-layer heating across the front and
    weak mid-level height falls may be adequate for storms ahead of the
    effective front/dryline intersection in the western TX Panhandle.
    Should sustained development occur, a strengthening nocturnal
    low-level jet will maintain an influx of low 60s surface dew points
    and surface-based instability into Thursday night.

    The initial setup would favor discrete supercells capable of large
    hail and at least a couple tornadoes amid a supercell wind profile
    and steep mid-level lapse rates. It is plausible that a
    longer-track/strong supercell or two could become established to the
    northeast through the evening into the early overnight in parts of
    western to north-central OK. However, upscale growth into a linear
    cluster with embedded supercells seems more probable into the
    overnight, capable of producing all hazards. But with some weakening
    of near-surface lapse rates anticipated, confidence is low on the
    degree of significant severe potential with northeastward extent.

    Elevated thunderstorms appear likely to develop farther north in the southwest/central NE vicinity and in a broader swath across the
    Mid-MO Valley overnight. Isolated severe hail and strong gusts could
    briefly accompany the more robust storms.

    ..Grams.. 03/04/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 4 17:37:17 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 041737
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 041735

    Day 2 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1135 AM CST Wed Mar 04 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHWEST
    TEXAS TO SOUTHERN KANSAS...

    CORRECTED FOR HEADLINE

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms may develop on Thursday evening and persist
    into early morning Friday from northwest Texas to southern Kansas. A
    few tornadoes, damaging winds, and large hail could occur.

    ...Synopsis...
    A low-amplitude shortwave trough will quickly progress from the
    Mid-MS Valley to the Northeast. A broad positive-tilt upper trough
    will shift more slowly eastward across the West, reaching the
    northern High Plains to Four Corners by early Friday. Downstream lee cyclogenesis will occur over eastern CO through Thursday afternoon.
    A warm front will arc southeast and eventually east from this
    cyclone. A separate front will be oriented to the northeast and
    north, accelerating southeast over the northern Great Plains
    Thursday night. The dryline should only mix slightly east of eastern
    NM into far western parts of TX.

    ...Southern to central Great Plains...
    Deepening lee cyclogenesis over eastern CO through the day will
    yield increasing low-level moisture return beneath a pronounced EML
    from TX to KS. Initial severe-storm concern will develop in the late
    afternoon to early evening in the TX Panhandle/northwest TX vicinity
    and adjacent western OK. Guidance differs markedly with the degree
    of thunderstorm development along the surface warm front as it
    advances north. The HRRR/RRFS and MPAS runs are much more aggressive
    compared to the NAM-Nest and NSSL-ARW cores with sustained storms.
    Differential insolation/boundary-layer heating across the front and
    weak mid-level height falls may be adequate for storms ahead of the
    effective front/dryline intersection in the western TX Panhandle.
    Should sustained development occur, a strengthening nocturnal
    low-level jet will maintain an influx of low 60s surface dew points
    and surface-based instability into Thursday night.

    The initial setup would favor discrete supercells capable of large
    hail and at least a couple tornadoes amid a supercell wind profile
    and steep mid-level lapse rates. It is plausible that a
    longer-track/strong supercell or two could become established to the
    northeast through the evening into the early overnight in parts of
    western to north-central OK. However, upscale growth into a linear
    cluster with embedded supercells seems more probable into the
    overnight, capable of producing all hazards. But with some weakening
    of near-surface lapse rates anticipated, confidence is low on the
    degree of significant severe potential with northeastward extent.

    Elevated thunderstorms appear likely to develop farther north in the southwest/central NE vicinity and in a broader swath across the
    Mid-MO Valley overnight. Isolated severe hail and strong gusts could
    briefly accompany the more robust storms.

    ..Grams.. 03/04/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 5 06:57:20 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 050657
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 050655

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1255 AM CST Thu Mar 05 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS INTO THE LOWER MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected from late afternoon
    Friday through Friday night across parts of the central and southern
    Plains northeastward into the mid to upper Mississippi Valley. The
    greatest potential for tornadoes, large to very large hail, and
    damaging winds is across eastern parts of Kansas and Oklahoma into
    western Missouri.

    ...Southern and Central Plains/Lower Missouri Valley...
    A strong upper-level system over the Desert Southwest, and an
    associated jet streak will eject northeastward across the central
    U.S. on Friday. At the surface, a moist airmass with surface
    dewpoints in the lower to mid 60s F will spread northward from the
    southern Plains into the eastern part of the central Plains and into
    the lower Missouri Valley. As surface temperatures warm on Friday,
    moderate instability will develop across most of the moist sector.
    During the day, a cold front will advance southeastward into central
    Kansas as a dryline sharpens over west-central Oklahoma. To the east
    of these surface features, convective initiation is expected along a north-to-south corridor from northeast Kansas south-southwestward
    along the I-35 corridor into south-central Oklahoma. A significant
    severe weather event appears likely across the southern and central
    Plains into the lower Missouri Valley this afternoon and evening.
    Additional more isolated storms are expected to form near the Red
    River southward across north-central Texas into the Texas Hill
    Country. These storms will move eastward toward the western Ozarks
    and Ark-La-Tex during the evening.

    A 70 to 90 knot mid-level jet will eject northeastward into the
    central Plains on Friday. The latest forecasts from the ECMWF have
    the jet coming through west-central Kansas positioned a bit further
    southeast. This will be a favorable location for a severe weather
    event across Oklahoma, Kansas and Missouri. NAM forecast soundings
    from Wichita to Oklahoma City in the late afternoon have 40 to 50
    knots of 0-6 km shear with 700-500 mb lapse rates approaching 8
    C/km. In addition, strong low-level shear is forecast with curved
    hodographs. This environment will be favorable for supercells with
    tornadoes, large hail and damaging wind gusts. The more dominant
    supercells should be capable of producing 2 inch diameter
    hailstones. Hailstones around 3 inches in diameter will be possible
    with the most intense supercells. In the early evening, 0-3 km
    storm-relative helicity is forecast to increase into the 300 to 450
    m2/s2 range, which will support a potential for strong tornadoes. As
    storm coverage expands in the mid to late evening, a severe line
    segment is expected to develop and move into the western Ozarks.
    Tornadoes and severe wind gusts will be possible with rotating cells
    embedded in the line and with bowing line segments.

    Further south into north-central Texas and the Texas Hill Country, a
    severe threat is expected during the afternoon and evening.
    Large-scale forcing will be more limited which will keep the storms
    more widely spaced. Forecast soundings in the late afternoon from
    Dallas/Worth southward into the Texas Hill Country have MLCAPE
    generally from 1500 to 2000 J/kg with 0-6km shear around 35 knots.
    700-500 mb lapse rates are forecast to be near 7.5 C/km. This should
    support supercells with potential for large to very large hail and
    isolated severe wind gusts. The potential for tornadoes should be
    greatest in north-central Texas, where low-level shear will be
    stronger.

    ...Mid to Upper Mississippi Valley/Southwestern Great Lakes...
    An upper-level trough will eject northeastward across the central
    U.S. this afternoon and evening. Strong moisture advection will take
    place ahead of the system from the mid to upper Mississippi Valley
    into the southwestern Great Lakes. Surface heating during the day
    will result in weak instability across much of the region with
    scattered thunderstorms developing. Some of the cells could be
    associated with an isolated severe threat. However, the greater
    severe threat is expected to develop in the mid to late evening, as
    an 70 to 90 knot mid-level jet moves into the region. With this
    feature, strong large-scale ascent will likely result in multiple
    organized line segments. The more intense components of these lines
    should have a potential for severe wind gusts. An isolated tornado
    threat will also be possible.

    ..Broyles.. 03/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 5 07:10:50 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 050710
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 050709

    Day 2 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0109 AM CST Thu Mar 05 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ...

    CORRECTED FOR TEXT

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected from late afternoon
    Friday through Friday night across parts of the central and southern
    Plains northeastward into the mid to upper Mississippi Valley. The
    greatest potential for tornadoes, large to very large hail, and
    damaging winds is across eastern parts of Kansas and Oklahoma into
    western Missouri.

    ...Southern and Central Plains/Lower Missouri Valley...
    A strong upper-level system over the Desert Southwest, and an
    associated jet streak will eject northeastward across the central
    U.S. on Friday. At the surface, a moist airmass with surface
    dewpoints in the lower to mid 60s F will spread northward from the
    southern Plains into the eastern part of the central Plains and into
    the lower Missouri Valley. As surface temperatures warm on Friday,
    moderate instability will develop across most of the moist sector.
    During the day, a cold front will advance southeastward into central
    Kansas as a dryline sharpens over west-central Oklahoma. To the east
    of these surface features, convective initiation is expected along a north-to-south corridor from northeast Kansas south-southwestward
    along the I-35 corridor into south-central Oklahoma. A significant
    severe weather event appears likely across the southern and central
    Plains into the lower Missouri Valley Friday afternoon and evening.
    Additional more isolated storms are expected to form near the Red
    River southward across north-central Texas into the Texas Hill
    Country. These storms will move eastward toward the western Ozarks
    and Ark-La-Tex during the evening.

    A 70 to 90 knot mid-level jet will eject northeastward into the
    central Plains on Friday. The latest forecasts from the ECMWF have
    the jet coming through west-central Kansas positioned a bit further
    southeast. This will be a favorable location for a severe weather
    event across Oklahoma, Kansas and Missouri. NAM forecast soundings
    from Wichita to Oklahoma City in the late afternoon have 40 to 50
    knots of 0-6 km shear with 700-500 mb lapse rates approaching 8
    C/km. In addition, strong low-level shear is forecast with curved
    hodographs. This environment will be favorable for supercells with
    tornadoes, large hail and damaging wind gusts. The more dominant
    supercells should be capable of producing 2 inch diameter
    hailstones. Hailstones around 3 inches in diameter will be possible
    with the most intense supercells. In the early evening, 0-3 km
    storm-relative helicity is forecast to increase into the 300 to 450
    m2/s2 range, which will support a potential for strong tornadoes. As
    storm coverage expands in the mid to late evening, a severe line
    segment is expected to develop and move into the western Ozarks.
    Tornadoes and severe wind gusts will be possible with rotating cells
    embedded in the line and with bowing line segments.

    Further south into north-central Texas and the Texas Hill Country, a
    severe threat is expected during the afternoon and evening.
    Large-scale forcing will be more limited which will keep the storms
    more widely spaced. Forecast soundings in the late afternoon from
    Dallas/Worth southward into the Texas Hill Country have MLCAPE
    generally from 1500 to 2000 J/kg with 0-6km shear around 35 knots.
    700-500 mb lapse rates are forecast to be near 7.5 C/km. This should
    support supercells with potential for large to very large hail and
    isolated severe wind gusts. The potential for tornadoes should be
    greatest in north-central Texas, where low-level shear will be
    stronger.

    ...Mid to Upper Mississippi Valley/Southwestern Great Lakes...
    An upper-level trough will eject northeastward across the central
    U.S. on Friday afternoon and evening. Strong moisture advection will
    take place ahead of the system from the mid to upper Mississippi
    Valley into the southwestern Great Lakes. Surface heating during the
    day will result in weak instability across much of the region with
    scattered thunderstorms developing. Some of the cells could be
    associated with an isolated severe threat. However, the greater
    severe threat is expected to develop in the mid to late evening, as
    an 70 to 90 knot mid-level jet moves into the region. With this
    feature, strong large-scale ascent will likely result in multiple
    organized line segments. The more intense components of these lines
    should have a potential for severe wind gusts. An isolated tornado
    threat will also be possible.

    ..Broyles.. 03/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 5 07:15:20 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 050715
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 050713

    Day 2 Convective Outlook CORR 2
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0113 AM CST Thu Mar 05 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS INTO THE LOWER TO MID MISSOURI
    VALLEY...

    CORRECTED FOR TEXT

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected from late afternoon
    Friday through Friday night across parts of the central and southern
    Plains northeastward into the mid to upper Mississippi Valley. The
    greatest potential for tornadoes, large to very large hail, and
    damaging winds is across eastern parts of Kansas and Oklahoma into
    western Missouri.

    ...Southern and Central Plains/Lower Missouri Valley...
    A strong upper-level system over the Desert Southwest, and an
    associated jet streak will eject northeastward across the central
    U.S. on Friday. At the surface, a moist airmass with surface
    dewpoints in the lower to mid 60s F will spread northward from the
    southern Plains into the eastern part of the central Plains and into
    the lower Missouri Valley. As surface temperatures warm on Friday,
    moderate instability will develop across most of the moist sector.
    During the day, a cold front will advance southeastward into central
    Kansas as a dryline sharpens over west-central Oklahoma. To the east
    of these surface features, convective initiation is expected along a north-to-south corridor from northeast Kansas south-southwestward
    along the I-35 corridor into south-central Oklahoma. A significant
    severe weather event appears likely across the southern and central
    Plains into the lower Missouri Valley Friday afternoon and evening.
    Additional more isolated storms are expected to form near the Red
    River southward across north-central Texas into the Texas Hill
    Country. These storms will move eastward toward the western Ozarks
    and Ark-La-Tex during the evening.

    A 70 to 90 knot mid-level jet will eject northeastward into the
    central Plains on Friday. The latest forecasts from the ECMWF have
    the jet coming through west-central Kansas positioned a bit further
    southeast. This will be a favorable location for a severe weather
    event across Oklahoma, Kansas and Missouri. NAM forecast soundings
    from Wichita to Oklahoma City in the late afternoon have 40 to 50
    knots of 0-6 km shear with 700-500 mb lapse rates approaching 8
    C/km. In addition, strong low-level shear is forecast with curved
    hodographs. This environment will be favorable for supercells with
    tornadoes, large hail and damaging wind gusts. The more dominant
    supercells should be capable of producing 2 inch diameter
    hailstones. Hailstones around 3 inches in diameter will be possible
    with the most intense supercells. In the early evening, 0-3 km
    storm-relative helicity is forecast to increase into the 300 to 450
    m2/s2 range, which will support a potential for strong tornadoes. As
    storm coverage expands in the mid to late evening, a severe line
    segment is expected to develop and move into the western Ozarks.
    Tornadoes and severe wind gusts will be possible with rotating cells
    embedded in the line and with bowing line segments.

    Further south into north-central Texas and the Texas Hill Country, a
    severe threat is expected during the afternoon and evening.
    Large-scale forcing will be more limited which will keep the storms
    more widely spaced. Forecast soundings in the late afternoon from
    Dallas/Worth southward into the Texas Hill Country have MLCAPE
    generally from 1500 to 2000 J/kg with 0-6km shear around 35 knots.
    700-500 mb lapse rates are forecast to be near 7.5 C/km. This should
    support supercells with potential for large to very large hail and
    isolated severe wind gusts. The potential for tornadoes should be
    greatest in north-central Texas, where low-level shear will be
    stronger.

    ...Mid to Upper Mississippi Valley/Southwestern Great Lakes...
    An upper-level trough will eject northeastward across the central
    U.S. on Friday afternoon and evening. Strong moisture advection will
    take place ahead of the system from the mid to upper Mississippi
    Valley into the southwestern Great Lakes. Surface heating during the
    day will result in weak instability across much of the region with
    scattered thunderstorms developing. Some of the cells could be
    associated with an isolated severe threat. However, the greater
    severe threat is expected to develop in the mid to late evening, as
    an 70 to 90 knot mid-level jet moves into the region. With this
    feature, strong large-scale ascent will likely result in multiple
    organized line segments. The more intense components of these lines
    should have a potential for severe wind gusts. An isolated tornado
    threat will also be possible.

    ..Broyles.. 03/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 5 17:32:25 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 051732
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 051730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1130 AM CST Thu Mar 05 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN EASTERN
    KS/OK AND WESTERN MO/AR...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SEPARATELY IN WEST
    TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected from late afternoon
    Friday through Friday night from parts of the southern Great Plains
    to the Midwest. The greatest potential for a couple strong tornadoes
    and isolated very large hail is across eastern portions of
    Oklahoma/Kansas and western portions of Arkansas/Missouri.

    ...Synopsis...
    Broad upper trough over the West should split into two distinct
    impulses by Friday night. The leading shortwave trough should eject
    from the Four Corners across the central Great Plains to the Upper
    Mississippi Valley, while a backside cutoff low evolves southward
    over the Lower CO Valley. Lead cyclone should track from the western
    KS vicinity across IA to the Upper Great Lakes. The dryline should
    mix towards central OK/TX through late afternoon. A surface cold
    front will accelerate southeastward across the central/southern
    Great Plains on the backside of the lead cyclone.

    ...Central/southern Great Plains into the Midwest...
    Overall forecast has substantial uncertainties as latest guidance
    trends towards a more bimodal and less robust setup across the level
    3-ENH risk vicinity. The most probable signal is for initial mid to
    late afternoon storm development to occur near the surface cyclone
    track in KS across the adjacent MO Valley. Strong deep-layer shear
    will support supercells near the immediate triple-point region and
    downstream warm conveyor, with primary risks of large hail and a
    couple tornadoes. But convection should grow upscale relatively
    quickly along the surface warm front, as well as the accelerating
    cold front. One elongated QLCS or a pair of QLCSs may evolve during
    the evening. The lead one should progress east-northeast towards the
    Lake MI vicinity with a threat for mainly damaging winds and a few
    embedded tornadoes, along the northern periphery of the
    surface-based instability plume. Farther south, the cold frontal
    QLCS should expand southwestward and progress more east-southeast. A
    mix of large hail, damaging winds, and perhaps a couple embedded
    tornadoes are plausible. But increasingly veered low-level winds
    near the front should taper the threat overnight.

    A separate region of low-level warm conveyor storm development is
    evident downstream of the OK/TX dryline, mainly along a portion of
    the Red River towards the Ozarks during the late afternoon to early
    evening. Low-level and deep-layer shear profiles will be
    conditionally favorable for discrete supercells, amid a richly moist
    boundary layer and sufficiently steep mid-level lapse rates. With
    near-neutral mid-level height falls and peripheral influence of the
    mid-level jetlet farther to the west/northwest, confidence is below
    average on longer-lived/stronger supercells becoming sustained. Have
    shifted the level 3-ENH risk to be centered on this region, where
    storm development at least appears increasingly probable on Friday
    night.

    ...West TX...
    Consensus of CAM guidance indicates an overnight corridor of storm
    development to the cool side of the accelerating cold front as it
    impinges on the western lobe of the TX buoyancy plume. Rather steep
    mid-level lapse rates and strong effective bulk shear could support
    a corridor of elevated large hail. The undercutting nature of the
    front suggests this corridor will remain spatially confined.

    ..Grams.. 03/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 5 17:33:54 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 051733
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 051732

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1132 AM CST Thu Mar 05 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN EASTERN
    KS/OK AND WESTERN MO/AR...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SEPARATELY IN WEST
    TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected from late afternoon
    Friday through Friday night from parts of the southern Great Plains
    to the Midwest. The greatest potential for a couple strong tornadoes
    and isolated very large hail is across eastern portions of
    Oklahoma/Kansas and western portions of Arkansas/Missouri.

    ...Synopsis...
    Broad upper trough over the West should split into two distinct
    impulses by Friday night. The leading shortwave trough should eject
    from the Four Corners across the central Great Plains to the Upper
    Mississippi Valley, while a backside cutoff low evolves southward
    over the Lower CO Valley. Lead cyclone should track from the western
    KS vicinity across IA to the Upper Great Lakes. The dryline should
    mix towards central OK/TX through late afternoon. A surface cold
    front will accelerate southeastward across the central/southern
    Great Plains on the backside of the lead cyclone.

    ...Central/southern Great Plains into the Midwest...
    Overall forecast has substantial uncertainties as latest guidance
    trends towards a more bimodal and less robust setup across the level
    3-ENH risk vicinity. The most probable signal is for initial mid to
    late afternoon storm development to occur near the surface cyclone
    track in KS across the adjacent MO Valley. Strong deep-layer shear
    will support supercells near the immediate triple-point region and
    downstream warm conveyor, with primary risks of large hail and a
    couple tornadoes. But convection should grow upscale relatively
    quickly along the surface warm front, as well as the accelerating
    cold front. One elongated QLCS or a pair of QLCSs may evolve during
    the evening. The lead one should progress east-northeast towards the
    Lake MI vicinity with a threat for mainly damaging winds and a few
    embedded tornadoes, along the northern periphery of the
    surface-based instability plume. Farther south, the cold frontal
    QLCS should expand southwestward and progress more east-southeast. A
    mix of large hail, damaging winds, and perhaps a couple embedded
    tornadoes are plausible. But increasingly veered low-level winds
    near the front should taper the threat overnight.

    A separate region of low-level warm conveyor storm development is
    evident downstream of the OK/TX dryline, mainly along a portion of
    the Red River towards the Ozarks during the late afternoon to early
    evening. Low-level and deep-layer shear profiles will be
    conditionally favorable for discrete supercells, amid a richly moist
    boundary layer and sufficiently steep mid-level lapse rates. With
    near-neutral mid-level height falls and peripheral influence of the
    mid-level jetlet farther to the west/northwest, confidence is below
    average on longer-lived/stronger supercells becoming sustained. Have
    shifted the level 3-ENH risk to be centered on this region, where
    storm development at least appears increasingly probable on Friday
    night.

    ...West TX...
    Consensus of CAM guidance indicates an overnight corridor of storm
    development to the cool side of the accelerating cold front as it
    impinges on the western lobe of the TX buoyancy plume. Rather steep
    mid-level lapse rates and strong effective bulk shear could support
    a corridor of elevated large hail. The undercutting nature of the
    front suggests this corridor will remain spatially confined.

    ..Grams.. 03/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 5 17:34:24 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 051734
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 051732

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1132 AM CST Thu Mar 05 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN EASTERN
    KS/OK AND WESTERN MO/AR...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SEPARATELY IN WEST
    TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected from late afternoon
    Friday through Friday night from parts of the southern Great Plains
    to the Midwest. The greatest potential for a couple strong tornadoes
    and isolated very large hail is across eastern portions of
    Oklahoma/Kansas and western portions of Arkansas/Missouri.

    ...Synopsis...
    Broad upper trough over the West should split into two distinct
    impulses by Friday night. The leading shortwave trough should eject
    from the Four Corners across the central Great Plains to the Upper
    Mississippi Valley, while a backside cutoff low evolves southward
    over the Lower CO Valley. Lead cyclone should track from the western
    KS vicinity across IA to the Upper Great Lakes. The dryline should
    mix towards central OK/TX through late afternoon. A surface cold
    front will accelerate southeastward across the central/southern
    Great Plains on the backside of the lead cyclone.

    ...Central/southern Great Plains into the Midwest...
    Overall forecast has substantial uncertainties as latest guidance
    trends towards a more bimodal and less robust setup across the level
    3-ENH risk vicinity. The most probable signal is for initial mid to
    late afternoon storm development to occur near the surface cyclone
    track in KS across the adjacent MO Valley. Strong deep-layer shear
    will support supercells near the immediate triple-point region and
    downstream warm conveyor, with primary risks of large hail and a
    couple tornadoes. But convection should grow upscale relatively
    quickly along the surface warm front, as well as the accelerating
    cold front. One elongated QLCS or a pair of QLCSs may evolve during
    the evening. The lead one should progress east-northeast towards the
    Lake MI vicinity with a threat for mainly damaging winds and a few
    embedded tornadoes, along the northern periphery of the
    surface-based instability plume. Farther south, the cold frontal
    QLCS should expand southwestward and progress more east-southeast. A
    mix of large hail, damaging winds, and perhaps a couple embedded
    tornadoes are plausible. But increasingly veered low-level winds
    near the front should taper the threat overnight.

    A separate region of low-level warm conveyor storm development is
    evident downstream of the OK/TX dryline, mainly along a portion of
    the Red River towards the Ozarks during the late afternoon to early
    evening. Low-level and deep-layer shear profiles will be
    conditionally favorable for discrete supercells, amid a richly moist
    boundary layer and sufficiently steep mid-level lapse rates. With
    near-neutral mid-level height falls and peripheral influence of the
    mid-level jetlet farther to the west/northwest, confidence is below
    average on longer-lived/stronger supercells becoming sustained. Have
    shifted the level 3-ENH risk to be centered on this region, where
    storm development at least appears increasingly probable on Friday
    night.

    ...West TX...
    Consensus of CAM guidance indicates an overnight corridor of storm
    development to the cool side of the accelerating cold front as it
    impinges on the western lobe of the TX buoyancy plume. Rather steep
    mid-level lapse rates and strong effective bulk shear could support
    a corridor of elevated large hail. The undercutting nature of the
    front suggests this corridor will remain spatially confined.

    ..Grams.. 03/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 6 06:55:29 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 060655
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 060653

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1253 AM CST Fri Mar 06 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL TEXAS
    TO THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY TO LOWER
    GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms are possible from
    Saturday morning into the evening across a broad swath of the
    southern Great Plains to the Lower Great Lakes. Isolated very large
    hail may occur in parts of Texas.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper shortwave trough, with multiple embedded shortwave
    impulses, will migrate east across the Midwest and Great Lakes
    regions on Saturday. Meanwhile, an upper low over the
    Southwest/Lower CO Valley will continue to retrograde, becoming
    positioned offshore from Baja CA by Sunday morning. At the surface,
    low pressure over the Upper Great Lakes will deepen as it shifts
    northeast across Ontario and Quebec. A trailing cold front will
    extend south/southwest from the low toward the Lower MO Valley and
    into north and central TX at the beginning of the period. This front
    will sweep east/southeast across the Midwest and Mid-South/TN Valley
    vicinity, while the Plains portion of the front develops southward
    across TX.

    ...Ohio Valley and Lower Great Lakes vicinity...

    Convection will be ongoing across portions of the region Saturday
    morning along outflow positioned well ahead of the synoptic cold
    front. Southwesterly low-level flow and the deepening surface
    cyclone over the Great Lakes will maintain upper 50s to low 60s F
    dewpoints across the region. Cloudiness and ongoing convection will
    limit surface heating. However, strong deep-layer southwesterly flow
    and modest destabilization (MLCAPE 500-1000 J/kg) will support
    sustained thunderstorm development into the afternoon/evening.

    The greatest risk for severe appears to be across the Upper Ohio
    Valley where some stronger heating is possible. Sufficient low-level
    speed shear will be present to enlarge low-level hodographs.
    Furthermore, 0-1 km SRH values near 150 m2/s2 are noted in some
    forecast soundings. However, linear convection is expected to be the
    main storm mode given boundary-parallel deep-layer southwesterly
    flow, promoting mainly a damaging wind risk. However, if any
    cellular convection develops, an isolated risk for marginally severe
    hail and a tornado or two also will be possible.

    ...TX into the Mid-South and Lower MS/TN Valleys...

    Convection is expected to be ongoing near the surface front Saturday
    morning. Some of this convection may be elevated as it quickly
    becomes undercut by the cold front, especially near the Red River
    into portions of AR. This activity may pose a risk for severe hail
    early in the period across north TX into southeast OK and parts of
    AR. Convection is expected to develop south and east along the front
    through the day. The downstream warm sector will be characterized by
    low to mid 60s F dewpoints beneath steep midlevel lapse rates,
    supporting MLCAPE in the 500-1500 J/kg range. Linear convection will
    be most predominant across the Mid-South into the TN valley where a
    risk for isolated to scattered wind damage and marginal hail will
    exist through the afternoon before a weakening trend ensues after
    sunset across the Deep South.

    Across TX, steeper midlevel lapse rates are forecast. Low level flow
    is expected to remain modest further removed from the upper
    shortwave trough and surface cyclone across the Midwest/Great Lakes.
    However, stronger heating, steeper low and midlevel lapse rates, and
    favorable wind profiles for organized supercells will support a
    corridor of severe hail potential from central TX toward southwest
    AR/northwest LA near the undercutting cold front. The strongest
    storms could produce hail in the 1.5-2 inch range.

    ..Leitman.. 03/06/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 6 17:28:32 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 061728
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 061726

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1126 AM CST Fri Mar 06 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN TX TO MS AND
    THE UPPER OH VALLEY/LOWER GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms are likely from Saturday
    morning into the evening across a broad swath of the southern Great
    Plains to the Lower Great Lakes. Isolated very large hail should
    occur over parts of Texas, centered on the south-central vicinity.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper shortwave trough, with multiple embedded shortwave
    impulses, will move east from the Upper Midwest to the Great Lakes
    regions on Saturday. Meanwhile, an upper low over the Lower CO
    Valley will continue to retrograde, becoming positioned offshore
    from Baja CA by Sunday morning. At the surface, a cyclone over the
    Upper Great Lakes will deepen as it quickly moves to QC. A trailing
    cold front will extend southwest from the low across the Lower MO
    Valley to central TX at 12Z Saturday. This front will sweep
    east/southeast across the Midwest, while the TX portion slows its
    southern progression through early Sunday.

    ...OH Valley/Lower Great Lakes...
    At least scattered convection will be ongoing in a broad swath
    along/ahead of the aforementioned front from the Mid-South to the
    central Great Lakes. Southwesterly low-level flow and the deepening
    surface cyclone into ON/QC will support upper 50s to low 60s
    dewpoints advecting towards western PA/southwest NY. Cloudiness in
    vicinity of the ongoing convection will limit heating immediately
    downstream, but a corridor of moderate insolation should develop
    from the Cumberland Plateau into a portion of the Upper OH Valley.
    This should support weak to modest MLCAPE of 500-1000 J/kg during
    the afternoon. Most guidance signals an uptick in convective
    intensity should occur as the large-scale outflow impinges on the
    stronger instability by early afternoon. Sufficient low-level speed
    shear will be present to moderately enlarge hodographs, however
    linear convection is expected to be the main storm mode given nearly
    parallel to the boundary deep-layer southwesterly flow. Scattered
    damaging winds from strong to isolated severe gusts should be the
    main hazard. A tornado or two and isolated marginally severe hail
    may occur in deeper updrafts.

    ...TX to the Deep South...
    Extensive convection is expected to be ongoing near the surface
    front at 12Z Saturday from the Mid-South to the TX Big Country. The
    western portion of this activity should be elevated with continuous undercutting by the south/southeastward-moving cold front, posing an
    initial severe hail threat. Linear convection will be most
    predominant from the Ark-La-Tex/Mid-South, sagging east-southeast
    across the Lower MS to TN Valleys, as it expands in coverage with
    downstream diurnal destabilization. Low-level shear will be
    strongest in the morning, before weakening through the afternoon. A
    brief tornado or two is possible early, but sporadic bursts of
    damaging winds should be the primary hazard, along with isolated
    severe hail. Linear clusters will probably persist into the evening,
    but shrink in areal extent on Saturday night, with a diminishing
    severe threat towards the central Gulf Coast.

    Over central to southern TX, steep mid-level lapse rates and greater boundary-layer heating, particularly closer to the Rio Grande,
    should support a plume of MLCAPE from 1500-2000 J/kg. Low-level flow
    will remain weak and slightly diffluent in the open warm-moist
    sector. Transient supercells are expected as the composite
    front/outflow ripples southeastward across the state through the
    evening. Large hail and isolated severe gusts should be the primary
    hazards. A more intense supercell or two remains plausible in a
    meso-beta corridor of south TX/Brush Country vicinity, capable of
    very large hail. This may warrant a level 3-ENH with a CIG2
    delineation in later outlooks.

    ..Grams.. 03/06/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 7 06:06:07 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 070606
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 070604

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1204 AM CST Sat Mar 07 2026

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE CAROLINAS INTO SOUTHEAST VIRGINIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated, marginally severe thunderstorms are possible on Sunday
    afternoon to early evening across parts of the Carolinas to
    southeast Virginia.

    ...Carolinas into southeast VA...

    An upper shortwave trough will quickly move from the Great Lakes and
    across the Northeast by Sunday evening. Another weaker shortwave
    impulse will move across the TN Valley during the afternoon before
    emerging over VA/NC by early Monday. A belt of enhanced
    southwesterly deep-layer flow will overspread the northern extent of
    a warm sector across southeast VA into NC/SC. Modest surface
    troughing is forecast across the Piedmont, but low-level convergence
    is expected to remain weak. A surface front will not move much
    through afternoon, but with time will begin to develop
    south/southeast across the region during the evening.

    Modest midlevel lapse rates and surface dewpoint in the 60s will
    foster weak destabilization. Isolated thunderstorm development is
    expected during the afternoon into evening ahead of the surface
    boundary. While low-level flow will remain weak, southwesterly flow
    aloft will increase rapidly, leading to around 25-30 kt effective
    shear magnitudes (somewhat higher across southeast VA/far northeast
    NC). A couple of organized cells could develop and pose a risk for
    locally strong gusts and marginally severe hail.

    ..Leitman.. 03/07/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 7 17:28:41 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 071728
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 071727

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1127 AM CST Sat Mar 07 2026

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE CAROLINAS INTO SOUTHEAST VIRGINIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated, marginally severe thunderstorms are possible on Sunday
    afternoon to early evening across parts of the Carolinas to
    southeast Virginia.

    ...Carolinas into southeast Virginia...
    A midlevel trough will move eastward across the Northeast, while a
    related cold front moves slowly eastward across the Appalachians and
    eventually to the East Coast late in the period. Ahead of the front,
    isolated thunderstorms are expected within a broad pre-frontal
    surface trough extending across the Carolinas into southeast VA
    during the afternoon. While midlevel lapse rates will be modest,
    diurnal heating/destabilization of a relatively moist air mass
    (lower/middle 60s dewpoints) will still contribute to weak
    surface-based buoyancy ahead of these storms. This, combined with
    around 30 kt of effective shear, may promote a couple loosely
    organized storms during the afternoon and early evening before
    quickly spreading offshore. The stronger storms will pose a risk of
    locally damaging gusts and marginally severe hail.

    ..Weinman.. 03/07/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 8 06:15:48 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 080615
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 080613

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1213 AM CST Sun Mar 08 2026

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    SOUTHERN ARKANSAS AND FAR NORTHERN LOUISIANA INTO MISSISSIPPI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible on Monday from the
    Arklatex into the lower Mississippi Valley.

    ...ArkLaTex and Lower MS/TN Valleys...

    A low-amplitude mid/upper shortwave trough will move from the
    southern Plains to the TN Valley through Monday afternoon/evening.
    In the absence of stronger height falls, little surface cyclogenesis
    is expected. Nevertheless, deep layer southwesterly flow will
    support persistent warm advection regime. Rich boundary-layer
    moisture (surface dewpoints in the mid to upper 60s F) will be in
    place across the Lower MS Valley beneath steep midlevel lapse rates.
    Pockets of stronger heating of the moist warm sector will support
    MLCAPE of 1000-2000 J/kg (particularly across southern AR/northern
    LA into MS). Supercell wind profiles are noted in forecast soundings
    amid 35+ kt effective shear magnitudes owing to strong mid/upper
    flow. Forecast hodographs also become elongated/straight above 2-3
    km.

    Large-scale ascent will remain modest and may limit storm coverage,
    but most CAMs guidance suggest at least a few storms will develop
    within the warm advection regime. Convection will mainly pose a risk
    for large hail (with some potential for hail up to 2 inch diameter)
    and localize strong wind gusts. Given moist low-levels and modestly enlarged/curved low-level hodographs, a tornado or two also may be
    possible, but is not expected to be the main hazard.

    ..Leitman.. 03/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 8 17:28:21 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 081728
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 081726

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1226 PM CDT Sun Mar 08 2026

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI AND TENNESSEE VALLEYS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are forecast on Monday across parts of the
    lower Mississippi and Tennessee Valleys into the Southeast.

    ...Lower MS and TN Valleys into the Southeast...
    A southern-stream, low-amplitude midlevel impulse and accompanying
    40-kt speed max will advance eastward from the central Plains into
    the TN Valley through the afternoon and evening. Steepened midlevel
    lapse rates accompanying this feature will overspread a plume of
    middle/upper 60s dewpoints, which combined with diurnal heating in
    cloud breaks, will contribute to 1000-2000 J/kg MLCAPE (highest over
    the Arklatex into the lower MS Valley).

    Initial thunderstorms should develop within a zone of weak/broad
    low-level warm advection preceding the midlevel impulse over the
    Arklatex vicinity, before spreading/developing eastward through the afternoon/evening. Around 40 kt of effective shear (with modestly
    enhanced low-level hodograph curvature) and the aforementioned
    buoyancy should support a mix of small organized clusters and
    supercells -- both posing a risk of large hail and locally damaging
    gusts. Any established semi-discrete supercells that evolve will be
    capable of producing very large hail up to 2 inches in diameter, and
    a tornado or two cannot be ruled out.

    ..Weinman.. 03/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 9 06:01:54 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 090601
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 090600

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0100 AM CDT Mon Mar 09 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS
    NORTHEAST MISSOURI...FAR SOUTHEAST IOWA...AND PARTS OF
    NORTHERN/CENTRAL ILLINOIS INTO NORTHWEST INDIANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are forecast on Tuesday from the
    southern Plains into the southern Great Lakes vicinity. All severe
    hazards are possible.

    ...Synopsis...

    A complex scenario for severe thunderstorm potential is expected on
    Tuesday and Tuesday night from the Southern Plains to the Mid-MS Valley/southern Great Lakes vicinity. A somewhat bi-modal severe
    risk appears possible within a split-flow upper level pattern. All
    severe hazards appear possible, especially within a corridor across
    portions of TX, and a second corridor from northern MO into
    northern/central IL and northwest IN.

    Expansive area of enhanced southwesterly flow will overspread the
    southern Plains into the Upper Great Lakes, aided by two separate
    upper troughs. The first is associated with an upper low/trough
    across northwest Mexico and the Southwest, which will shift east
    into the southern High Plains by Wednesday. The second is a broad
    but deepening upper trough moving across the northern/central Plains
    toward the Upper Midwest. Two areas of low pressure are expected to
    develop with the approaching of these upper systems, one over the central/southern High Plains and the other across the Lower
    MO/Mid-MS valley. A dryline/Pacific front will be oriented across
    western TX, while a warm front extends west to east from near
    northern MO/southeast IA into northern IL/IN. By evening, a cold
    front will begin to develop southeast across KS/MO/IA/IL/IN, and the
    Pacific front will shift east across central TX. These boundaries
    will be the focus for scattered to widespread thunderstorm
    development from late afternoon into the overnight hours.

    ...Mid-MO Valley to southern Great Lakes vicinity...

    Capping will likely suppress convection for much of the day within a
    strong warm advection regime. Surface dewpoints are expected to
    climb into the low/mid-60s south of the warm front beneath steep
    midlevel lapse rates. This will foster 1000-2000 J/kg MLCAPE by peak
    heating. Convection is expected to develop within the 21-00z time
    frame when a 40 kt low-level jet is expected to overspread the
    region. Supercell wind profiles are noted in forecast soundings,
    with hodographs exhibiting enhanced low-level curvature, with lengthened/straight hodographs above 2-3 km. Given a favorable
    thermodynamic environment, large hail to 2.5 inches appears possible
    with storms both within the warm sector and initial activity that
    may develop within the cooler air north of the front. Furthermore,
    any cells that develop within the warm sector and interact with the
    front will encounter enhanced low-level shear/SRH and tornadoes
    (some EF-2+) will be possible. With time during the evening,
    convection will likely grow upscale into one or more
    southeast-advancing linear segments near the advancing cold front.
    Damaging winds will be possible with this activity overnight.

    ...Southern Plains vicinity...

    Convection is expected to develop along the surface dryline across
    western TX by mid to late afternoon. Initial supercells are possible
    and could produce large hail (to around 2 inch diameter) and a
    couple of tornadoes. Convection may quickly grow upscale as the
    Pacific front overtakes the dryline and large-scale ascent increases
    rapidly by 00z.

    Uncertainty increases with northward extent across OK/KS into
    southern MO/AR. These areas will be within the broad warm sector and
    moderate to strongly sheared environment. However, this area will
    also be between the two areas of stronger ascent. Some capping may
    persist and it is unclear how convection may evolve across these
    areas.

    ..Leitman.. 03/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 9 17:29:26 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 091729
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 091727

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1227 PM CDT Mon Mar 09 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS CENTRAL
    ILLINOIS INTO NORTHWEST INDIANA AND ACROSS THE EDWARDS PLATEAU INTO
    CENTRAL TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are forecast on Tuesday from the
    southern Plains into the southern Great Lakes vicinity. All severe
    hazards are possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    A bi-modal severe weather event is expected Tuesday afternoon and
    evening across the Mid-West and portions of central Texas.
    Mid-morning surface observations/analyses reveal a surface low
    migrating eastward across the upper Great Lakes with a trailing cold
    front draped southwestward into the central Plains. Weakening winds
    behind the front suggest that this boundary will begin to stall
    later today across the Midwest/central Plains. Meanwhile, returning
    moisture is forecast to spread north over the next 24 hours as
    surface pressure falls and southerly winds increase across the
    Plains with the approach of the upper trough currently meandering
    over Baja California and a slight amplification of the upper wave
    over the north-central CONUS. This will help establish an expansive
    warm sector from southern Texas northward into the central Plains
    and Great Lakes region, bounded to the north by the stalled frontal
    boundary and to the west by a weak dryline/Pacific front. Strong to
    severe thunderstorms are expected within this warm sector as ascent
    along the Midwest frontal zone and across the southern Plains
    increases with the ejection of the upper trough late Tuesday
    afternoon into Tuesday night.

    ...Midwest...
    The greatest regional severe threat will likely be focused along the
    frontal boundary Tuesday afternoon and evening. Most guidance
    suggests the stalled cold front will advance northward as a warm
    front as low-level southerly flow increases within the warm conveyor
    belt of a developing cyclone over IA/northern MO, but the exact
    placement and orientation of the boundary, and any potential
    influence by cool lake-breezes off lower Lake Michigan, remain
    uncertain given spread between 12z CAM and global guidance.

    Regardless, strong isentropic ascent over the frontal zone coupled
    with ample low-level moistening and steepening mid-level lapse rates
    will support a convective environment favorable for well-organized
    convection along both the warm front and southwestward along the
    cold front across northern MO and KS. Effective SRH on the order of
    200-300 m2/s2 coupled with MLCAPE of 1500-2000 J/kg along/just south
    of the boundary will support the potential for tornadoes - including
    strong tornadoes - with any discrete supercell that can become
    established. Convection developing north of the surface fronts will
    still reside in a very favorable environment for elevated supercells
    capable producing large/very large hail (possibly in excess of 2
    inches). Upscale growth/clustering is expected through the evening
    hours, which should support an increase in severe winds. It remains
    somewhat unclear how quickly upscale growth will occur given
    along-boundary flow through a deep layer, and this may curtail the supercellular tornado threat if clustering occurs too quickly.
    However, based on latest forecast soundings and CAM guidance, the
    tornado potential will likely be greatest along the warm front
    across central IL between 21-02 UTC where low-level SRH and surface
    pressure falls/ascent will be maximized.

    ...Southern Plains...
    12 UTC soundings across the southern Plains sampled steep mid-level
    lapse rates already in place across the region. The onset of deep
    moisture return is noted along the TX Coastal Plain, which should
    spread north across central TX into OK by Tuesday morning.
    Isentropic ascent within the warm sector may support isolated
    thunderstorm development by late morning across north TX into the
    Texarkana region where capping should be weaker. By late
    afternoon/early evening, more widespread thunderstorm development is
    expected across central TX as strong height falls associated with
    the ejecting upper wave overspread the region. Initially discrete
    supercells will be capable of all hazards, through very large (2+
    inch) hail appears to be the most probable threat. Strong forcing
    for ascent will promote upscale growth through the evening with one
    or more bowing segments possible. Enlarging low-level hodographs
    associated with an increasing nocturnal jet may support embedded
    circulations within the developing squall line. 30% hail/wind
    probabilities were introduced to highlight the corridor of higher
    hail/wind threat from the Edwards Plateau into central TX.

    ..Moore.. 03/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 10 06:02:33 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 100602
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 100600

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0100 AM CDT Tue Mar 10 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE ARKLATEX
    AND LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY NORTHEAST THROUGH THE OHIO VALLEY AND MID-ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms are expected on Wednesday
    from the ArkLaTex and Lower Mississippi Valley northeastward through
    the Ohio Valley vicinity.

    ...ArkLaTex to Ohio Valley/Mid-Atlantic...

    A messy scenario is evident heading into Wednesday from east Texas
    northeast into PA/MD/VA. A northern stream upper trough will develop
    east across the Great Lakes/Midwest, while a southern stream
    shortwave trough moves across TX and the Lower MS Valley. A broad
    swath of strong southwesterly deep layer flow will overspread these
    areas, with a particularly strong jet max across the Ohio Valley
    (80-100 kt at 500 mb). At the surface, a cold front will be oriented
    from southern Lower MI into central OK Wednesday morning. A
    dryline/Pacific front will then extend southward across east-central
    TX. A surface cyclone is expected to deepen as it moves northeast
    near the international border and Lower Great Lakes through
    Wednesday evening. As this occurs, the surface cold front will
    develop southeast, eventually overtaking the TX dryline during the
    afternoon. This front will become oriented from the Mid-Atlantic
    coast to the central Gulf coast by Thursday morning.

    Ahead of the surface boundaries, a broad warm sector will be in
    place, with surface dewpoints into the 60s F as far north as PA. The
    strongest instability will likely be focused across the Lower MS
    Valley where dewpoints into the mid/upper 60s F are possible and at
    least some stronger surface heating will be possible. With northward
    extent, instability will decrease, but MLCAPE up to 500-1000 J/kg
    will be common across the Ohio Valley into VA. One of the main
    concerns/points of uncertainty precluding higher probabilities
    across the Ohio Valley vicinity is possible ongoing convection
    during the morning, and multiple rounds of convection within the
    broad warm advection regime limiting lapse rates/instability and
    greater severe potential. Nevertheless, intense deep-layer
    southwesterly flow will support damaging wind potential across a
    broad area and an outlook upgrade was considered for parts of
    southeast OH/northeast KY/southwest PA and western/northern WV. If
    enough destabilization occurs and a strongly forced line of
    convection develops, damaging gusts and a few tornadoes could occur.

    Further south into the ArkLaTex and Lower MS Valley vicinity, a line
    of convection is expected to be ongoing Wednesday morning.
    Deep-layer flow will not be as strong compared to further north, but
    still more than adequate for organized convection. Lapse rates are
    forecast to remain modest, but linear convection along the surging
    cold front will pose an all-hazards severe risk. Some forecast
    guidance suggests discrete convection could develop ahead of the
    line. If this occurs, some increased risk for tornadoes will
    develop, especially as storms merge with the line. However,
    confidence in this scenario is low. Depending on forecast trends,
    outlook upgrades could become necessary in subsequent outlooks.

    ..Leitman.. 03/10/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 10 17:29:50 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 101729
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 101728

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1228 PM CDT Tue Mar 10 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE LOWER
    MISSISSIPPI VALLEY INTO THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY AND MID-ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms are expected on Wednesday
    from the ArkLaTex and Lower Mississippi Valley northeastward through
    the Ohio Valley and Mid-Atlantic.

    ...Synopsis...
    Another day of scattered severe weather is anticipated for
    Wednesday. Two upper waves - evident in early-afternoon water-vapor
    imagery over the northern Rockies and northern Mexico - will
    traverse eastward over the next 24 hours. Substantial amplification
    of the northern wave is expected as it migrates into the upper OH
    Valley through the day. Strong broad-scale ascent ahead of the wave
    and within the left-exit region of a strengthening upper jet will
    promote steady intensification of a surface cyclone as it progresses
    from the Great Lakes into southeastern Quebec by Thursday morning.

    A broad fetch of southerly flow will support poleward moisture
    return as far north as the upper OH Valley by Wednesday afternoon. A
    trailing cold front attendant to the surface low will push
    east/southeast through the day, reaching the Mid-Atlantic and
    northern Gulf Coast by 12 UTC Thursday. Strong to severe
    thunderstorm chances will be focused along and ahead of this front
    through the day as it pushes east/southeast.

    ...Upper OH Valley...
    A corridor of higher severe wind, and perhaps tornado, potential may
    emerge across OH into parts of WV and western PA Wednesday morning
    into the afternoon hours. Latest guidance shows reasonably good
    agreement in a swath of pre-frontal 40-50 knot flow within the
    lowest kilometer overspreading the upper OH Valley. Within this
    strong flow field, guidance also depicts a pronounced plume of
    higher theta-e values advecting northward along the western
    Appalachians. The intersection of the strong flow with subtle
    low-level warm advection will likely support a corridor of
    regionally higher buoyancy and enhanced effective SRH (on the order
    of 200-300 m2/s2) favorable for well-organized convection, including supercells.

    The primary uncertainty pertains to antecedent storm coverage across
    the region during the morning hours. Residual convection from late
    Tuesday night will likely linger over the mid/upper OH Valley,
    though guidance shows some uncertainty regarding coverage and
    intensity of this activity. Sparse storm coverage should help
    maximize diurnal destabilization and will support a more robust
    severe threat. Greater coverage of morning convection will act to
    modulate the thermodynamic environment by muting the influence of
    daytime heating and the northward extent of richer moisture.
    Regardless, updraft/UH signals in CAM ensembles and recent
    calibrated guidance depict a corridor of stronger convection across
    far eastern IN into OH, WV, and southwest PA. Increased wind
    probabilities (30%) have been introduced across this corridor where
    one or more rounds of storms within a strong flow field will pose a
    threat for damaging/severe winds. Higher risk categories may be
    needed if morning storm coverage is minimal and a more potent
    thermodynamic environment emerges.

    ...Lower MS Valley...
    One or more broken bands of thunderstorms will likely be ongoing
    ahead of a Pacific front across the greater Texarkana region
    Wednesday morning. While some modulation in convective intensity is
    anticipated during the morning hours, continued lift ahead of the
    southern stream upper wave through peak heating will promote a re-intensification of thunderstorms by early afternoon. Southerly
    flow through a deep layer will promote along-boundary storm motions
    and maintain a linear storm mode through the day. An increase in
    storm coverage is anticipated through the lower MS Valley as the
    primary synoptic cold front pushes into the region by late
    afternoon. While low to mid-level flow fields are expected to weaken
    by early evening as the synoptic low accelerates away to the
    northeast, adequate shear will likely be in place during the
    afternoon hours to support organized segments capable of severe
    gusts and embedded circulations.

    Latest guidance continues to hint at the potential for discrete,
    pre-line convection across eastern LA into southern and central MS
    as heating and modest ascent erodes weak capping within the warm
    sector. Kinematic profiles - characterized by 40 knots of effective
    bulk shear and 100-150 m2/s2 0-1 km SRH - will support supercells
    capable of all hazards, though coverage and longevity of supercells
    remains uncertain given disparity between 12z CAM solutions and
    modest signals in calibrated guidance.

    ..Moore.. 03/10/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 11 05:33:06 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 110532
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 110531

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1231 AM CDT Wed Mar 11 2026

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A couple of strong thunderstorms producing gusty winds are possible
    across parts of the Southeast on Thursday morning into early
    afternoon. However, severe thunderstorm potential appears low.

    ...Southeast...

    An upper trough from the Great Lakes to the central Gulf Coast will
    pivot east, moving offshore the Atlantic Seaboard by late
    Thursday/early Friday. Thursday morning, a cold front will extend south/southwest from the Mid-Atlantic coast to southern AL.
    Scattered thunderstorms will be ongoing ahead of the front within a
    moist warm sector, mainly from the central portions of the Carolinas
    into southwest GA and the FL Panhandle. Mid and low-level lapse
    rates are forecast to remain modest (6-6.5 C/km), and limited
    heating downstream of the front through midday/early afternoon will
    be stunted by cloudiness. As a result, instability is expected to
    remain modest (500-750 J/kg MLCAPE). Deep-layer westerly flow
    parallel to the front will remain fairly robust, with 30-50 kt from
    850-500 mb. Coupled with weak instability, a few stronger storms
    producing mainly gusty winds will be possible across portions of
    northern FL into southeast GA, and perhaps portions of coastal SC.
    The front should move offshore by mid-afternoon (arcing
    southwestward across north FL and the eastern Gulf). Overall, severe thunderstorm potential appears limited.

    ..Leitman.. 03/11/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 11 17:23:47 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 111723
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 111722

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1222 PM CDT Wed Mar 11 2026

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE FLORIDA
    PANHANDLE INTO CENTRAL GEORGIA AND THE CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms may produce damaging winds
    across parts of the Southeast on Thursday morning into the
    afternoon.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong synoptic cold front is evident in latest surface
    observations pushing east/southeast across the OH Valley and lower
    MS Valley. Thunderstorm development will become increasingly focused
    along the front across the lower MS Valley and Southeast
    today/tonight, and will likely be still ongoing by 12 UTC Thursday. Thunderstorm potential will become increasingly confined to the FL
    peninsula by the evening hours as the front moves off shore.

    ...Florida Panhandle into central Georgia...
    Strong (40-50 knot) deep-layer wind shear will likely be in place
    across far southeast AL into southwest GA and the FL Panhandle at
    the start of the forecast period. While buoyancy will be marginal, a
    few isolated strong to severe thunderstorms appear possible within a
    convective band based on latest HREF/REFS ensemble output. A steady
    weakening trend is expected through the day as the band drifts into
    an environment with poor lapse rates over the FL peninsula/southeast
    GA, but a few instances of damaging winds appear possible during the
    12-16 UTC period.

    ...Carolinas...
    Heating ahead of the approaching cold front will likely support
    SBCAPE values of around 500 J/kg across the central to coastal
    Carolinas by mid-afternoon. Meager buoyancy/lapse rates will
    generally modulate convective intensity as thunderstorms develop
    along the front. However, 40-50 knot flow near the top of the
    boundary layer and around 40 knots of 0-3 km BWD may support loosely
    organized cells/clusters capable of sporadic damaging wind gusts
    before the front pushes off the coast.

    ...Northern Plains...
    Sporadic lightning flashes appear likely during the late afternoon
    hours amid low-level heating under a pocket of cold temperatures
    aloft associated with a robust clipper low. Strengthening winds
    within the lowest 0.5-1 km may support very localized stronger
    gusts, but confidence in a more robust severe threat remains
    limited.

    ..Moore.. 03/11/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 12 05:13:56 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 120513
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 120512

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1212 AM CDT Thu Mar 12 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...

    A diffuse surface boundary will reside across central FL on Friday.
    To the south of the boundary, a seasonally warm and moist airmass
    will be in place. This will support modest destabilization during
    the afternoon, and isolated thunderstorms may develop, mainly across
    south FL. Poor lapse rates, weak vertical shear, and a lack of
    forcing for ascent will preclude severe thunderstorm potential.

    ..Leitman.. 03/12/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 12 17:24:15 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 121724
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 121722

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1222 PM CDT Thu Mar 12 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A cold front currently pushing east towards the southeastern U.S.
    coast will continue to migrate offshore and southward along the FL
    peninsula through Friday morning. This boundary will eventually
    stall across south FL before gradually lifting north as a very
    diffuse warm frontal zone. Diurnal heating of a moist and largely
    uncapped environment will support thunderstorm development by early
    to mid-afternoon - especially along the southwestern FL coastline
    where sea-breeze interactions will locally augment ascent. Very weak
    flow through 6 km will limit the potential for organized severe
    thunderstorms, though the thermodynamic profiles may support very
    isolated strong downburst winds.

    Further north, an intense cyclone will traverse the lower Great
    Lakes into the Northeast through the day. Cold mid-level
    temperatures may support adequate instability for sporadic lightning
    flashes along the NY/PA border. Strong (40-50 knot winds) just above
    the surface may be mechanically mixed to the surface by any shallow
    convection that can develop, as hinted by recent HRRR solutions.
    However, morning guidance depicts considerable spread regarding CAPE availability that limits confidence in the overall lightning (or
    severe wind) potential.

    ..Moore.. 03/12/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 13 05:10:20 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 130510
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 130508

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1208 AM CDT Fri Mar 13 2026

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Saturday.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    On Saturday, a strong upper trough will dig into the Pacific
    Northwest and northern Rockies during the day, and into the northern
    and central High Plains by 12Z Sunday. To the east, an upper trough
    will exit New England, with rapid height rises across much of the
    Northeast overnight.

    At the surface, most of the CONUS will remain relatively stable for
    much of the period with high pressure ridge from the Great Lakes
    into the Southeast, and extending across the northern Gulf of
    America. The exception during the day will be over the FL Peninsula,
    where weak east to southeast winds will maintain mid to upper 60s F
    dewpoints.

    ...FL...
    Daytime heating and surface convergence will lead to a few
    thunderstorms by afternoon over the interior Peninsula and along the
    Atlantic Coast. Forecast soundings show relatively warm and dry
    midlevels, with lightly veering winds with height. The end result
    should be non-severe thunderstorms, though locally gusty winds are
    always possible.

    ...Elsewhere...
    Though little thunderstorm activity is expected through Sunday
    morning, a powerful upper trough will develop across the Rockies and
    into the High Plains into Sunday. Sporadic lightning cannot be ruled
    out over western WY and vicinity as the left-exit region of the
    midlevel jet moves overhead. A surface low will then develop
    overnight into the central Plains, and this will bring a warm front
    north into southern IA. Overall moisture at this time appears
    meager, but isolated lightning cannot totally be ruled out with any
    highly elevated convective showers Sunday morning across northern IA
    into MN and WI well north of the warm front.

    ..Jewell.. 03/13/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 13 17:30:23 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 131730
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 131728

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1228 PM CDT Fri Mar 13 2026

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Saturday.

    ...Discussion...
    A generally zonal pattern across the CONUS will become more
    amplified on Saturday with a trough developing across the Plains by
    the end of the period. A lack of moisture will limit severe weather
    concerns Saturday and Saturday night.

    Where greater moisture is present across Florida, isolated storms
    are expected on Saturday amid moderate instability and weak height
    falls. Shear will be on the weaker side (~25 knots) and mid-level
    lapse rates will remain weak. Therefore, an isolated stronger storm
    is possible, but more organized severe storms are not expected.

    Isolated thunderstorms may be possible north of the warm front from
    northern Iowa/southern Minnesota into southwest Wisconsin early
    Sunday morning given the strong isentropic ascent, but forecast
    soundings show relatively meager moisture/instability at this time,
    which may preclude more widespread thunderstorm development.

    ..Bentley.. 03/13/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 14 06:00:30 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 140600
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 140558

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1258 AM CDT Sat Mar 14 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    ARKLATEX NORTHEASTWARD INTO SOUTHERN ILLINOIS AND INDIANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A widespread damaging wind event with some tornado threat is likely
    late Sunday afternoon through Sunday night from northeast Texas to
    southwest Lower Michigan. The greatest wind damage threat appears to
    be from northeast Arkansas/western Tennessee to southern Indiana
    during the evening and overnight hours.

    ...Synopsis...
    A large upper trough will deepen on Sunday as it moves from the
    Plains toward the MS Valley, with an intensifying mid and upper
    level jet streak extending from Lake Michigan to northern MS into
    Monday morning. At the surface, low pressure will move from IA/MO
    into northern IL during the day, with further deepening overnight as
    it pivots into Lower MI. A strong cold front will extend south from
    the low, from IL into southeast MO and into eastern TX at 00Z. This
    front will accelerate across the OH, TN, and lower MS Valleys
    overnight, extending from OH to the FL Panhandle by 12Z Monday.

    A broad zone of gusty southerly winds will exist well ahead of the
    cold front over much of the region, aided by a mixed boundary layer
    and 40-60 kt 850 mb winds through the peak heating hours. An initial
    low-level moist plume will develop from eastern TX across AR and
    toward the lower OH Valley during the day, with dewpoints above 60
    F. Continued warm/moist advection will occur during the evening, as
    the low-level jet becomes very strong, ranging from 50-60 kt over
    the Gulf Coast states to 75 kt into IN, OH, KY. Dewpoints into the
    mid 50s F will likely reach across much of IL, IN, and far southern
    Lower MI.

    As the cold front encounters the developing moisture/instability
    plume, storms will likely develop from western IL/MO southwestward
    toward the ArkLaTex by 21Z, with a rapid upscale growth into a
    squall line/QLCS, peaking in the 00 to 06Z time frame across the
    heart of the Enhanced Risk area.

    Farther east, a secondary moisture plume will develop across GA and
    the Carolinas, possibly supporting isolated strong or severe storms
    across the Piedmont during the late afternoon and again overnight,
    and perhaps along parts of the coast.

    ...Northeast TX across the MS and OH Valleys and up to IN/OH/Lower
    MI...
    While instability is likely to be a limiting factor late afternoon
    and evening, strong large-scale ascent coupled with developing
    extreme shear profiles will likely result in corridors of damaging
    winds, with a few tornadoes as well. Shallow convection is likely to
    develop along the cold front from MO into western AR by early
    afternoon, with gradual strengthening as the air mass destabilizes.
    Storms are also expected to develop ahead of the cold front late in
    the day and into the evening, from southern IL into southeast MO and
    eastern AR, with increasing wind and tornado risk from IL/IN into
    western KY, TN, and northeast AR. The front will continue to push
    rapidly east and southeast overnight, with continued wind and
    isolated tornado risk from OH to the southern Appalachians. A
    conditional tornado risk will also exist overnight ahead of the
    front into AL/GA if cells can develop across the warm sector early
    Monday.

    ..Jewell.. 03/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 14 17:32:34 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 141732
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 141730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 PM CDT Sat Mar 14 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN THE ARK-LA-TEX/ARK-LA-MISS TO THE WABASH/LOWER OH VALLEYS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered to widespread damaging winds along with tornadoes should
    develop on Sunday afternoon, persisting through Sunday night across
    a large portion of the South-Central/Southeast States into the
    Midwest/Ohio Valley. The greatest strong tornado and significant
    severe wind threats appear to be from the Ark-La-Miss to the Lower
    Ohio Valley on Sunday evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper trough will amplify across the central states on Sunday and
    become centered from WI to the Ark-La-Tex by 12Z Monday. Associated
    surface cyclone will track from the IA/MO border to Lower MI,
    deepening Sunday evening/night. As this occurs, attendant cold front
    will accelerate eastward across the Mid-MS to the OH Valleys.
    Trailing portion of the front will sweep south-southeast into the
    northwest Gulf to central Gulf Coast through Monday morning.

    Primary changes with the level 3-ENH risk are to include a
    10-percent tornado area, southward expansion of 45-percent wind, and
    addition of 15-percent and CIG1 hail areas. Expansion of level
    1-2/MRGL-SLGT risk areas has occurred over the Southeast for mainly
    the 06-12Z period Monday. Uncertainty is greatest on the western
    extent for where convection should become severe, and the northern
    extent within a thermodynamically challenged environment.

    ...South-Central/Southeast States to the Midwest...
    In the wake of morning elevated convection over a portion of the
    Mid/Upper MS Valley, midday convective development should occur
    along the highly convergent surface front across a part of the
    Mid-MS Valley to the Ozarks. This activity may initially remain
    shallow, before deepening and greatly expand in coverage through the
    afternoon as it impinges on richer boundary-layer moisture towards
    the Ark-La-Tex and the Mid-South portion of the MS Valley. By late
    afternoon, an extensively long QLCS should become established from
    IL south-southwestward. Semi-discrete supercell development appears
    most favored along the southern portion of the broader convective
    plume near the front and downstream within a strengthening
    warm/moist conveyor. This should support potential for large hail
    and a couple strong tornadoes before supercells become absorbed
    within the broader QLCS during the evening. This scenario should
    also yield an increasingly pinched-off warm-moist sector from the
    Mid-South to TN Valley. Despite this aspect, substantial
    strengthening of 700-mb winds on either side of the front, initially
    across the Mid-South vicinity and expanding to the OH to TN Valleys,
    will yield a setup conductive for scattered to widespread damaging
    wind swaths through the evening.

    On Sunday night, the northern extent of the severe threat should
    become more sporadic as surface-based instability becomes/remains
    minimal. But the very fast lower-level wind fields may yield
    persistence of some damaging wind/brief tornado potential eastward
    in the OH Valley/southern Great Lakes. Farther south, there are
    increasing signals for renewed low-level warm conveyor convective
    development across the central to northeast Gulf Coast vicinity
    early Monday morning. Deep-layer shear profiles will be conducive to semi-discrete supercells just ahead of/merging into the progressive
    QLCS. This should foster a period of increased large hail/sustained
    tornado potential. Otherwise, damaging winds will remain favored
    from at least the FL Panhandle to the southern Appalachians.

    ..Grams.. 03/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 15 06:08:37 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 150608
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 150607

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0107 AM CDT Sun Mar 15 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHERN
    SOUTH CAROLINA ACROSS NORTH CAROLINA AND INTO VIRGINIA AND
    MARYLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widespread severe storms are forecast on Monday for parts of the
    Mid-Atlantic States and Southeast. Tornadoes, potentially strong,
    and particularly damaging winds are most likely from South Carolina
    into Maryland during the afternoon. Significant severe storm
    potential overall will extend from eastern Georgia/Florida Panhandle
    into Pennsylvania.

    ...Synopsis...
    A large and deepening upper trough will pivot northeastward out of
    the OH/TN Valleys, across the Appalachians and into the Mid Atlantic
    on Monday, while a surface low deepens into southern Quebec. A sharp pre-frontal trough will extend southward across NY, PA, and into the Carolinas/GA by late afternoon, with a corridor of significant
    pressure falls timed with the diurnal heating maximum. A cold front
    will push rapidly east across GA and the FL Panhandle during the day
    with a bit slower progress across the Piedmont and into PA. Gusty
    south winds ahead of the cold front will maintain 60s F dewpoints
    across the entire region, and as far north as southern PA, just
    after warm front passage by late afternoon.

    Just above the surface, southerly 850 mb winds will increase from 50
    to 75 kt, resulting in extreme shear profiles over a large area.
    Large-scale ascent and shear will increase coincident with the peak
    heating hours, resulting in a potentially widespread severe weather
    event during the afternoon.

    ...From Georgia and the Florida Panhandle...
    Early day storms may be ongoing from the southern Appalachians
    toward the FL Panhandle Monday morning, and the environment will
    already be favorable for supercells including tornado potential.
    Forecast soundings indicate substantial instability with mid to
    perhaps upper 60s F along with ample shear. These storms may also
    produce hail, as midlevel lapse rates approach 7 C/km.

    ...Carolinas into MD/PA and vicinity...
    Areas of showers may occur early in the day especially but should
    rapidly lift north, allowing areas of heating and gradual
    destabilization over the entire area. As the surface trough deepens,
    low-level wind will back and strengthen throughout the day.
    Supercells producing tornadoes appear most likely ahead of the cold
    front from SC into NC and southern VA. Models vary with degree of
    instability, but strong tornadoes do appear possible with effective
    SRH of at least 300-400 m2/s2. Fast storm motions over 50 kt suggest
    a long tracked tornado will be possible.

    Meanwhile, a robust line of storms will develop as the cold front
    pushes east, stretching from the Carolinas to southern NY. With a
    moist air mass and large-scale support, this line is expected to
    produce particularly damaging winds, along with QLCS tornadoes
    across the remainder of SC/NC, VA, MD, and much of southern PA. This
    will likely peak during the late afternoon hours. The activity may
    eventually interact with cool trajectories off the Atlantic during
    the evening.

    ..Jewell.. 03/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 15 17:32:41 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 151732
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 151730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 PM CDT Sun Mar 15 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN PARTS OF
    SOUTH CAROLINA...NORTH CAROLINA...VIRGINIA...MARYLAND...AND
    WASHINGTON D.C...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widespread severe storms are anticipated on Monday across the
    Southeast and Mid-Atlantic States. Tornadoes, some strong, and
    particularly damaging winds are most likely from parts of South
    Carolina to Maryland during the afternoon.

    ...Synopsis...
    An expansive upper trough from WI to the Ark-La-Tex will further
    amplify as the basal portion pivots rapidly northeastward towards
    the Appalachians. A deep surface cyclone over Lower MI will progress
    into QC, with an occluded front arcing southward to a minor low over
    western to central NY by Monday afternoon. A sharp cold front will
    extend south of this low across the Southeast into the northeast
    Gulf, sweeping east across the entire Atlantic Seaboard by 12Z
    Tuesday.

    ...East...
    No change has been made to the ongoing level 4-MDT risk, with some
    expansion of the 3-ENH in GA, as well as expansions of 1-2/MRGL-SLGT
    across NY and FL. The highly meridional deep-layer flow regime
    suggests that surface-based instability appears more likely to
    develop into NY on Monday afternoon. This type of flow regime, along
    with substantial early-day convection south, both render some
    uncertainty on intensity amplitudes for wind/tornado across much of
    the ENH-MDT risk areas.

    A broken band of pre-frontal convection should be ongoing at 12Z
    Monday from the lee of the southern Appalachians to the FL
    Panhandle. The downstream environment will already be favorable for
    supercells including strong tornado potential. With mid to upper 60s
    surface dew points and initially modestly steep mid-level lapse
    rates, a plume of moderate buoyancy with MLCAPE of 1000-2000 J/kg
    should diurnally expand from north FL through at least SC. Any
    semi-discrete supercells in this environment will have the potential
    to produce a strong tornado and large hail through early afternoon
    before large-scale outflow likely shifts offshore of the GA/north FL
    coast.

    Destabilization farther north from NC to the DE Valley appears more
    uncertain, with potential for near-coastal convection within the
    low-level warm conveyor limiting more expansive/robust
    boundary-layer heating. A plume of weak MLCAPE up to 1000 J/kg
    should still develop across the Piedmont into parts of the coastal
    plain. Although flow fields will be highly meridional, they will be
    quite strong with an intense 700-mb jet strengthening across the
    Southeast behind the surface cold front. This will yield enlarged
    low-level hodograph curvature across much of the pre-frontal
    warm-moist sector.

    Even weak boundary-layer heating will be sufficient for
    intensification of an extensive QLCS from western to central
    portions of NY/PA southward through VA/NC towards midday/early
    afternoon. Embedded supercell structures should be most pronounced
    south, where breaks in the QLCS are more probable. Some of these
    could be long-track with sporadic strong tornadoes, in addition to
    the background widespread damaging winds anticipated with the QLCS.
    This activity will eventually interact with cool trajectories near
    the coastal Atlantic and should result in waning of severe potential
    in the Northeast near sunset.

    ..Grams.. 03/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 16 05:45:19 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 160545
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 160543

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1243 AM CDT Mon Mar 16 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm potential appears negligible on Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Tuesday, a large upper trough will rapidly eject across the
    northeastern States, with a cold front over the western Atlantic and
    trailing southwestward across far southern FL/Straits at 12Z
    Tuesday. Dry air behind this front should continue to shunt moisture
    off the FL Peninsula, although an elevated band of weak instability
    may remain atop the cooler air mass. Overall, thunderstorm potential
    will be extremely limited for southern Florida, but a few showers
    and isolated lightning flashes cannot be ruled out.

    Elsewhere around the CONUS, cool and/or stable conditions will
    prevail, with high pressure at the surface.

    ..Jewell.. 03/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 16 17:31:22 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 161731
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 161729

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1229 PM CDT Mon Mar 16 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm potential appears negligible on Tuesday.

    ...Discussion...
    With the trailing portion of a cold front expected to have exited
    the Eastern Seaboard by 12Z Tuesday, any lingering deep convection
    near the front should be relegated to the FL Straits during the mid
    to late morning. An expansive surface anticyclone, initially
    centered over far southeast TX/Lower Sabine Valley vicinity, will
    maintain a pervasive continental air mass across the northern Gulf.
    Conditions will be too hostile for lightning-producing convection
    across the CONUS through the period.

    ..Grams.. 03/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 17 04:34:25 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 170434
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 170432

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1132 PM CDT Mon Mar 16 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A large upper trough will exist over the eastern states, with an
    upper high prominently situated over the Southwest. High pressure
    will cover most of the CONUS, with dry offshore flow from the East
    Coast into the Gulf of America. As such, the pattern will offer
    little potential for destabilization or thunderstorms. However,
    relative moisture from the Bahamas into the FL Straits may support a
    few weak oceanic thunderstorms, most likely just off the FL
    Peninsula.

    ..Jewell.. 03/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 17 16:38:23 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 171638
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 171636

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1136 AM CDT Tue Mar 17 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An amplified upper pattern characterized by a trough in the East and
    a ridge/upper high in the West will persist on Wednesday. Surface
    high pressure across the East/Southeast will foster offshore flow
    and a dry and stable airmass will prevail across most of the CONUS.
    Modest boundary layer moisture will exist across far South FL and
    the Keys, with a stalled front offshore across the FL Straits. A few thunderstorms are possible near this boundary, but are expected to
    mainly remain offshore.

    ..Leitman.. 03/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 18 05:31:27 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 180531
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 180529

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1229 AM CDT Wed Mar 18 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are unlikely on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper high will be centered over Arizona on Thursday, with a
    large-scale upper ridge from CA into the southern High Plains. East
    of there, northwest flow aloft will be maintained over the central
    states, as elongated upper troughing persists along the East Coast.

    At the surface, high pressure will be prevalent over much of the
    CONUS, with centers over the Great Basin and from the Mid Atlantic
    into the northern Gulf of America. Given this dry and stable
    pattern, thunderstorms are not expected.

    ..Jewell.. 03/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 28 05:47:08 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 280547
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 280545

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1245 AM CDT Sat Mar 28 2026

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible across the southern Florida
    Peninsula and portions of southern Arizona/southwest New Mexico
    Sunday afternoon and evening. Severe thunderstorms are not expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    Surface high pressure is gradually building across the central CONUS
    in the wake of a recent cold frontal passage. Aloft, broad-scale
    ridging will gradually shift east from the Southwest towards the
    lower MS Valley over the next 24 hours. The combination of dry
    conditions behind the front and broad subsidence/height rises will
    preclude thunderstorms for most regions. Exceptions to this will
    likely be the southern Florida peninsula and portions of Arizona and
    New Mexico. 00z soundings from south FL sampled sufficient low-level
    moisture for surface-based buoyancy, and further moistening is
    anticipated over the next 48 hours. While poor lapse rates and weak
    deep-layer shear will modulate thunderstorm intensity, a few
    thunderstorms appear possible given negligible capping and localized
    ascent within a residual frontal zone. Across southern AZ/NM, an
    influx of mid-level Pacific moisture coupled with strong
    heating/deep mixing will likely support around 250 J/kg SBCAPE by
    late afternoon. Weak ascent ahead of a mid-level disturbance and/or
    localized orographic ascent may support a few thunderstorms. Deep
    inverted-V profiles may support strong downburst winds, but
    thunderstorm coverage will likely be too sparse to warrant
    highlights.

    ..Moore.. 03/28/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 28 17:53:12 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 281753
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 281751

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1251 PM CDT Sat Mar 28 2026

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible across portions of southern
    Arizona and the southern Florida Peninsula Sunday afternoon and
    evening. Severe thunderstorms are not expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    A zonal flow regime will exist across the CONUS on Sunday, with the
    main upper jet situated across the northern States. Areas of cooler
    air aloft will exist from Baja CA and extending into parts of the
    Southwest, with warmer air aloft across the Gulf Coast.

    At the surface, a prominent area of high pressure will be centered
    over the Mid Atlantic, with ridge extending across the southeastern
    states and into the northern Gulf. A surface trough will develop
    across the High Plains, with early cycle moisture return across the
    Plains.

    Thunderstorm chances will be limited to parts of southern AZ during
    the late afternoon as heating, steep lapse rates aloft and
    increasing low-level moisture support marginal instability in a weak
    shear environment. Locally gusty winds are likely with storms over
    southern AZ.

    Elsewhere, a deep easterly low-level flow regime will exist across
    FL, and although midlevel lapse rates will be poor, heating along
    with deep moisture through 700 mb may support isolated
    thunderstorms.

    ..Jewell.. 03/28/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 29 05:58:47 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 290558
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 290556

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1256 AM CDT Sun Mar 29 2026

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY INTO THE GREAT LAKES REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible across portions
    of the upper Mississippi River Valley to Lower Michigan late Monday
    night into early Tuesday morning.

    ...Synopsis...
    A low-amplitude upper wave is forecast to progress along the
    U.S./Canadian border Monday through early Tuesday morning. Ahead of
    this wave, a surface cyclone will steadily intensify across the
    Plains as it migrates towards the upper MS Valley. Northward
    moisture return over the next 48 hours ahead of the surface low will
    likely result in mid to upper 50 dewpoints reaching the upper MS
    Valley and Great Lakes region by early evening. Concurrently,
    westerly flow aloft will advect 7-8 C/km lapse rates eastward
    towards the Great Lakes region. This combination of low-level
    moistening and steepening lapse rates aloft will yield a buoyant air
    mass within the warm conveyor region of the developing cyclone.

    Capping and mostly dry low-level conditions will preclude
    thunderstorm development during the day. After 00 UTC, a
    strengthening of the low-level jet will augment low-level moistening
    and isentropic ascent between 925-850 mb across the upper MS Valley
    and Great Lakes region. Thunderstorm development is expected between
    the 03-06 UTC period across northeast IA into southern WI/northern
    IL along the warm frontal zone. Westerly effective bulk shear values
    on the order of 30-40 knots will likely support storm organization,
    including the potential for elevated supercells initially, with an
    attendant large hail risk. With time, storm motions along the zonal
    frontal zone will promote upscale growth into one or more clusters
    as convection spreads east into MI. Some damaging wind threat may
    materialize with this activity depending on its proximity to the
    surface warm front.

    A more isolated hail threat appears likely across northern lower MI
    after 06 UTC as more focused isentropic ascent spreads north.
    Although convection will be elevated, elongated hodographs through
    the CAPE-bearing layer will promote organized cells with mainly a
    large hail threat.

    ..Moore.. 03/29/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 29 17:19:19 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 291719
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 291717

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1217 PM CDT Sun Mar 29 2026

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY INTO LOWER MICHIGAN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible across portions
    of the upper Mississippi River Valley to Lower Michigan late Monday
    night into early Tuesday morning.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A low-amplitude but intense shortwave trough will move across the
    northern Rockies during the day Monday, and will move into the
    northern Plains through 12Z Tuesday, with height falls arriving late
    into the upper MS Valley/Great Lakes.

    At the surface, low pressure will develop over the northern plains
    during they day, and will move into IA/southwest WI area by Tuesday
    morning. East of the low, a quasi-stationary front will extend
    across WI and Lower MI, with mid to upper 50s F dewpoints to the
    south. Meanwhile, a cold front will move to a southeast MN to
    western KS line by 12Z Tuesday.

    Though capping will inhibit development at least through 00Z,
    increasing theta-e advection along with the 40-50 kt 850 mb jet will
    lead to lift along/north of the stationary front, with isolated hail
    possible as far north as northern WI/Lower MI. Other isolated
    development may occur south of this boundary, depending on the
    degree of elevated CIN, from IA into IL. Hail would be the most
    likely threat.

    Late in the period and into Tuesday morning, lift will be strongest
    near the surface low, and scattered storms producing both hail and
    locally damaging gusts will be possible given the dry sub-cloud
    layer and steep lapse rates aloft.

    ..Jewell.. 03/29/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 23 17:29:36 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 231729
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 231728

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1228 PM CDT Mon Mar 23 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible on Tuesday across the
    central and north Florida.

    ...Synopsis...
    A surface cold front, now approaching the Piedmont, will move
    southward into FL and stall by Tuesday afternoon. Daytime
    heating/mixing along the stalled front, as well as local sea breeze circulations, will support the potential for widely scattered
    thunderstorms across central/north FL during the afternoon/evening.
    This area will be along the southern fringe of the stronger westerly
    flow aloft, and the combination of buoyancy and vertical shear does
    not appear favorable for severe storms.

    Otherwise, a midlevel shortwave trough will move over Vancouver/WA
    Tuesday into Tuesday night. Weak buoyancy rooted aloft will be
    possible in the warm advection zone preceding the midlevel trough,
    and steepening low-level lapse rates will allow shallow buoyancy in
    the post-frontal environment late in the forecast period. Isolated
    lightning flashes could occur and this area will be re-examined in
    later outlook updates.

    ..Thompson.. 03/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 24 05:52:10 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 240552
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 240550

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1250 AM CDT Tue Mar 24 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not expected through Wednesday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    A stout upper-level ridge will gradually shift east towards the
    southern Rockies through Wednesday. Broad-scale subsidence ahead of
    the ridge will help maintain dry conditions for most areas of the
    country. However, a few regions will see at least isolated
    thunderstorm chances. Deep convection appears most probable across
    portions of central Florida Wednesday afternoon where weak low-level convergence within a stalled frontal zone (aided by localized lift
    along sea-breeze boundaries) will support a few thunderstorms. This
    activity should remain sub-severe due to weak winds through much of
    the profile. A weak upper disturbance propagating into the
    Midwest/OH Valley overnight will likely support isolated
    thunderstorms after 00z as lift overspreads the northern fringe of
    returning low-level moisture, though buoyancy profiles will likely
    remain too meager to support robust/deep convection. Similarly, very
    cold temperatures aloft associated with a low-amplitude upper wave
    may support shallow convection and occasional lightning flashes
    across parts of the Pacific Northwest during the afternoon and
    evening hours. Strong diurnal heating/mixing along the slopes of the
    CO Rockies may support very isolated convection late Wednesday
    afternoon. Confidence in thunder potential is low due to very
    weak/nebulous forcing for ascent, but forecast soundings and
    convective signals from recent CAM guidance suggests at least a 10%
    chance for thunderstorms.

    ..Moore.. 03/24/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 24 16:54:42 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 241654
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 241652

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1152 AM CDT Tue Mar 24 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not expected through Wednesday night.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    An upper high will remain over the southwestern states on Wednesday,
    but will flatten across the Great Basin/Rockies as a strong upper
    wave moves from the Pacific Northwest and into the northern Plains
    by 12Z Thursday. East of there, an upper trough will continue to
    exist the Northeast/Maritimes region.

    At the surface, high pressure will remain over much of the East and
    extending into the Gulf of America, while low pressure develops over
    the northern Plains ahead of the approaching upper trough. By the
    end of the period into Thursday morning, a cold front should extend
    roughly from the Upper Great Lakes into the central Plains.

    While gusty southerly winds will develop over the Plains, moisture
    quality will be limited by the dry upstream trajectories out of the
    high. Still, this may be sufficient for isolated thunderstorms over
    small parts of the northern Plains and OH Valley overnight.

    Otherwise, scattered thunderstorms may develop over the FL Peninsula
    during the day due to strong heating and relatively cool
    temperatures aloft due to the trough to the northeast. Cold
    temperatures aloft over the Pacific Northwest may also support
    low-topped convection near/north of the intense midlevel jet.

    ..Jewell.. 03/24/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 25 05:58:16 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 250558
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 250556

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1256 AM CDT Wed Mar 25 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF THE
    MIDWEST AND GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms are expected late Thursday
    afternoon and evening across parts of the Midwest and Ohio River
    Valley. Very large hail, a few tornadoes, and severe winds will be
    possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    Latest GOES water-vapor imagery depicts an upper wave encroaching
    upon the Pacific Northwest/northern Rockies and southern British
    Columbia as it rounds the apex of a stout upper ridge situated over
    the West. This feature is expected to migrate eastward over the next
    48 hours, reaching the Great Lakes region by late Thursday.
    Early-morning surface observations reveal the early stages of lee
    cyclogenesis across the northern High Plains with a long fetch of
    southerly flow from the TX Gulf Coast into the Plains. While
    moisture return is currently fairly weak, a plume of upper 50s to
    low 60s dewpoints will spread northeastward into the Midwest/OH
    Valley by Thursday afternoon ahead of a southeastward moving cold
    front. Strong forcing along the front within a destabilizing air
    mass, combined with increasing mid-level flow attendant to the upper
    wave, will promote scattered strong to severe thunderstorms across
    portions of the Midwest and OH Valley Thursday afternoon and
    evening.

    ...Midwest/Great Lakes...
    Thunderstorm development is expected by late afternoon across the
    southern Lake Michigan region as the cold front begins to impinge on
    a plume of returning moisture. Stout capping at the base of an EML
    will likely limit initial storm coverage, and elongated hodographs
    (featuring 40-50 knot effective bulk shear values) will promote
    organization of discrete/semi-discrete supercells for at least an
    hour or two. Given the very favorable convective environment
    (characterized by SCP values upwards of 8-12), large to very large
    (2-3 inches in diameter) hail appears possible. However, it remains
    unclear how long storm modes will remain discrete with latest HRRR,
    RRFS, and MPAS solutions all suggesting relatively quick upscale
    growth along the front by early evening. These solutions appear
    reasonable given strong frontal ascent and deep-layer flow
    predominantly along the boundary. This may modulate the
    duration/coverage of the significant hail threat, and would favor a
    scattered severe wind threat downstream into IN and OH.

    Regardless, 200-400 m2/s2 effective SRH immediately ahead of the
    front will support some threat for tornadoes, including the
    potential for a significant tornado if supercells can be maintained
    just ahead of the front. Additionally, the consensus among HREF/REFS
    solutions is a northward shift in the primary severe risk corridor
    towards northern IL/IN, southern lower MI, and northwest OH. 15%
    hail and wind probabilities were adjusted accordingly. More isolated strong/severe storms appear possible with southwestward extent along
    the front into central MO, but confidence in storm coverage west of
    the MS River is limited due to displacement from the richer moisture
    and stronger upper-level ascent.

    ..Moore.. 03/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 25 17:25:20 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 251725
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 251723

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1223 PM CDT Wed Mar 25 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF NORTHERN AND CENTRAL ILLINOIS AND INDIANA INTO WESTERN OHIO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected late Thursday afternoon
    and evening across parts of the Mid-Mississippi and Ohio Valleys.
    Very large hail, a few tornadoes, and severe wind gusts will be
    possible.

    ...Mid-MS/OH Valleys...

    Several shortwave impulses are expected to migrate through initially zonal/low-amplitude westerly flow across the Midwest/Great Lakes
    region through late afternoon. Stronger height falls will occur
    across the region after 00z as a midlevel shortwave trough deepens
    across the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes. Despite the low-amplitude
    nature of this regime, mid and upper-level flow will be somewhat
    strong, with most guidance showing 40-60 kt at 850-700 mb
    overspreading the Mid-MS/OH Valley/Great Lakes region by afternoon.
    At the surface, a warm front will be oriented across central IA,
    extending eastward along the IL/WI and IN/OH/MI border at midday. A
    weak surface low/frontal wave will propagate along this zone, with
    the front sagging southward as a cold front by late afternoon into
    the evening. By the end of the period, the front will be oriented
    from the northern Mid-Atlantic southwestward through the Lower OH
    valley and into the southern Plains.

    Forecast soundings indicate capping could preclude warm sector
    convection for much of the daytime hours. In the absence of stronger large-scale ascent and surface cyclogenesis, the region will
    experience a broad warm advection regime, while low-level forcing
    along the front increases as it begins to march southward.
    Deep-layer flow will largely remain boundary-parallel, though
    backing low-level flow is expected near the front across the warm
    sector, enhancing low-level SRH. Boundary-layer moisture will be
    somewhat modest, generally in the low 60s F, through some pockets of
    mid-60s F dewpoints are possible, especially immediately ahead of
    the front. A plume of steep midlevel lapse rates will already be in
    place over the region, and this will aid in moderate
    destabilization, with MLCAPE values reaching 1000-2000 J/kg by peak
    heating.

    Supercell wind profiles are evident in forecast soundings, with enlarged/favorably curved low-level hodographs along the front and
    45+ kt effective shear magnitudes. Given strong deep-layer flow,
    hodographs also are elongated/straight. Supercells producing large
    to very large hail (greater than 2+ inch) are possible, even with
    potentially elevated convection to the cool side of the boundary. If
    any supercell can stay to the warm side of the surface front and
    maintain surface-based status, a tornado risk is also possible
    (possibly strong tornadoes). With time, convection is expected to
    develop into a line or bowing segments given orientation of
    deep-shear vectors to the surface boundary. Given strength of
    850-700 mb flow and steep lapse rates, damaging winds gusts are
    possible.

    The severe risk should diminish with south and east extent during
    the nighttime hours as storms approach the Ohio River.

    ..Leitman.. 03/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 26 05:47:23 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 260547
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 260545

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1245 AM CDT Thu Mar 26 2026

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are expected from the Ohio Valley into the
    Carolinas Friday morning into the afternoon, but severe thunderstorm
    potential appears limited.

    ...Synopsis...
    A cold front noted in 05 UTC surface observations across the
    northern Plains is forecast to push southeast over the next 48
    hours. Thunderstorms will likely be ongoing along the front across
    the OH Valley around 12 UTC Friday, but should gradually wane in
    coverage from west to east through late morning as frontal ascent
    shifts south into an air mass with poor mid-level lapse rates.
    Heating of a seasonally moist air mass across the Carolinas and
    southern Virginia (mid 50s dewpoints) will likely yield a pocket of
    MLCAPE values between 100-300 J/kg ahead of the front. Isolated to
    widely scattered thunderstorms are expected as the front pushes
    through during the mid to late afternoon hours. While 30-40 knot
    mid-level flow will overspread the region through peak heating, the
    general consensus among guidance, including the typically aggressive
    RRFS, is that buoyancy profiles will remain too marginal to support
    intense updrafts and a more appreciable severe threat.

    ..Moore.. 03/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 26 16:28:56 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 261628
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 261626

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1126 AM CDT Thu Mar 26 2026

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are expected from the Ohio Valley into the
    Carolinas Friday morning into the afternoon, but severe thunderstorm
    potential appears limited.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper trough will pivot across the eastern U.S. on Friday.
    Stronger deep-layer west/southwesterly flow will remain focused
    across portions of the Midwest/Great Lakes into the Northeast.
    Meanwhile, at the surface a cold front extending from the
    Mid-Atlantic to the southern Plains will develop south/southeast
    through the period, moving offshore by early Saturday. Ahead of the
    front, modest boundary-layer moisture (upper 50s to low 60s F
    dewpoints) will be in place across the VA Piedmont into the
    Carolinas. Steep midlevel lapse rates around 6.5-7 C/km are expected
    across the region, and will aid in weak destabilization near the
    front. NAM and RAP forecast soundings maintain capping across VA
    before the front moves through around midday. Further south across
    portions of NC, stronger heating may allow for sufficient mixing and
    erosion of weak midlevel capping. A couple of surface-based
    thunderstorms could develop near the front and produce gusty winds.
    However, overall severe potential is expected to be limited by weak
    instability and mostly anafrontal convective processes.

    Further west, isolated thunderstorms will be ongoing Friday morning
    near/just behind the cold front into the Ohio Valley. This activity
    should diminish with time and southward extent through the day.

    ..Leitman.. 03/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 27 05:51:28 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 270551
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 270549

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1249 AM CDT Fri Mar 27 2026

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible Saturday afternoon across
    portions of the Florida peninsula, but the potential for severe
    thunderstorms is low.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong cold front currently pushing southward across the Plains
    and OH Valley is forecast to reach central to southern Florida by
    Saturday afternoon. Continued displacement from the primary synoptic
    low and upper wave to the northeast will lead to a gradual abatement
    of frontal advancement and the onset of frontolysis through the day.
    Despite diminishing low-level forcing for ascent, event modest lift
    within an unstable and weakly capped environment will likely support
    isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms by peak heating into
    early evening. Very weak winds (less than 20 knots) through much of
    the column will limit storm organization and the potential for
    severe convection. Elsewhere across the country, dry and stable
    conditions in the wake of the frontal passage will limit
    thunderstorm potential.

    ..Moore.. 03/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 27 16:53:35 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 271653
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 271652

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1152 AM CDT Fri Mar 27 2026

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible Saturday afternoon across
    portions of the Florida Peninsula and Keys, but the potential for
    severe thunderstorms is low.

    ...Synopsis...

    Northwesterly flow aloft will deamplify as an upper trough shifts
    offshore over the western Atlantic. At the surface, a cold front
    will progress southward across the northern/central FL Peninsula.
    Strong heating and a seasonally moist airmass ahead of the front
    will support MLCAPE up to 1000 J/kg. Isolated to scattered
    thunderstorms are possible across the central/southern FL Peninsula
    and Keys by peak heating and into the early evening. However, very
    weak deep-layer flow and poor lapse rates will preclude severe
    thunderstorm potential. Elsewhere across the CONUS, a dry/stable
    airmass and strong surface high pressure centered over the Midwest
    will preclude thunderstorm activity.

    ..Leitman.. 03/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 30 06:01:24 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 300601
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 300559

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1259 AM CDT Mon Mar 30 2026

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE GREAT
    LAKES REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong/severe thunderstorms are expected through the day
    and into the evening hours Tuesday across parts of the Great
    Lakes/Midwest. Damaging gusts and hail are most likely. Isolated
    strong storms may also extend southwestward into parts of the
    southern Plains with localized hail/wind.

    ...Synopsis...
    A low-amplitude upper wave is noted in early-morning water-vapor
    imagery across the Pacific Northwest, meanwhile, a diffuse lee
    cyclone is noted in surface observations across the High Plains.
    Over the next 24-48 hours, this cyclone will intensify as it
    translates east across the Plains and into the Great Lakes region in
    tandem with the upper wave. Thunderstorm coverage will be greatest
    ahead of this low and along a trailing cold front with increasingly
    sparse convective coverage with southwestward extent into the
    Plains. Elsewhere across the country, isolated thunderstorms are
    expected across portions of Southeast states within a plume of
    returning rich low-level moisture as well as across the Southwest
    and northern Great Basin as ascent associated with a weak upper
    disturbance overspreads the region.

    ...Great Lakes...
    Isolated to scattered elevated thunderstorms will likely be ongoing
    early Tuesday morning within the warm frontal zone of the
    approaching cyclone. Based on latest high-res guidance, this
    activity should largely exit the upper Great Lakes region by early
    afternoon and allow for some degree of air mass recovery ahead of
    the approaching cold front. Westerly 40-50 knot shear vectors will
    likely support initially semi-discrete storm modes across portions
    of the upper MS Valley and Lake Michigan vicinity by early afternoon
    with an attendant large hail risk.

    With time, upscale growth along the front into one or more linear
    segments is expected - especially in close proximity to the surface
    low where forcing for ascent will be greatest. Latest HREF/REFS
    ensemble guidance continues to depict the strongest convective
    signal across lower MI and downstream into the Lake Erie region
    where low-level moistening should support MLCAPE values upwards of
    1500 J/kg ahead of the low. Additionally, low-level warm advection
    preceding the surface low will support 0-1 km SRH values on the
    order of 250 m2/s2 across the lower Great Lakes region. While it
    remains unclear whether or not discrete storms can develop within
    the diffuse warm frontal zone ahead of any convective
    lines/clusters, a tornado threat may materialize as convection moves
    into the favorably sheared environment during the evening hours.

    ...Southern Plains...
    Modest deepening of a lee trough/low across the southern High Plains
    will support some tightening of a dryline across western OK into
    adjacent portions of northwest TX as a cold front stalls across
    northwest OK. Ample heating/mixing and weak low-level convergence
    may sufficiently erode inhibition and provide adequate ascent along
    the dryline and/or cold front to support at least a few isolated
    thunderstorms. A combination of marginal deep-layer wind shear
    (25-30 knots of effective bulk shear) and dry low-level conditions
    may support an isolated hail and severe wind risk with the more
    robust convection.

    ..Moore.. 03/30/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 30 17:31:55 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 301731
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 301730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 PM CDT Mon Mar 30 2026

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE LOWER
    GREAT LAKES REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected through the day and into
    the evening hours Tuesday across parts of the Great Lakes/Midwest.
    Damaging gusts and severe hail are the main concerns. Isolated
    severe storms may also extend southwestward into parts of the
    southern Plains.

    ...Midwest and Great Lakes Region...
    Embedded within the mid-latitude westerlies, a low-amplitude
    midlevel wave and accompanying 80-90-kt speed max will advance
    eastward from the northern Plains/Manitoba across Ontario and Quebec
    through the period. In the low-levels, an east/west-oriented
    quasi-stationary warm front will extend from New England westward to
    a weak low over lower MI, with a cold front trailing
    west-southwestward from the low into the central Plains. In response
    to the migratory wave, the surface low will move eastward along the
    frontal zone during the day, before the trailing cold front
    overspreads the region during the evening/overnight hours.

    Showers and thunderstorms will likely be ongoing along the frontal
    zone on Tuesday morning, and it is unclear if/when this early-day
    activity will diminish, given persistent low-level warm advection
    amid deep moisture. Nevertheless, current expectations are that
    these storms and/or additional storms will intensify while
    spreading/developing east-southeastward across the lower Great Lakes
    into the Northeast during the afternoon. Here, upper 50s to lower
    60s dewpoints beneath steep midlevel lapse rates/EML will contribute
    to at least weak to moderate surface-based buoyancy along/south of
    the frontal zone. This buoyancy, coupled with 40-50 kt of effective
    shear, will favor organized clusters and the potential for a few
    semi-discrete supercells initially -- capable of producing scattered
    damaging wind gusts and some large hail. Given clockwise-curved
    low-level hodographs, a couple tornadoes cannot be ruled out either,
    though this remains more conditional. With time, upscale growth into
    several lines/clusters will promote a continued risk of damaging
    winds and some embedded tornado risk as storms spread
    east-southeastward into the evening/overnight hours. Depending on boundary-layer recovery, a greater severe risk may materialize from
    parts of lower MI into far southwest NY and northwest PA.

    ...Southern Plains...
    Strong diurnal heating amid steep deep-layer lapse rates along a north/south-oriented dryline should promote isolated thunderstorm
    development by late afternoon into the evening. Antecedent dry air
    and weak forcing for ascent cast uncertainty on storm coverage.
    However, any storms that do form will be capable of producing
    isolated large hail and locally severe gusts -- given moderate
    surface-based buoyancy and around 20-30 kt of effective shear.

    ..Weinman.. 03/30/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 31 06:03:29 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 310603
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 310601

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0101 AM CDT Tue Mar 31 2026

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHWEST
    TEXAS INTO CENTRAL OKLAHOMA...EASTERN KANSAS...AND WESTERN
    MISSOURI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are likely across the southern and central
    Plains on Wednesday afternoon and evening. Severe wind gusts, large
    hail, and a few tornadoes are the primary concerns. Isolated
    strong/severe storms are also possible over parts of the upper Ohio
    Valley into the Mid-Atlantic.

    ...Synopsis...
    By 12 UTC Wednesday, a stalled frontal boundary will likely be
    draped from the southern/central Plains eastward along the OH Valley
    and into the Mid-Atlantic. Aloft, a progressive upper wave will
    traverse the Southwest during the day, eventually ejecting into the
    southern Plains around or after 00 UTC. The approach of the upper
    wave will support lee cyclogenesis across southeast CO into western
    KS, which will foster northward advection of low 60s dewpoints
    (already noted in early-morning surface observations along the TX
    coast) into OK and eastern KS by late afternoon. The intensification
    of the low will also promote a northward advancement of the boundary
    as a warm front into northern MO and possibly southern IA by late
    evening, as well as the sharpening of a dryline across western OK
    into northwest and western TX through the day. Strong to severe
    thunderstorm potential will mainly be focused along/ahead of the
    dryline and in proximity to the warm front as the upper wave begins
    to eject during the early evening hours.

    ...Southern Kansas into Oklahoma and northwest Texas...
    Initiation along the dryline appears likely during the 21-00 UTC
    period across western OK into northwest TX as a combination of
    diurnal heating and increasing synoptic ascent act to erode
    inhibition. Elongated hodographs featuring effective bulk shear
    values between 35-45 knots will support initially discrete
    supercells capable of large/very large hail and tornadoes (though
    uncertainty persists regarding low-level SRH through early evening).
    Upscale growth is anticipated at some point during the evening
    hours, though there is some uncertainty on when this transition will
    occur and the primary threat becomes severe wind. Regardless, an
    increase in the nocturnal jet will enlarge low-level hodographs and
    maintain the tornado potential into the late evening hours.

    ...Eastern Kansas and western Missouri...
    Latest guidance shows fairly strong consistency in the development
    of semi-discrete convection along the lifting warm front across
    eastern KS into western MO during the late afternoon/evening hours -
    likely owing to weaker capping and focused low/mid-level warm
    advection that is noted in most forecast soundings. Veering winds
    within the warm frontal zone will support effective SRH values on
    the order of 200-300 m2/s2, and surface-based LCLs near or below 1
    km will likely support a tornado threat in addition to large/very
    large hail. While the potential for robust supercells is noted, the
    weak capping and focused ascent may promote thunderstorm clustering
    and upscale growth (as hinted by 00z HRRR/RRFS solutions) that could
    limit the longevity of these threats; however, the strong signal in
    guidance for deep convection within a favorable environment warrants
    an expansion of probabilities.

    ...Ohio Valley and Mid-Atlantic...
    Diurnal heating along and focused low-level ascent along the stalled
    boundary will likely support isolated to widely scattered convection
    by mid-afternoon. While mid-level flow will be somewhat modest
    compared to locations further west, sufficient hodograph elongation
    should promote at least a few more organized storms capable of
    posing a large hail threat. Deep-layer flow along the boundary may
    promote clustering during peak heating with an attendant threat for damaging/severe winds.

    ..Moore.. 03/31/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 31 17:32:05 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 311732
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 311730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 PM CDT Tue Mar 31 2026

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    WESTERN OKLAHOMA...WESTERN NORTH TEXAS...AND SOUTH-CENTRAL KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are likely across the southern and central
    Plains on Wednesday afternoon and evening. Severe wind gusts, large
    hail, and a few tornadoes are the primary concerns. Isolated
    strong/severe storms are also possible over parts of the Ohio Valley
    into the Mid-Atlantic.

    ...Southern Plains and Central Plains...
    A midlevel trough and accompanying 50-60-kt speed max will advance
    eastward from the Great Basin into the southern/central Plains by
    Wednesday evening. As related height falls overspread the High
    Plains, a lee cyclone will deepen over southeastern CO, while a southward-extending dryline sharpens over the southern High Plains.
    Ample diurnal heating and parcel residence time along the dryline
    will promote scattered thunderstorm development in the 20-00Z time
    frame -- aided by the strengthening large-scale ascent. Steep
    midlevel lapse rates associated with an EML and lower 60s dewpoints
    will yield 1500-2000 J/kg MLCAPE in the warm sector. This, combined
    with 40-50 kt of effective shear, will favor a mix of semi-discrete
    supercells and organized clusters/line segments initially.

    The risk of large to very large hail (some 2+ inch diameter) should
    be greatest with these initial semi-discrete storms over the
    southern/central High Plains. With time, the strengthening DCVA and
    expanding cold pools will promote upscale growth into a
    north/south-oriented band of storms with embedded supercell
    structures -- given elongated hodographs and a substantial
    line-orthogonal component to the deep-layer shear. Large hail will
    remain possible, though scattered severe wind gusts and a couple
    tornadoes will become the main concerns. Additionally, a 40-50+ kt
    low-level jet will strengthen ahead of the upscale-growing
    convection into the evening, resulting in expanding clockwise-curved
    hodographs and additional concerns for a few tornadoes. Higher
    tornado probabilities may eventually be needed once confidence in
    where the risk will be maximized spatially. Storms will track
    eastward across the I-35 corridor into the overnight hours and
    continue to pose a damaging-wind risk and perhaps embedded
    tornadoes. However, confidence in the overall severe-risk decreases
    with eastward extent.

    Farther north, additional thunderstorm development is expected near
    a warm front extending across northeastern KS and vicinity during
    the evening/overnight hours. While buoyancy will be weaker here,
    40-50 kt of effective shear and increasing low-level shear in the warm-advection regime will support organized clusters and
    potentially a couple supercells. The primary concern with these
    storms will be damaging wind gusts and a couple tornadoes.

    ...Ohio Valley into the Mid-Atlantic...
    Along/south of a stalled surface front, ample diurnal heating amid
    upper 50s/lower 60s dewpoints and limited inhibition should promote
    widely scattered thunderstorms from the middle OH Valley into the
    Mid-Atlantic during the day. While midlevel flow will be modest, a
    subtle speed max glancing the area should contribute to around 25-30
    kt of effective shear. This should promote a couple loosely
    organized clusters capable of producing damaging wind gusts and
    isolated, marginally severe hail. A relatively higher corridor of
    severe potential is possible over northern VA and vicinity, though
    confidence in storm coverage and overall intensity was too low to
    upgrade at this time.

    ..Weinman.. 03/31/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 1 06:00:41 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 010600
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 010559

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1259 AM CDT Wed Apr 01 2026

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE MIDWEST AND GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are expected across portions of the Midwest and
    Great Lakes regions Thursday afternoon and evening/night. Damaging
    winds, large hail, and a few tornadoes will all be possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    A surface cyclone is forecast to deepen as it lifts northeastward
    from the southern/central Plains into the upper MS Valley. This will
    help advect a plume of seasonally rich moisture (upper 50s to low
    60s dewpoints) northward into the Midwest and Great Lakes regions
    through the day and into the overnight hours. Residual convection
    emanating out of the mid-MS Valley during the morning hours is
    forecast to re-intensify by mid to late afternoon. Concurrently, a
    second round of thunderstorms is anticipated along the synoptic cold
    front along the MS Valley by late afternoon. Both rounds of
    thunderstorms will pose a risk of severe winds, tornadoes, and
    sporadic large hail as the regional wind field intensifies through
    the day.

    ...Midwest/Great Lakes...
    Latest guidance continues to depict broken convective bands
    (residual from overnight convection over the Plains) moving out of
    central and northern MO during the late morning/early afternoon
    hours. As the synoptic cyclone lift north, moisture advection will
    likely keep pace with the convection given 20-25 mph surface winds
    and 45-55 knot flow within the lowest kilometer. Diluted diurnal
    heating should support adequate (albeit very modest) destabilization
    for a re-intensification of convection by the mid-afternoon hours.
    Despite very limited buoyancy (MLCAPE values around 500 J/kg), the
    combination of very strong low-level flow and 250-300 m2/s2 0-1 km
    SRH will support organized lines with an attendant threat for severe
    winds and tornadoes. The northern and eastern extent of the
    wind/tornado threat remains somewhat nebulous and will be
    conditional on the quality of downstream destabilization.

    ...Mid/Upper MS River Valley...
    Air mass recover appears likely in the wake of early-morning
    convection across northern MO into IA/western IL with most forecast
    guidance depicting MLCAPE values upwards of 1000 to perhaps 1500
    J/kg MLCAPE. Forcing along the cold front to the south of the
    surface low will likely support semi-discrete convection that should
    propagate east/northeast into northern IL by late afternoon and
    evening. A combination of regionally higher buoyancy and strong
    low-level flow (similar 0-1 km SRH values between 250-300 m2/s2 are
    expected) will support a threat for semi-discrete cells capable of
    large hail, severe gusts, and a few tornadoes (including the
    potential for significant tornadoes).

    ...Mid-South...
    A moist and weakly capped environment across the Mid-South/lower OH
    Valley will support convection through peak heating. However,
    increasing displacement from stronger synoptic ascent and a lack of
    more focused mesoscale ascent will likely result in more isolated
    thunderstorm coverage. Nonetheless, deep-layer wind shear will
    support organized convection, including the potential for a
    supercell or two through early evening.

    ..Moore.. 04/01/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 1 17:32:15 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 011732
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 011730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 PM CDT Wed Apr 01 2026

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THURSDAY
    AFTERNOON AND EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF EASTERN IOWA...NORTHERN AND
    CENTRAL ILLINOIS...AND SOUTHERN WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of producing a few tornadoes appear
    probable across parts of eastern Iowa into southern Wisconsin,
    northern and central Illinois late Thursday afternoon and evening.
    Some of these tornadoes may become fast moving and strong.

    ...Discussion...
    While a notable mid/upper high persists across the southwestern mid-
    into subtropical western Atlantic, flow emanating from the northern mid-latitude Pacific is forecast to remain progressive into and
    across the Pacific coast through this period. Within this regime, a
    strong mid/upper jet streak, short wave trough and embedded
    mid-level cyclone are forecast to dig across the northern U.S.
    Pacific coast through the northern Great Basin/Intermountain Region
    and Rockies by early Friday. It appears that this will be
    accompanied by renewed surface cyclogenesis to the lee of the
    Colorado Rockies late Thursday through Thursday night.

    As this occurs, a preceding short wave trough, which has emerged
    from the southern mid-latitude Pacific, likely will be forced
    north-northeast of the central Great Plains through the Upper
    Midwest and upper Great Lakes region by late Thursday night. Models
    suggest that it will deamplify as it does, but an initially deep
    associated surface cyclone may maintain considerable strength as its
    center migrates from northeastern Kansas through northeastern Iowa
    by late afternoon, before undergoing more appreciable weakening
    while continuing across the eastern Wisconsin/Lower Michigan
    vicinity overnight.

    ...Great Plains into Mississippi Valley/Great Lakes...
    Considerable convective development may be ongoing at the outset of
    the period across the mid/lower Mississippi Valley into the Great
    Lakes, and southward across the eastern Great Plains into central
    Texas. Much of this is likely to be well in the process of
    weakening, particularly across the southeastern Great Plains, as the
    mid/upper wave continues accelerating across/north-northeast of the
    central Great Plains during the day.

    Due to still somewhat modest warm sector boundary-layer moisture,
    and convective cloud cover spreading downstream across the potential near-surface inflow environment, models suggest little potential for appreciable destabilization and re-intensification of the initial
    pre-cold frontal convective development as it spreads across and
    east of the mid/upper Mississippi Valley during the day.

    However, in its wake, a corridor of better pre-cold frontal
    low-level moisture return, beneath a plume of a steeper mid-level
    lapse rates associated with a developing dry slot, is forecast to
    contribute to at least a narrow corridor of substantive
    boundary-layer destabilization. It appears that this may include
    CAPE in excess of 1000 J/kg along/ahead of a developing
    dryline/closely trailing cold front, from the vicinity of the low
    across east central Iowa southwestward toward the Missouri Ozarks by
    20-21Z.

    Particularly near the surface low and warm front intersection,
    forcing for ascent probably will be sufficient to support intense
    convective development, in the presence of strong deep-layer shear
    and large clockwise-curved low-level hodographs (beneath a 50+ kt
    southerly 850 mb jet). This should, at least initially, include
    discrete supercell development with potential to produce tornadoes,
    before perhaps growing upscale while developing east-northeastward
    ahead of the surface cyclone into Thursday evening.

    Additional supercells are likely to continue developing
    south-southwestward along the trailing dryline, before it is
    overtaken by the cold front, toward the lower Missouri Valley.
    Embedded within south-southwesterly deep-layer mean flow on the
    order of 50+ kts, fast storm motions roughly aligned with the axis
    of destabilization could support a couple of long-lived/long track
    supercells with potential for strong tornadoes, before convection
    weakens Thursday evening.

    ..Kerr.. 04/01/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 2 06:06:18 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 020606
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 020604

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0104 AM CDT Thu Apr 02 2026

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTHERN
    IOWA INTO NORTHERN MISSOURI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An extensive squall line may develop across parts of the east
    central Great Plains late Friday afternoon, and perhaps become
    capable of producing widespread strong to severe wind gusts and a
    risk for tornadoes while advancing toward to the middle Mississippi
    Valley and southeastern Great Plains through Friday evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    Early-morning water-vapor imagery depicts an upper wave approaching
    the Pacific Northwest. This feature is forecast to translate
    east/southeastward over the next 48 hours, eventually ejecting into
    the central Plains late Friday afternoon into Friday evening. As
    this occurs, robust cyclogenesis is expected along a residual
    baroclinic zone across the southern to central Plains. Low to mid
    60s dewpoints will spread north from the southern Plains/Ozark
    Plateau into the Midwest as the baroclinic zone lifts northward as a
    warm front. By late afternoon a cold front will begin pushing
    southeast across NE, KS, and OK, which will support scattered to
    widespread thunderstorm development by early evening. Elsewhere,
    more isolated thunderstorms are expected along the warm frontal zone
    draped from the Midwest into the upper OH Valley.

    ....Iowa and northern Missouri...
    Regionally, the best convective environment will most likely emerge
    immediately south of the warm front and ahead of the developing
    surface low. Here, seasonally rich low-level moisture coupled with
    several hours of synoptic-scale ascent/cooling aloft will support
    MLCAPE values upwards of 2000 J/kg, and deep-layer shear magnitudes
    should be maximized within the warm sector given closer proximity to
    the upper jet. Latest ensemble guidance continues to show a
    favorable tornado environment along the northern fringe of the warm
    sector, characterized by effective SRH values on the order of
    200-250 m2/s2 and STP values likely increasing into the 2-4 range by
    early evening.

    This environment will likely support a threat for significant
    tornadoes given discrete storm modes; however, guidance continues to
    suggest that initially discrete cells developing along the cold
    front will likely grow upscale within a few hours. CAM solutions
    continue to vary regarding the possibility of pre-frontal supercell
    development along the warm front and/or within the warm sector.
    Limited confidence in a prolonged supercell tornado threat precludes
    higher tornado probabilities at this time, though the strongly
    sheared low-level wind profile will likely support an embedded
    tornado threat within the line to the south of the warm front. If
    pre-frontal supercells can develop along/near the surface warm front
    (as hinted by recent ARW and RRFS solutions) they will likely pose a
    threat for strong tornadoes. As the convective line matures and
    spreads east, severe gusts should become more prevalent, including
    the potential for a significant wind gust or two given the focused
    low-level mass response in close proximity to the surface low.

    ...Kansas into Oklahoma and northern Texas...
    Scattered to widespread thunderstorm development is anticipated by
    late afternoon along the trailing cold front from eastern KS into
    northern OK. Wind vectors through much of the profile will promote
    storm motion and orientation along the initiating cold front, which
    will result in quick upscale growth into a convective line.
    Propagation southeastward into the warm sector may be modulated by
    the mean southwesterly flow regime, though the line should
    eventually move east/southeast through late evening and overnight as
    the cold front advances southeast. While severe hail may be an
    initial threat as convection develops, strong to severe wind gusts
    should quickly become the predominant hazard with some threat for
    embedded circulations.

    Further southwest into southwest OK/northwest TX, weaker forcing for
    ascent will likely yield more sparse storm coverage but a higher
    probability for discrete cells. Forecast hodographs depict marginal
    low-level wind shear, but favorably elongated wind profiles aloft
    that will favor splitting supercells capable of producing large to
    very large (2+ inch) hail. There is also a signal in some guidance
    for somewhat more scattered, potentially elevated, convection
    developing by early afternoon across northwest to north-central TX
    within a weak warm advection regime. While confidence in how
    widespread or intense this activity will be is limited due to model
    variance, the environment should support organized cells capable of
    large hail.

    ...Ohio Valley...
    Ascent along the residual boundary should promote isolated
    thunderstorm by late afternoon as diurnal heating erodes inhibition.
    While deep-layer flow will be more modest compared to locations
    further west, 30-35 knot mid-level winds will help support a few
    organized cells capable of large hail and damaging gusts.

    ..Moore.. 04/02/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 2 17:26:22 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 021726
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 021724

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1224 PM CDT Thu Apr 02 2026

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FRIDAY
    AFTERNOON/EVENING FOR NORTHERN MISSOURI AND SOUTHERN IOWA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Storms are expected to evolve into an extensive line by Friday
    evening from Iowa to Oklahoma and northwest Texas, with the primary
    threats of large hail and damaging winds. A few tornadoes and
    isolated very large hail will be possible from northern Missouri
    into southern Iowa with any sustained supercells.

    ...Northern MO/southern IA area...
    A surface cyclone will progress northeastward from northeast KS to
    southern IA by Friday evening, and then continue to southern WI by
    early Saturday, in advance of a midlevel trough crossing NE/SD
    during the day and IA/MN overnight. Lingering steep midlevel lapse
    rates, boundary-layer dewpoints increasing into the 60s along and
    south of a warm front, and surface heating in cloud breaks will
    contribute to MLCAPE of 1500-2000 J/kg. Vertical shear will be
    sufficient for supercells in the warm sector east-southeast of the
    cyclone track, but there are concerns about a mixed/messy convective
    mode evolution. In a conditional sense, any sustained supercells
    will pose a threat for tornadoes and isolated very large hail (2+
    inches in diameter). All hazards will be modulated by the actual
    mode evolution, with more wind potential where a mode linear mode
    dominates. Have opted to maintain the ENH risk area, but confidence
    is low in the forecast details.

    ...Ozarks to northwest TX...
    Farther southwest, convection is expected to become rather
    widespread by Friday evening from the Ozarks across OK into north TX
    along and just ahead of a surface cold front. Weaknesses in
    low-midlevel flow are noted in forecast hodographs, which in
    combination with expected upscale growth along the front both cast
    doubt on the potential for sustained supercells. The more probable
    hazards across this area will be occasional large hail and wind
    damage Friday afternoon into early Friday night.

    ...Southwest TX...
    Isolated storm development will be possible Friday afternoon/evening
    along and east of the dryline and higher terrain, generally from the
    Trans Pecos to the Rio Grande. Isolated large hail/severe gusts
    will be possible in an environment sufficient for supercell
    structures.

    ..Thompson.. 04/02/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 3 05:50:55 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 030550
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 030549

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1249 AM CDT Fri Apr 03 2026

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE OHIO VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and hail will be possible
    Saturday afternoon and evening in parts of the Ohio Valley.
    Thunderstorms with isolated severe gusts and hail will also be
    possible from the southern Plains into the lower Mississippi Valley.

    ...Ohio Valley/Lower Great Lakes...
    An upper-level trough will move eastward across the north-central
    U.S. on Saturday, as an associated 60 to 75 knot mid-level jet
    translates eastward through the Great Lakes. At the surface, a cold
    front will advance eastward through the Ohio Valley. Ahead of the
    front, surface dewpoints will be in the lower to mid 60s F.
    Instability will increase along the moist axis during the day, with
    SBCAPE likely peaking in the 500 to 1000 J/kg range. Thunderstorm
    development will take place ahead of the front in the afternoon as
    low-level convergence gradually becomes focused. A line of strong to
    severe storms is expected to develop and move eastward across the
    Ohio Valley in the late afternoon and early evening. Additional
    strong to severe storms will be possible in the central Appalachians
    during the late afternoon.

    A gradual increase in deep-layer shear is expected across the Ohio
    Valley during the afternoon, as the upper-level trough approaches
    from the west. In central Ohio, forecast soundings increase 0-6 km
    shear from 25 knots at midday into the 35 to 40 knot range by late
    afternoon. In addition, 0-3 km lapse rates are forecast to increase
    to around 7.5 C/km. This environment should be favorable for
    organized multicell line segments with severe wind gusts. The
    greatest wind-damage threat is forecast from Ohio southwestward into
    far northern Kentucky during the late afternoon and early evening,
    as the right rear quadrant of the mid-level jet passes through. This
    will help strengthen large-scale ascent. Further east into the
    central Appalachians, large-scale ascent will be weaker, but a
    conditional threat for severe storms will exist as low-level lapse
    rates become steep in the late afternoon. A marginal severe threat
    may also develop southwestward into the mid Mississippi Valley,
    where instability and shear will be sufficient for isolated severe
    gusts.

    ...Southern Plains/Lower Mississippi Valley...
    The southern extent of an upper-level trough will move eastward
    across southern and central Plains on Saturday. At the surface, a
    cold front will advance southeastward through the Ark-La-Tex and
    Texas Coastal Plains. As surface temperatures warm during the day
    and low-level convergence increases near the front, scattered to
    numerous thunderstorms will develop. A large complex of storms will
    move east-southeastward toward the western Gulf Coast during the
    late afternoon and early evening. Over much of the moist sector,
    SBCAPE is forecast in the 1000 to 1500 j/kg range with 0-6 km shear
    of 25 to 30 knots. This should be enough for isolated severe wind
    gusts. Hail could also occur.

    ..Broyles.. 04/03/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 3 17:46:57 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 031746
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 031745

    Day 2 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1245 PM CDT Fri Apr 03 2026

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SATURDAY AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF SOUTHEASTERN INDIANA...NORTHERN
    KENTUCKY...MUCH OF OHIO...SOUTHEASTERN LOWER MICHIGAN...WESTERN
    PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK...

    CORRECTED FOR WORDING AND TYPOS

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms may develop and overspread the lower Great
    Lakes vicinity and middle through upper Ohio Valley Saturday
    afternoon and evening, accompanied by strong to severe wind gusts
    and potential for a couple of tornadoes.

    ...Discussion...
    As mid-level ridging builds further across the British Columbia and
    Pacific Northwest vicinity Saturday through Saturday night, models
    indicate that several digging downstream short wave troughs across
    the Canadian Prairies into the northern U.S. Great Plains may
    contribute to the northeastward acceleration of a notable mid-level
    low, now slowly turning eastward toward the middle Missouri Valley.
    In response to these developments, an initially modest surface
    cyclone associated with the lead perturbation is generally forecast
    to undergo substantive deepening while occluding across and
    northeast of the upper Great Lakes vicinity. A secondary cyclone
    may form across the southeastern Michigan through Lake
    Huron/Georgian Bay/adjacent Ontario vicinity by Saturday afternoon,
    with a trailing cold front continuing to advance east of the
    Mississippi Valley and southward through the southern Great Plains,
    into the Appalachians/lower Mississippi Valley/northwest Gulf coast
    vicinity by early Sunday.

    Initially cold, stable air to the north of a preceding front may
    remain entrenched across much of New England through this period,
    while widespread thunderstorm development today through tonight cuts
    off the advection of elevated mixed-layer air and associated steeper
    mid-level lapse rates to the east of the Mississippi Valley. At the
    same time, the impact of lingering pre-frontal convective
    development, associated surface outflow and northeastward/eastward
    advecting remnant cloud cover on subsequent destabilization within a potentially expanding warm sector across the mid/upper Ohio Valley
    and lower Great Lakes region remains unclear.

    ...Ohio Valley into lower Great Lakes region...
    Conditionally, a relatively moist (60+ F surface dew points) air
    mass within the evolving warm sector is likely to become conducive
    to organized severe thunderstorm development, including supercells,
    Saturday afternoon and evening. However, stronger mid/upper support
    for ascent may remain displaced to the northwest of much of the
    destabilizing warm sector, with strongest forcing for convection
    confined to the front, or, perhaps more likely, a conglomerate
    pre-frontal outflow.

    Although the signal in model output is not particularly strong, it
    appears possible that convection may begin re-intensifying along the
    leading outflow boundary while overspreading southeastern Lower
    Michigan into the lower Ohio Valley by early afternoon. As this
    occurs, strong lower/mid-tropospheric shear beneath south to
    southwesterly wind fields strengthening to 40-60+ kt in the 850-500
    mb layer will be more than sufficient to support organization and
    increasing risk for severe wind gusts and tornadoes. This threat
    likely will persist as activity overspreads much of the remainder of
    the Ohio Valley and lower Great Lakes region into Saturday evening.


    ...Parts of the Mid South into northwestern Gulf Coast...
    Weaker mid/upper forcing for ascent, deep-layer mean wind field and
    shear suggest more limited severe weather potential than further
    north. However, somewhat better boundary-layer moisture, including
    mid 60s F+ dew points, may contribute moderate CAPE ahead of
    southeastward advancing convective outflow. It appears possible
    that this could support re-intensification of convection that could
    become accompanied by sporadic damaging downbursts late Saturday
    afternoon into evening.

    ..Kerr.. 04/03/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 3 17:32:28 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 031732
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 031730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 PM CDT Fri Apr 03 2026

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SATURDAY AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF SOUTHEASTERN INDIANA...NORTHERN
    KENTUCKY...MUCH OF OHIO...SOUTHEASTERN LOWER MICHIGAN...WESTERN
    PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms may develop and overspread the lower Great
    Lakes vicinity and middle through upper Ohio Valley Saturday
    afternoon and evening, accompanied by strong to severe wind gusts
    and potential for a couple of tornadoes.

    ...Discussion...
    As mid-level ridging builds further across the British Columbia and
    Pacific Northwest vicinity Saturday through Saturday night, models
    indicate that several digging downstream short wave troughs across
    the Canadian Prairies into the northern U.S. Great Plains may
    contribute to the northeastward acceleration of a notable mid-level
    low, now slowly turning eastward toward the middle Missouri Valley.
    In response to these developments, an initially modest surface
    cyclone associated with the lead perturbation is generally forecast
    to undergo substantive deepening while occluding across and
    northeast of the upper Great Lakes vicinity. A secondary cyclone
    may form across the southeastern Michigan through Lake
    Huron/Georgian Bay/adjacent Ontario vicinity by Saturday afternoon,
    with a trailing cold front continuing to advance east of the
    Mississippi Valley and southward through the southern Great Plains,
    into the Appalachians/lower Mississippi Valley/northwest Gulf coast
    vicinity by early Sunday.

    Initially cold, stable air to the north of a preceding front may
    remain entrenched across much of New England through this period,
    while widespread thunderstorm development today through tonight cuts
    off the advection of elevated mixed-layer air and associated steeper
    mid-level lapse rates to the east of the Mississippi Valley. At the
    same time the impact of lingering pre-frontal convective
    development, associated surface outflow and northeastward/eastward
    advecting remnant cloud cover on subsequent destabilization within a potentially expanding warm sector across the mid/upper Ohio Valley
    and lower Great Lakes region remain unclear.

    ...Ohio Valley into lower Great Lakes region...
    Conditionally, a relatively moist (60+ F surface dew points) within
    the evolving warm sector is likely to become conducive to organized
    severe thunderstorm development, including supercells, Saturday
    afternoon and evening. However, stronger mid/upper support for
    ascent may remain displaced to the northwest of much of the
    destabilizing warm sector, with strongest forcing for convection
    confined to the front, or, perhaps more likely, a conglomerate
    pre-frontal outflow. Although the signal in model output is not
    particularly strong, it appears possible that convection may begin re-intensifying along the leading outflow boundary while
    overspreading southeastern Lower Michigan into the lower Ohio Valley
    by early afternoon. As this occurs, strong lower/mid-tropospheric
    shear beneath south to southwesterly wind fields strengthening to
    40-60+ kt in the 850-500 mb layer will be more than sufficient to
    support organization and increasing risk for severe wind gusts and
    tornadoes. This threat likely will persist as activity overspreads
    much of the remainder of the Ohio Valley and lower Great Lakes
    region into Saturday evening.

    ...Parts of the Mid South into northwestern Gulf Coast...
    Weaker mid/upper forcing for ascent, deep-layer mean wind field and
    shear suggest more limited severe weather potential than further
    north. However, somewhat better boundary-layer moisture, including
    mid 60s F+ dew points, may contribute moderate CAPE ahead of
    southeastward advancing convective outflow. It appears possible
    that this could support re-intensification of convection that could
    become accompanied by sporadic damaging downbursts late Saturday
    afternoon into evening.

    ..Kerr.. 04/03/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 4 05:45:04 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 040545
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 040543

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1243 AM CDT Sat Apr 04 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    THE EASTERN CAROLINAS TO THE MID-ATLANTIC COAST....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated severe wind gusts will be possible on
    Sunday afternoon from the eastern Carolinas to the Mid-Atlantic
    coast.

    ...Eastern Carolinas/Mid-Atlantic Coast...
    An upper-level trough will move across the lower Great Lakes on
    Sunday, as a cold front advances southeastward into the Mid-Atlantic
    and Carolinas. Ahead of the front, surface dewpoints in the lower to
    mid 60s will contribute to weak instability by afternoon. Isolated
    to scattered thunderstorms are expected to form just ahead of the
    front from southern Maryland south-southwestward into the eastern
    Carolinas. Forecast soundings along this corridor have 35 to 40
    knots of flow in the 500 to 1000 meter layer above ground level.
    Cells that develop in the mid to late afternoon in areas that
    destabilize the most could mix these strong winds to the surface,
    resulting in an isolated wind-damage threat.

    ..Broyles.. 04/04/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 4 17:09:38 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 041709
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 041708

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1208 PM CDT Sat Apr 04 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE CAROLINAS AND MID-ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated severe wind gusts will be possible on
    Sunday afternoon from the eastern Carolinas to the Mid-Atlantic
    coast.

    ...Mid-Atlantic/Carolinas...

    An upper trough over the Great Lakes/Midwest region will develop
    eastward over the eastern U.S. on Sunday. At the surface, a cold
    front will extend south/southwest across the Mid-Atlantic into
    central AL at midday. Ahead of the front, a plume of low 60s F
    dewpoints will be in place across the eastern Carolinas into
    southern NJ. Where stronger heating can occur, weak destabilization
    is expected. Enhanced low and midlevel flow (30-40 kt just off the
    surface) could support isolated strong to severe wind gusts where
    stronger heating and modest destabilization occurs. Overall severe
    thunderstorm potential should be tempered by poor lapse rates and
    MLCAPE generally less than 750 J/kg.

    ..Leitman.. 04/04/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 5 05:45:11 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 050545
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 050543

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1243 AM CDT Sun Apr 05 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are expected on Monday across
    the Florida Peninsula and over parts of the Desert Southwest, but no
    severe threat is forecast.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level trough will move southeastward through the Great
    Lakes on Monday, as a cold front advances southward into northern
    Florida. South of the front, surface dewpoints will be in the 60s F.
    As surface temperatures warm during the day, thunderstorm
    development is expected in parts of southern and central Florida.
    Deep-layer shear across Florida is forecast to be too weak for
    organized storms. Elsewhere, isolated thunderstorms will be possible
    Monday afternoon across parts of the Desert Southwest. No severe
    threat is forecast over the continental U.S. Monday and Monday
    night.

    ..Broyles.. 04/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 5 16:55:44 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 051655
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 051653

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1153 AM CDT Sun Apr 05 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are expected on Monday across
    the Florida Peninsula, parts of the Southwest, and portions of
    Oregon, but no severe threat is forecast.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper trough will persist across the eastern U.S. on Monday.
    Meanwhile, a shortwave upper trough will migrate across the
    Southwest, while another shortwave trough overspreads the Pacific
    Northwest late in the period.

    At the surface, a cold front will extend across north-central FL
    into the Gulf. High pressure will build over the Upper Midwest, and
    a dry/stable boundary layer will envelop much of the CONUS, aside
    from FL. A seasonally warm/moist airmass ahead of the surface cold
    front will support modest destabilization across the FL Peninsula
    during the afternoon/early evening. Isolated to scattered
    thunderstorms are expected, but poor lapse rates and weak vertical
    shear will preclude severe potential.

    Additional isolated thunderstorms are possible across portions of
    the Southwest. Steep midlevel lapse rates amid increasing midlevel
    moisture and weak instability should be sufficient for isolated to
    scattered thunderstorm development as the upper shortwave trough
    overspreads the region. A few weak thunderstorms may also develop
    across portions of Oregon late in the afternoon and evening.
    Midlevel moistening is expected as height falls and steepening
    midlevel lapse rates overspread the area with the approach of an
    upper shortwave trough. Severe storms are not expected in these
    areas given modest vertical shear and weak instability.

    ..Leitman.. 04/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 6 05:46:47 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 060546
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 060545

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1245 AM CDT Mon Apr 06 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are expected on Tuesday across
    parts of the Florida Peninsula, and in the southern Rockies. No
    severe threat is forecast across the U.S. Tuesday and Tuesday night.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level trough will move through the Northeast on Tuesday, as
    a cold front moves slowly across the Florida Peninsula. South of the
    boundary, surface dewpoints in the 60s F will contribute to weak
    instability. Scattered thunderstorms will be possible within this
    airmass, mainly across the southern and central Florida Peninsula in
    the afternoon. Additional storms are expected on Tuesday from far
    west Texas northward into the southern Rockies. No severe threat is
    forecast across the continental U.S. Tuesday and Tuesday night.

    ..Broyles.. 04/06/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 6 16:36:53 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 061636
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 061635

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1135 AM CDT Mon Apr 06 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are expected on Tuesday across
    parts of the Florida Peninsula, the southern Rockies, and northern
    High Plains. No severe threat is forecast across the U.S. Tuesday
    and Tuesday night.

    ...Synopsis...

    Strong surface high pressure over the Great Lakes and a cold front
    oriented across north-central FL into the Gulf will result in a
    mostly dry/stable boundary layer east of the Rockies. Ahead of the
    front across parts of the FL Peninsula, a seasonally moist and
    weakly unstable airmass will be in place. Isolated to scattered
    thunderstorms will be possible across the central/southern FL
    Peninsula and the Keys, though modest vertical shear and poor lapse
    rates will preclude severe thunderstorm potential.

    Additional isolated to scattered storms are possible across portions
    of the Four Corners and southern Rockies vicinity. Midlevel
    moistening amid steep lapse rates will support weak destabilization
    as an upper shortwave trough moves across the region. This should
    support weak thunderstorm activity, though severe storms are not
    expected. Further north, another upper shortwave trough will move
    across the northern Rockies to the northern High Plains. While
    moisture will be limited (PW values generally less than .75 in), a
    few high-based thunderstorms will be possible across eastern MT and
    vicinity as steep midlevel lapse rates and cold temperatures aloft
    foster weak destabilization. Inverted-v sub-cloud thermodynamic
    profiles may support locally gusty winds, but severe convection is
    not expected.

    ..Leitman.. 04/06/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 7 06:01:55 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 070601
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 070600

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0100 AM CDT Tue Apr 07 2026

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated large hail will be possible in parts of
    western and central Kansas late Wednesday afternoon into the
    evening.

    ...Western and Central Kansas...
    An upper-level trough will move eastward across the north-central
    U.S. on Wednesday. Ahead of the system, a broad low-level jet will
    move through the Upper Midwest. At the surface, a cold front will
    advance southeastward across the central Plains on Wednesday, with
    moisture advection occurring to the south of the front over much of
    the region. By early evening, the front is forecast to be located
    across northern Kansas. As low-level convergence increases along the
    front during the late afternoon, convective initiation will become
    likely. A broken line of thunderstorms is expected to develop in
    northern and western Kansas, moving southeastward into south-central
    Kansas during the evening. The NAM forecast sounding at Garden City,
    Kansas late Wednesday afternoon has MUCAPE near 750 J/kg with about
    35 knots of effective shear and 850-500 mb lapse rates greater 8
    C/km. This should be enough for isolated large hail with the
    stronger cells. The hail threat should continue into the early to
    mid evening, as a low-level jet ramps up across over the central
    Plains.

    ..Broyles.. 04/07/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 7 16:44:31 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 071644
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 071642

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1142 AM CDT Tue Apr 07 2026

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated large hail will be possible in parts of
    western and central Kansas late Wednesday afternoon into the
    evening.

    ...Kansas...

    A compact upper trough will pivot across the northern Plains to the
    Great Lakes on Wednesday into early Thursday. At the surface, low
    pressure centered over southern Manitoba will develop east/northeast
    toward James Bay by the end of the period. A trailing cold front
    will shift southeast across the central Plains and Upper Midwest.
    Gulf moisture return will remain muted given persistent high
    pressure over the East and prior cold frontal intrusions into the
    Gulf. As a result, surface dewpoints will mainly be in the 40s ahead
    of the cold front across the central Plains. Nevertheless, cool
    temperatures aloft (around -18 to -16 C at 500 mb) will support a
    plume of steep midlevel lapse rates across the region. This will aid
    in weak destabilization in a narrow corridor near the front during
    the late afternoon and evening. Low-level flow through at least 700
    mb will remain fairly weak (less than 20 kt), but vertically veering
    wind profiles with stronger northwest flow aloft will result in
    supercell wind profiles and 30+ kt effective shear magnitudes.

    Isolated thunderstorms are expected just ahead of the cold front
    from late afternoon into the evening hours across western and
    central KS. While instability will be the main limiting factor for a
    more robust severe risk, isolated large hail will be possible with
    any stronger updrafts that can be maintained. Additionally, a well
    mixed boundary-layer with inverted-v sub-cloud layer thermodynamic
    profiles are evident in forecast soundings. Weak low-level flow will
    temper the damaging wind risk, but locally strong gusts will be
    possible.

    ..Leitman.. 04/07/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 8 05:59:35 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 080559
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 080557

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1257 AM CDT Wed Apr 08 2026

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    THE LOWER TO MID MISSOURI VALLEY INTO THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN
    PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An isolated threat for large hail and strong wind gusts is expected
    to develop Thursday afternoon and evening in parts of the lower to
    mid Missouri Valley westward into Kansas, and southwestward into the
    Texas Panhandle.

    ...Lower to Mid Missouri Valley/Central and Southern Plains...
    A mid-level shortwave trough will move across the north-central U.S.
    on Thursday, as westerly flow remains over the central states. At
    the surface, moisture return will take place across the southern and
    central Plains. A cold front is forecast to move southward into far
    northern Kansas by afternoon. Surface heating and increasing
    low-level convergence along the front will result in scattered
    thunderstorm development during the late afternoon, with storms
    gradually increasing in coverage in the evening. The latest model
    forecasts suggest that a pocket of moderate instability will develop
    across north-central Kansas, with weaker instability extending
    eastward into northern Missouri. NAM forecast soundings in the late
    afternoon near the front show about 40 knots of 0-6 km shear with
    700-500 mb lapse rates approaching 8 C/km. This should support
    isolated supercell development with potential for large hail.
    Surface temperature-dewpoint spreads are forecast to exceed 20 F
    along much of this corridor, which would contribute to a potential
    for isolated severe gusts.

    Further southwest into southwest Kansas and the Texas Panhandle,
    dryline development will be possible as surface dewpoints gradually
    increase during the day. Isolated thunderstorms may form to the east
    of the dryline during the early evening. Weak instability, moderate
    deep-layer shear and steep mid-level lapse rates may support a
    marginal severe threat. Isolated damaging wind gusts and hail will
    be the primary threats.

    ..Broyles.. 04/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 8 17:22:09 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 081722
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 081720

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1220 PM CDT Wed Apr 08 2026

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHEAST
    KANSAS INTO SOUTHEAST NEBRASKA AND NORTHWEST MISSOURI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Areas of hail and strong wind gusts are expected Thursday afternoon
    and evening in parts of the lower to mid Missouri Valley westward
    into Kansas. Locally very large hail is possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    An area of cyclonic flow aloft will exist from central into eastern
    Canada, with various waves rotating from the northern Plains across
    the Great Lakes. The southern periphery of the stronger winds aloft
    will extend across much of the northern Plains and the Midwest, with
    30 kt 500 mb winds as far south as northern KS and MO.

    At the surface, a warm front will lift north across northern KS and
    MO during the day, with 50s F dewpoints spreading north with gusty
    south winds. As a shortwave disturbance moves into the northern
    Plains late, a surge of high pressure will push this boundary south
    as a cold front after 00Z, extending from southwest KS into central
    MO and IL by 12Z Friday. Scattered strong to severe storms will be
    most likely along this east-west front, with more isolated activity
    from western KS into the TX Panhandle along a dryline.

    ..Central Plains...
    Storms are expected to develop relatively early, perhaps around 18Z
    over northeast KS into southeast NE as warm/moistening air from the
    south interacts with the warm front. Strong heating south of the
    boundary will result in steep low-level lapse rates, while the
    increasing theta-e rises near the boundary and beneath cold midlevel temperatures. The cold profiles aloft along with 40 kt effective
    deep-layer shear will favor hail production, with perhaps isolated
    very large hail.

    As heating peaks during the later afternoon, additional cells are
    expected extending southwestward into north-central KS. Though
    dewpoints will only be in the 50s F, slow-moving supercells will be
    possible, again with very large hail.

    With west to northwest winds aloft, all these storms may eventually
    merge into the evening, propagating southeastward across much of
    eastern KS into northwest MO. The warm boundary layer, combined with
    cold downdraft material, will likely support scattered damaging
    gusts.

    ..Jewell.. 04/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 9 05:53:41 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 090553
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 090551

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1251 AM CDT Thu Apr 09 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO THE OZARKS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated large hail and severe gusts will be
    possible on Friday over parts of the southern and central Plains
    eastward into the Ozarks.

    ...Southern and Central Plains/Ozarks...
    An upper-level ridge will move through the Rockies on Friday, as
    mid-level flow remains westerly across much of the Great Plains and
    Mississippi Valley. At the surface, a cold front will advance slowly
    southward to near the Kansas and Oklahoma state-line by midday.
    Warming surface temperatures and increasing low-level convergence
    near the front will result in isolated to scattered thunderstorm
    development in the afternoon and evening. Surface dewpoints in the
    lower 60s F will contribute to a pocket of instability near the
    front in the afternoon, with MLCAPE forecast to peak around 1500
    J/kg. In addition, deep-layer shear is forecast to be around 30
    knots near the front with low to mid-level lapse rates in the 7 to 8
    C/km range. This environment should be sufficient for an isolated
    severe threat. Severe wind gusts and hail will be the primary
    threats.

    ..Broyles.. 04/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 9 17:24:17 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 091724
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 091722

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1222 PM CDT Thu Apr 09 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN A NARROW
    CORRIDOR FROM NORTHEAST NEW MEXICO EASTWARD TOWARD THE OZARKS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated large hail and severe gusts will be
    possible on Friday over parts of the southern and central Plains
    eastward into the Ozarks. A couple strong storms may occur late from
    northern Nevada into southwest Idaho.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper trough will progress from the Great Lakes region into the
    Northeast, with temporary ridging across the Plains. To the west, a
    large-scale upper trough will develop, with a lead wave moving into
    the Great Basin overnight while a deeper upper low drops south off
    the West Coast. Despite the ridging over the Plains, midlevel
    temperatures will remain seasonably cool with around -14 C over KS.

    At the surface, high pressure will move from the northern Plains
    toward the Great Lakes, with a cold front moving across the
    Northeast and into the OH Valley. Farther west, this front will
    decelerate from southern MO into northern OK, and become a warm
    front overnight into southern KS. Elsewhere, a surface trough will
    develop from ID into NV as height falls occur late.

    ...From northeast NM eastward across southern KS and northern OK...
    Showers and storms may be ongoing Friday morning from southeast KS
    into northern OK, southwest MO and into northwest AR, with perhaps
    some strong gust potential. This activity may weaken during the day.
    To the west, strong heating will occur south of the main boundary,
    with 50 F to near 60 F dewpoints resulting in 1000-1500 J/kg MUCAPE.
    Backed surface winds near the boundary will likely aid storm
    development into northeast NM late in the afternoon, with activity
    moving into the OK/TX Panhandles during the evening. Activity will
    be slow moving, with localized hail or wind potential.

    ...Northwest NV into southwest ID...
    Strong heating beneath cool midlevel temperatures will result in
    steep lapse rates across the region as the upper trough gradually
    approaches. Deep-layer shear will be weak during the day but will
    increase to 35-40 kt by evening as height falls arrive. Given the
    later influence of the upper trough and marginal combination of
    shear and instability, will maintain no severe probabilities at this
    time. However, a cell or two could produce locally strong gusts or small/marginal hail into the evening.

    ..Jewell.. 04/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 10 05:23:51 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 100523
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 100521

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1221 AM CDT Fri Apr 10 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTHEAST
    NEW MEXICO INTO WESTERN TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms producing hail and strong wind gusts will be
    possible across portions of the central and southern Plains on
    Saturday.

    ...Southern/Central Plains...

    Upper ridging will be in place over the central U.S. early Saturday.
    A weak upper shortwave trough over the Great Basin will migrate
    northeast through the period, along with several other lead
    shortwave impulses ahead of a larger-scale western trough/upper low
    near the Pacific coast. This will result in deamplification of the
    upper ridge. Modest deep-layer southwesterly flow around 20-40 kt
    will overspread much of the Plains. At the surface, low pressure
    will deepen over Montana and eventually develop east across the
    northern Plains late in the period, while lee troughing extends
    southward across the High Plains. Increasing south/southeasterly
    low-level flow will transport 50s and low 60s F dewpoints northward
    toward the Mid-MO Valley, and westward toward western KS/OK/TX.

    Thunderstorms are expected to develop in the vicinity of the surface
    trough across eastern NM/western TX during the afternoon as modest
    large-scale ascent overspreads the region. Cloud cover will limit
    daytime heating, but steepening lapse rates and modestly increasing boundary-layer moisture will support MLCAPE to around 1000-1500
    J/kg. Vertical shear will be weak but sufficient for at least
    transient organized cells capable of producing large hail. As a
    low-level jet increases during the evening, some consolidation of
    updrafts could occur and linear segments/small bows could produce
    locally strong wind gusts.

    Further north, a more conditional risk is expected across the
    central Plains. A warm front will lift northward across KS/NE during
    the afternoon and into early evening. Forecast soundings indicate
    capping will likely preclude much convective development within the
    warm sector. However, if any cells are able to develop and become
    sustained near the warm front, a severe risk will be possible. This
    scenario is uncertain, and will maintain Level 1 of 5/Marginal risk. Additionally cells are possible during the evening across parts of
    eastern CO/western KS/western NE near the surface trough. Locally
    strong gusts and hail will be possible with these storms.

    ...Central CA...

    Low-topped thunderstorms are possible in the north-central Valley
    vicinity during the afternoon/evening as cooling aloft and
    increasing ascent overspread the region ahead of an upper low over
    the eastern Pacific. Instability is expected to remain weak (less
    than 400 J/kg MLCAPE), but small hail and gusty winds may briefly
    occur with stronger cells. As the upper low and a surface cold front
    approach the central coast overnight, a line of low-topped
    convection could bring gusty winds as well. Severe storms are not
    expected at this time.

    ...Great Basin vicinity...

    Isolated to scattered showers and thunderstorms are expected during
    the afternoon and evening as a compact upper shortwave trough moves
    over the region. Cool temperatures aloft will support steep midlevel
    lapse rates and MLCAPE generally less than 500 J/kg. However, a well
    mixed boundary layer with inverted-v sub-cloud thermodynamic
    profiles and around 30 kt southwesterly flow through 600 mb could
    support locally gusty winds. Overall, severe potential appears
    limited.

    ..Leitman.. 04/10/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 10 17:32:23 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 101732
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 101730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 PM CDT Fri Apr 10 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms producing hail and strong wind gusts will be
    possible across portions of the central and southern Plains on
    Saturday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level ridge across the Plains will move east through the day
    on Saturday with a strong mid-level trough approaching the
    California coast. In between these 2 features, a mid-level shortwave
    trough will move from the Great Basin to the Northern Plains. Lee
    surface troughing will develop across the Front Range. The resulting strengthening low-level southerly flow will bring moisture northward
    across the Plains.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Moderate instability is forecast to develop by early afternoon
    across West Texas and into eastern New Mexico. Weak inhibition
    should allow for widespread thunderstorm development by early to
    mid-afternoon. Relatively weak shear, especially early on will
    likely result in somewhat nebulous organization and storm mergers
    which may preclude individual updraft longevity/strength. However,
    storms are expected to congeal by late afternoon and may result in
    some more organized wind threat, supported into the overnight
    period, as the low-level jet strengthens.

    ...Central Plains into the Upper Midwest...
    Weak height falls are expected to overspread the central Plains
    through the day on Saturday. As this occurs, isolated to potentially
    scattered storms are expected along and near the diffuse dryline.
    Shear will remain somewhat weak across this region and therefore,
    some hail/wind threat is possible, but a greater threat is not
    anticipated. Guidance shows a small jet-streak ejecting across
    central Kansas during the day Saturday. This may provide a slightly
    more favorable zone of shear across central Kansas and southeast
    Nebraska Saturday afternoon/evening. Forecast soundings show an
    uncapped environment, but without an initiating boundary, storm
    development remains uncertain. Any mesoscale lift associated with
    this mid-level jet streak could result in an isolated supercell
    during the afternoon/evening, but this scenario remains conditional.

    ...Iowa into southern Minnesota...
    As the low-level jet strengthens Saturday night, isentropic ascent
    will increase and thunderstorms will develop across the Upper
    Midwest. Some 12Z CAM guidance has hinted at some additional
    elevated thunderstorms across northern Iowa and southern Minnesota
    in the wake of the primary zone of ascent. This is likely associated
    with the same jet streak moving across Kansas during the day. If
    storms develop within this zone, forecast soundings support some
    large hail threat. Therefore, the Marginal Risk has been expanded to
    cover this threat.

    ...Central California...
    A line of showers and thunderstorms will approach the California
    coast Saturday afternoon. Forecast soundings show relatively weak
    instability ahead of this line (100 to 200 J/kg MLCAPE). However, 40
    knots of flow in the lowest 1km may be sufficient to mix down some
    of these stronger winds and result in some severe wind threat
    Saturday afternoon/evening.

    ...Great Basin Vicinity...
    Given the well-mixed, steep lapse-rate environment a few of the
    storms which develop across the Great Basin vicinity could have some
    strong wind gusts. Relatively weak instability may keep these
    stronger gusts somewhat sporadic. Therefore, a Marginal Risk will
    not be introduced at this time.

    ..Bentley.. 04/10/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 11 05:38:57 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 110538
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 110537

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1237 AM CDT Sat Apr 11 2026

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible from the southern and
    central Plains into the Upper Midwest on Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper trough will slowly pivot east over the western U.S. on
    Sunday while upper riding envelopes the East. A couple of shortwave
    impulses will migrate northeast from the Plains to the Upper
    Midwest/MS Valley vicinity. Persistent midlevel southwesterly flow
    across the central portions will maintain lee troughing over the
    Plains. Meanwhile, southerly low-level flow will transport 60s F
    dewpoints northward from TX to WI ahead of a surface trough/dryline
    oriented across eastern NE into central KS, arcing south/southwest
    into northwest OK and western TX. A surface low is forecast to move
    across the Upper Midwest, where a boundary will be draped across
    southern MN into WI.

    ...Central/Southern Plains...

    Numerous showers and thunderstorms are likely to be ongoing Sunday
    morning across OK/TX, with more isolated activity possible northward
    into the Mid-MO Valley. This convection will have implications on
    airmass recovery and thunderstorm development along the dryline
    during the afternoon/evening. Some isolated wind/hail risk could
    accompany this early activity as clusters and/or line segments move
    across OK/TX during the morning.

    In the wake of this morning activity, persistent southwesterly
    mid/upper flow will maintain a plume of steep midlevel lapse rates
    and mixing near the dryline should erode cloud cover over portions
    of KS/OK/western TX. Large-scale ascent will remain nebulous, with a
    lack of height falls precluding large-scale support for thunderstorm development. Nevertheless, modest confluence along the dryline is
    forecast. Mid 60s F dewpoints beneath steep lapse rates will support
    up to 2500 J/kg MLCAPE. Furthermore, supercell wind profiles are
    apparent in forecast soundings. This environment will conditionally
    support supercells along the dryline by late afternoon into the
    evening. However, given a lack of forcing, storm coverage is
    uncertain. If storms can develop along the dryline, at least a
    narrow corridor of large to very large hail potential will exist in
    addition to damaging winds and a tornado or two.

    Some guidance suggests morning convection could intensify or
    redevelop across portions of north/central TX toward the ArkLaTex,
    but this scenario remains very uncertain.

    ...South Texas/Rio Grande vicinity...

    A conditional severe risk is apparent during the evening/nighttime
    hours. A moderately unstable airmass will be in place, though
    deep-layer flow will be somewhat weaker compared to further north. Nevertheless, some guidance suggests supercells will develop across
    Mexico and could approach/cross the Rio Grande during the evening.
    If this occurs, an initial risk for large hail and damaging gusts
    will exist. With time, some potential for clustering could occur and
    bring a continued risk for strong winds across portions of south-central/southern TX during the nighttime hours.

    ...Upper Midwest...

    Thunderstorm development during peak heating is uncertain. If the
    upper shortwave trough moves across the area too early, convective
    development may be limited in the wake of that feature.
    Nevertheless, a corridor of modest destabilization is expected ahead
    of the surface low as cool temperatures aloft support steepened
    midlevel lapse rates amid a moistening boundary layer. If storms
    develop, isolated severe hail and wind are possible with stronger
    storms.

    ..Leitman.. 04/11/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 11 17:32:01 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 111731
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 111730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 PM CDT Sat Apr 11 2026

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible from the southern and
    central Plains into the Upper Midwest on Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Sunday, an upper-level low will move inland across the West Coast
    while ridging continues across the eastern US. Broad southwesterly
    flow will propagate across the Rockies and into the Plains, with
    several shortwaves troughs pivoting through the plains into the
    upper Midwest. This pattern will favor lee troughing in the lee of
    the Rockies. Across the southern/central Plains, southerly surface
    flow will usher in moisture northward all the way from the southern
    Plains into the upper Mid-west ahead of surface trough/dryline
    oriented across eastern NE into central KS, arcing south/southwest
    into northwest OK and western TX.

    It is likely that widely scattered thunderstorm activity will be
    ongoing at the start of the D2/Sunday period across TX/OK and across central/northern MN. Some re-intensification of convection will be
    possible across portions of central/eastern Texas. Additional
    activity is expected to develop by the afternoon in the vicinity of
    the dryline and across the Sierra Madre in Mexico.

    ...Central/Southern Plains...
    In the wake of morning convection across portions of western Texas
    into the OK/TX Panhandles, strong southwesterly flow will continue
    to advect warm moist boundary layer conditions and a plume of steep
    mid-level lapse rates. HREF guidance shows persistent mid to high
    level clouds remaining in place across the region through the early
    afternoon. It is likely that with mixing/heating some breaks in this
    cloud cover will allow for sheltered heating and air mass recovery.
    Most guidance suggests MLCAPE around 1000-1500 J/kg will be common
    from western Texas into western/central OK and southern KS. Given
    the nebulous forcing, convective initiation in the afternoon will
    likely be tied initially to the dryline circulation from western
    Texas into western Oklahoma and high terrain in Mexico. Generally
    linear hodographs and the steep lapse rate profiles will support
    risk for large to very large hail and strong to severe winds.
    Additional more isolated development may occur across the dryline in
    KS/NE. With any supercells that can maintain a semi-discrete mode,
    perhaps a tornado or two will be possible.

    ...Upper Midwest...
    Re-development of thunderstorm activity across the Upper Midwest
    remains less certain Sunday afternoon. The mid-level wave will
    advance eastward with a warm front lifting into Canada and surface
    low tracking northeast. Most CAM guidance produces little to no
    thunderstorm activity likely owing to the forcing shifting eastward
    too quickly. HREF calibrated thunder signals also remain low. The
    environment will be conditionally unstable, with MLCAPE around
    1000-2000 J/kg overlapping favorable low-level and deep layer shear
    profiles. Should an isolated storm or two occur, the potential will
    remain for large hail, damaging wind, and perhaps a tornado.

    ..Thornton.. 04/11/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 12 05:49:05 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 120548
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 120547

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1247 AM CDT Sun Apr 12 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE UPPER
    MIDWEST AND ACROSS PARTS OF THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible across the Upper Mississippi
    Valley and Great Lakes region, and across portions of the southern
    Plains on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...

    The persistent/stagnant southwesterly flow regime will continue from
    the southern Plains to the Upper Midwest on Monday. Low-amplitude
    upper ridging will move across the Upper Midwest during the day
    ahead of a shortwave trough moving across the northern Plains. The
    shortwave will shift east across the Great Lakes overnight.
    Meanwhile, an upper trough from the northern Rockies to offshore the
    southern CA coast will pivot eastward toward the Four Corners
    region. At the surface, low pressure near the SD/NE border will
    develop east along the MN/IA border to central WI. Meanwhile, lee
    troughing will persist across the Plains. A dryline will extend
    southwest from the Mid-MO Valley into western OK/TX, while a warm
    front extends from southern MN into southern/central WI. These
    boundaries will become a focus for severe thunderstorm development
    during the afternoon/evening.

    ...Upper Midwest...

    Strengthening southerly low-level flow will transport low to mid 60s
    F dewpoints northward toward southern MN and southern/central WI.
    Meanwhile, a plume of steep midlevel lapse rates will overspread the
    region. Capping will likely suppress thunderstorm activity for much
    of the day as the shortwave upper ridge moves across the region. By
    late afternoon/early evening, height falls are forecast to
    overspread the area and thunderstorms are expected to develop as a strengthening low-level jet overspreads the warm front ahead of an eastward-progressing surface low. Initial thunderstorm activity may
    be, or quickly become, elevated to the cool side of the warm front
    given northeast storm motion. Nevertheless, supercell wind profiles,
    cool temperatures/steep lapse rates aloft, and moderate to strong
    instability will support large hail potential.

    If surface-based warm sector storms can develop, supercells capable
    of all hazards will be possible. While this evolution is uncertain,
    it appears most probable from southeast MN toward
    south/south-central WI. Convection will spread eastward with time
    into MI, continuing to pose a risk for hail overnight.

    ...Southern Plains...

    A conditional supercell environment will exist along/east of the
    surface dryline from portions of western/central OK toward the TX
    Big Bend. Given a lack of height falls across the region, capping
    will likely suppress convection. However, strong heating along the
    dryline will promote mixing. Confluence low-level flow along the
    dryline coupled with strong instability and mixing may be sufficient
    for a couple of storms during the late afternoon/evening as a modest
    low-level jet develops. While conditional, if a storm can develop,
    supercell wind profiles suggest large hail, strong gusts and perhaps
    a tornado will be possible.

    ..Leitman.. 04/12/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 12 17:29:10 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 121729
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 121727

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1227 PM CDT Sun Apr 12 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF CENTRAL/EASTERN MINNESOTA INTO WESTERN/CENTRAL WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are likely across the Upper Mississippi Valley
    and Great Lakes region with potential for large to very large hail,
    damaging wind, and tornadoes. A more conditional and isolated risk
    for severe storms is possible across portions of the southern Plains
    on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A southwesterly flow regime will continue from the southern Plains
    to the Upper Midwest on Monday. Low-amplitude upper ridging will
    move across the Upper Midwest during the day ahead of a shortwave
    trough moving across the northern Plains. The shortwave will shift
    east across the Great Lakes overnight. Meanwhile, an upper trough
    from the northern Rockies to offshore the southern CA coast will
    pivot eastward toward the Four Corners region. At the surface, low
    pressure near the SD/NE border will develop east along the MN/IA
    border to central WI. Lee troughing will persist across the Plains.
    A dryline will extend southwest from the Mid-MO Valley into western
    OK/TX, while a warm front extends from southern MN into
    southern/central WI. These boundaries will become a focus for severe thunderstorm development during the afternoon/evening.

    ...Upper Midwest...
    Along and south of the surface warm front across MN into
    southern/central WI, strong daytime heating will be occurring amid
    dew points in the low to mid 60s. This will yield moderate to strong instability with MLCAPE around 2000-3000 J/kg. A plume of steep low
    to mid-level lapse rates will also impinge upon the region through
    the afternoon. Capping will likely suppress thunderstorm activity
    for much of the day as the shortwave upper ridge moves across the
    region. By the late afternoon/early evening, a shortwave trough will
    overspread the region with an increase in the low-level jet.
    Thunderstorm activity is expected to develop, with initially
    elevated supercells likely given strong deep layer shear and
    thermodynamic profiles. These will be capable of large to very large
    hail (some 2-3+ inches in diameter). Should any supercells be able
    to anchor to the warm front and become surface based, the threat for
    a tornado or two (possibly strong) will increase given large
    clockwise curved hodographs indicative of favorable low-level shear.
    An Enhanced Risk was included with this outlook driven by the hail
    potential. Convection will spread eastward with time into MI,
    continuing to pose a risk for hail overnight.

    ...Central/Southern Plains....
    A conditional severe risk will extend further down the dryline into
    the central/southern Plains for the afternoon/evening. Strong
    daytime heating will yield very warm temperatures ahead of the
    dryline but most convective temperatures are near or exceeding 90F.
    Forecast soundings indicate strong capping in place across much of
    the region through the afternoon with generally weak forcing for
    ascent outside of the dryline circulation, which will likely inhibit
    a more widespread severe risk. Nonetheless, moderate to strong
    instability will overlap increasing deep layer shear as the
    low-level jet increases through the evening. An isolated supercell
    threat will be possible along the dryline, with greater confidence
    along the Red River in northern TX/southwestern OK and further south
    into Texas near the Rio Grande Valley. Should supercells develop,
    the main risk will be for large to very large hail (some 2+ inches
    in diameter).

    ..Thornton.. 04/12/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 13 06:06:43 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 130606
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 130604

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0104 AM CDT Mon Apr 13 2026

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF IOWA INTO NORTHERN ILLINOIS AND SOUTHERN WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms are expected on Tuesday
    and Tuesday night from the Southern Plains to the Great Lakes. Large
    to very large hail, a few tornadoes, and damaging wind gusts will be
    possible, particularly across parts of eastern Iowa, northern
    Illinois, and southern Wisconsin. Additional strong storms, mainly
    producing strong wind gusts, will be possible across parts of the
    Northeast.

    ...Synopsis...

    A broad swath of enhanced deep-layer southwesterly flow will
    overspread the southern High Plains to the Great Lakes on Tuesday.
    An upper shortwave trough over the Great Basin will slowly pivot
    east through the period, emerging over the central/southern High
    Plains by Wednesday morning. A weak shortwave impulse is also
    forecast to move across the northern Plains and Upper Midwest. At
    the surface, low pressure will be centered over the Mid-MO Valley
    for much of the period, with a warm front extending east/northeast
    from north-central IA into southern WI and central Lower MI.
    Meanwhile, a dryline will extend southwest across eastern KS into
    western TX. Ahead of these boundaries, a seasonally moist airmass
    will be in place, with mid-60s dewpoints common. The aforementioned
    surface boundaries will become a focus severe thunderstorm
    development Tuesday afternoon into the nighttime hours.

    ...Mid-MS Valley and Great Lakes vicinity...

    A severe risk is expected to develop by late afternoon within the
    warm frontal zone from Iowa into northern IL/southern WI in a
    persistent warm advection regime. While height tendencies are
    forecast to remain mostly neutral, low-level convergence along the
    boundary and a glancing influence from a weak shortwave impulse
    migrating across the northern Plains into northern MN/Upper MI
    should provide focused ascent. A southwesterly 850-700 mb jet is
    also forecast to increase across the region by late afternoon into
    evening. Cool temperatures aloft (around -16 C at 500 mb) and steep
    midlevel lapse rates atop a moist boundary layer will support MLCAPE
    around 2000-3000 J/kg amid elongated/straight hodographs. As a
    result, large to very large hail will be possible with initial
    supercell thunderstorms. Storm motion and southwesterly deep-layer
    flow may result in convection moving to the cool side of the warm
    front. Even so, elevated storms will pose a risk for significant
    hail. With time, and as the low-level jet increases during the
    evening, convection may consolidate/grow upscale into one or most
    bowing segments and progress eastward into Lower MI/IN/OH, posing a
    continued risk for hail and an increasing risk for damaging wind
    gusts.

    Any supercells that develop and can be sustained within the warm
    sector will also pose a risk for a few tornadoes (some strong), very
    large hail and damaging gusts.

    ...Southern Plains into eastern KS/western MO...

    Moderate destabilization is forecast along the surface dryline by
    afternoon. Strong heating along/just west of the dryline will
    promote mixing, while low-level confluence and subtle height falls
    (by 21-00z) provide sufficient forcing for ascent for isolated
    thunderstorm development. Supercell wind profiles will be present
    amid steep midlevel lapse rates and elongated hodographs. Large to
    very large hail, locally strong wind gusts and a couple of tornadoes
    will be possible. Storms should develop northward during the evening
    into eastern KS and western MO as the low-level jet increases.

    ...Northeast...

    Rounds of thunderstorms are expected during the afternoon and
    evening within a warm advection regime. MLCAPE should increase to
    around 1000 J/kg within a moistening low-level airmass. Strong
    deep-layer westerly flow and steepening low-level lapse rates will
    support isolated strong wind gusts across the region.

    ..Leitman.. 04/13/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 13 17:31:15 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 131731
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 131729

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1229 PM CDT Mon Apr 13 2026

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF IOWA INTO NORTHERN ILLINOIS AND SOUTHERN WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are expected on Tuesday and Tuesday night from
    the Southern Plains to the Great Lakes. Large to very large hail, a
    few tornadoes (some strong), and damaging wind gusts will be
    possible, particularly across parts of eastern Iowa, northern
    Illinois, and southern Wisconsin. Additional strong storms, mainly
    producing strong wind gusts, will be possible across parts of the
    Northeast.

    ...Synopsis...
    The western US trough will eject across the Four Corners region into
    the Intermountain West, with strong southwesterly flow overspreading
    the Rockies into the central/southern Plains and Upper Midwest. A
    shortwave trough will pivot through this flow across the Upper
    Midwest through the period. A surface low will be centered over the
    Mid-MO Valley for much of the period, with a warm front extending east/northeast from north-central IA into southern WI and central
    Lower MI. Meanwhile, a dryline will extend southwest across eastern
    KS into western TX. These features will be the focus of scattered
    thunderstorm development through the afternoon and evening.

    ...Mid-Missouri Valley and Great Lakes Region...
    Strong daytime heating is expected along and south of the warm from north-central IA into southern WI and lower MI Tuesday afternoon.
    This in combination with dew points in the low to mid 60s will yield
    moderate to strong instability (with MLCAPE around 1500-2500 J/kg).
    Scattered thunderstorms are likely to develop around 20z. Given deep
    layer shear around 40 kts, storm mode will be supercellular.
    Initially, low-level shear will be marginal, with generally straight
    and elongated hodographs. In addition, northeasterly storm motions
    will favor crossing the warm front to the cool side of the boundary.
    This will make the primary threat large to very large hail (some
    2-3+ inches in diameter). With time, and as the low-level jet
    increases during the evening, convection may consolidate/grow
    upscale into one or more bowing segments and progress eastward into
    Lower MI/IN/OH, posing a continued risk for hail and an increasing
    risk for damaging wind gusts.

    As the strengthening 850-700 mb low-level jet axis will nudge into
    central IA/northern MO/northern IL, it will usher in a plume of
    steep low to mid-level lapse rates and enlarge low-level hodographs,
    increasing tornado potential. While there remains some uncertainty,
    there is signal within hi-res guidance from the HREF for sustained
    UH tracks south of the warm front. CAM guidance varies on how the
    scenario will play out. As mentioned above, a few CAM solutions
    favor clustering/linear development by the evening. Should a more
    discrete supercell or two be able to root along or south of the
    boundary, a few tornadoes will be possible (some strong EF2+).
    Nonetheless, even with a more linear mode increasing low-level shear
    will favor and increasing chance for line embedded tornadoes.

    ...Southern Plains into eastern Kansas/western Missouri...
    Thunderstorm development is likely along the dryline across the
    southern Plains Tuesday afternoon. Strong capping with remain
    through most of the morning, but strong heating and convergence
    along the dryline favor at least isolated thunderstorm development
    by around 19-20z. The environment ahead of the dryline will be
    characterized by moderate to strong instability, steep lapse rates,
    and favorable deep layer shear profiles to support supercells. Large
    to very large hail (1-2+ inches in diameter), damaging winds, and
    perhaps a tornado.

    ...Northeast...
    Rounds of thunderstorms are expected during the afternoon and
    evening within a warm advection regime. MLCAPE should increase to
    around 1000 J/kg within a moistening low-level air mass. Strong
    deep-layer westerly flow and steepening low-level lapse rates will
    support isolated strong wind gusts across the region.

    ..Thornton.. 04/13/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 14 05:57:24 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 140557
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 140555

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1255 AM CDT Tue Apr 14 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS TO THE MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND ACROSS
    EASTERN OHIO INTO PENNSYLVANIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms posing a risk for large hail, strong wind
    gusts, and a couple of tornadoes will be possible across portions of
    the southern Plains toward the Great Lakes on Wednesday afternoon
    and evening.

    ...Synopsis...

    A shortwave upper trough will eject from the central Plains to the
    Great Lakes on Wednesday. A swath of enhanced southwesterly
    deep-layer flow will extend from the southern/central Plains to the
    Great Lakes/Midwest ahead of this feature. The southern extent of
    the upper trough will move more slowly east, from the southern
    Rockies to the southern High Plains. At the surface, low pressure is
    forecast to be in the vicinity of the Mid-MO Valley/southeast NE
    Wednesday morning, and will shift east/northeast along a warm front
    across IA/southern WI/northern IL through evening. A trailing cold
    front will move across the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes vicinity
    during the nighttime hours as the surface low continue to progress
    northeast into Ontario. Further south, a dryline will extend
    south/southwest across eastern KS into western OK and west-central
    TX. A seasonally moist and unstable airmass will be in place ahead
    of these surface features, focusing severe thunderstorm potential
    during the afternoon and evening. A warm moist and unstable airmass
    will extend eastward across portions of the upper Ohio
    Valley/Northeast.

    ...MO Valley to Lake Michigan vicinity...

    Convection is likely to be ongoing across parts of the region
    Wednesday morning. As a result, uncertainty exists regarding airmass
    recovery and evolution of severe potential Wednesday
    afternoon/evening. Persistent southwesterly flow and warm advection
    ahead of the surface low will maintain a moist airmass. Convection
    should redevelop by late afternoon/evening near the surface low and
    along a surface boundary extending from eastern IA to near the IL/WI
    border. Where heating can occur in the wake of early day convection,
    MLCAPE around 1000-2000 J/kg should develop. Supercell wind profiles
    are evident in forecast soundings, especially near the surface low
    where SRH will be enhanced. Initial cells may pose a risk for hail.
    Tornado potential is a bit more uncertain given aforementioned
    concerns about boundary-layer impacts from early day convection.
    However, at least low potential should exist near the surface low
    and warm front/outflow. A corridor of higher tornado probabilities
    may be needed in subsequent outlooks if confidence in mesoscale
    details and boundary layer recovery increases. During the evening,
    upscale growth into an eastward-advancing line is expected as a
    surface cold front begins to move east across the region, and
    damaging winds will be possible.

    ...Southern Plains...

    Isolated supercells are forecast to develop along the dryline in OK
    into eastern KS/ and eventually portions of MO. Mid to upper 60s F
    dewpoints beneath steep midlevel lapse rates (7.5-8 C/km) will
    support 2000-3000 J/kg MLCAPE by afternoon. Some weak capping is
    noted around 850 mb, which may limit storm coverage in the absence
    of stronger large-scale ascent. Nevertheless, elongated/straight
    hodographs above 2-3 km within a favorable thermodynamic environment
    suggests large to very large hail will be possible with storms that
    develop. A couple of tornadoes also will be possible given modestly
    enlarged and favorably curved low-level hodographs and around 150
    m2/s2 SRH within a narrow corridor near the dryline.

    ...Upper Ohio Valley toward the Northeast...

    Fast deep-layer west/southwesterly flow will overspread a moistening
    low-level boundary layer. Strong heating will support steepening
    low-level lapse rates and cool temperatures aloft will support
    midlevel lapse rates near 7 C/km. This will foster moderate
    destabilization during the afternoon, promoting isolated to widely
    scattered thunderstorm development. Damaging wind gusts and isolated
    hail will be possible with this activity into the evening.

    ..Leitman.. 04/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 14 17:40:32 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 141740
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 141738

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1238 PM CDT Tue Apr 14 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    NORTHERN TEXAS AND OKLAHOMA NORTHEASTWARD INTO SOUTHERN
    WISCONSIN...AND FROM NORTHERN OHIO INTO PENNSYLVANIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms posing a risk for large hail, strong wind
    gusts, and a couple of tornadoes will be possible across portions of
    the southern Plains toward the Great Lakes Wednesday afternoon and
    evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    A positive-tilt upper trough will be located over the central Plains
    on Wednesday and will move across the MS Valley and toward the Great
    Lakes late. Moderate to strong mid to high level southwesterlies
    will exist over much of the central and southern Plains, along with
    cool temperatures aloft. Meanwhile, an upper ridge will hold over
    the Southeast, with moderate winds aloft along the periphery of the
    upper ridge extending from the OH Valley into the Northeast.

    At the surface, low pressure will develop into IA as the upper wave
    moves out of NE and KS. A front/dryline will extend south across
    eastern KS, western OK and west central TX during the day.
    Meanwhile, an elongated stationary front will extend from IA into
    southern WI/MI and into the lower Great Lakes, with more of a warm
    front into NY and southern New England. Mid to upper 60s F dewpoints
    will remain roughly from TX into IA, with lower 60s F dewpoints
    along the length of the stationary front.

    ...TX/OK/KS/IA/MO/IL...
    A focused area of severe storm potential will develop south of the
    developing low and along the dryline during the afternoon. Although
    the wave will be moving away from OK/TX, the dryline should stall
    with strong instability developing and MLCAPE over 3000 J/kg.
    Minimal lift will be required near the dryline to initiate afternoon
    storms, possibly before 21Z. Cells should develop from northwest TX
    across OK and into southeast KS, and gain strength as 50-60 kt
    effective shear acts upon them. Both supercells and bowing
    structures will be possible, with areas of very large hail and
    damaging winds expected. A few tornadoes may occur given the strong
    instability and midlevel lapse rates, despite marginal low-level
    wind fields.

    Farther north, another zone of supercell potential is evident from
    northern MO into IA and western IL late in the day ahead of the
    shortwave trough. Here, deep-layer shear vector orientation will be
    quite favorable for discrete cells, with hail likely. Any early day
    storms may affect warm sector quality, but conditionally, a tornado
    will be possible.

    ...From WI/IL eastward into PA...
    Areas of heating and warm advection toward the frontal zone will
    result in widely scattered afternoon thunderstorms erupting over IL,
    IN, southern WI, northern OH and into western PA by 21Z. Favorable
    deep-layer shear averaging near 40 kt and at least 1500 J/kg MUCAPE
    along this zone will favor storms producing hail and locally
    damaging gusts. Storm modes may be mixed.

    ..Jewell.. 04/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 15 05:18:35 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 150518
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 150516

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1216 AM CDT Wed Apr 15 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    NEW YORK AND SOUTHERN VERMONT...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible on Thursday
    extending from southeast Missouri across the Ohio Valley and into
    parts of New York.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper shortwave trough will spread east across the Midwest on
    Thursday, becoming oriented from the Lower Great Lakes to the
    central/southern Appalachians by Friday morning. At the surface, a
    front will sag south/southeast across the Great Lakes. Modest
    southwesterly low-level flow will maintain upper 50s to low 60s F
    dewpoints from the Mid-South into New York/southern New England.
    This should be sufficient for weak to moderate destabilization given
    modestly steep midlevel lapse rates.

    ... New York vicinity...

    Modest height falls are forecast across the region during the
    afternoon and evening within a low-level warm advection regime.
    Moderate to strong deep-layer mid/upper flow will overspread the
    moistening boundary layer, supporting effective shear magnitudes of
    30+ kt. Heating into the mid/upper 70s will lead to steepening
    low-level lapse rates, while cool temperatures aloft (near -12 C at
    500 mb) will support 1000-1500 J/kg MLCAPE. Isolated to scattered
    thunderstorms will develop during the afternoon. An accompanying
    risk of isolated large hail and damaging wind gusts is expected.

    ...Mid-South and Ohio Valley...

    Convection posing a risk for marginal hail may be going across parts
    of the MO Bootheel vicinity Thursday morning. Persistent warm
    advection should allow for airmass recovery by afternoon across this
    area and thunderstorms are forecast to redevelop during the
    afternoon with a continued risk for isolated hail and strong wind
    gusts. Additional isolated convection also develop into the Ohio
    Valley during the afternoon, though the thermodynamic environment
    may be more marginal due to possible morning showers and cloud cover
    lingering, limiting destabilization. However, if storms are able to
    develop, locally strong gusts and marginal hail will be possible.

    ..Leitman.. 04/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 15 17:00:59 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 151700
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 151658

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1158 AM CDT Wed Apr 15 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER MUCH OF
    UPSTATE NEW YORK AND INTO SOUTHERN VERMONT...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A corridor of strong to severe storms is possible Thursday over much
    of central New York into southern Vermont. Isolated strong storms
    may extend southwestward into parts of Arkansas and Tennessee.

    ...Synopsis...
    A fast-moving shortwave trough will move from the OH Valley/Great
    Lakes into NY and PA on Thursday, providing increasing large-scale
    ascent and wind fields. Southwest of this area, a secondary wave is
    forecast to move across MO/AR and to the lower OH Valley by 00Z,
    with cooling aloft.

    At the surface, low pressure will develop east out of lower MI and
    into upstate NY during the afternoon, with strengthening
    west/southwest winds maintaining 50s to near 60 F dewpoints across
    NY and southwest New England. Farther south, a most air mass will
    remain over the lower MS Valley, with 60s F dewpoints from AR into
    southeast MO and western TN.

    ...Northeast...
    Storms are likely to form ahead of the upper wave during the early
    afternoon across western NY and northwest PA, and perhaps beneath
    the upper low over lower MI. The MI activity may contain hail, while
    the NY storms develop into a multifaceted threat.

    Lengthening hodographs across NY and into southwest New England will
    favor cellular storm mode, with a few supercells expected. Hail
    appears probable. A few damaging gusts may develop late in the day
    if activity can produce outflow and become more linear. A tornado
    will be possible as well, especially as cells interact with the warm
    advection zone/warm front where low-level shear will be bit
    stronger, from the Hudson Valley across VT and perhaps into
    southwest NH.

    ...AR/MO/KY/TN...
    Models insist that early day storms will occur from eastern AR into
    western TN, but with little severe potential. In the wake of this
    activity, lapse rates will steepen as cooling aloft overspreads the
    area and surface heating occurs. Ascent will be minimal but warm
    advection from the southwest and a possible residual outflow
    boundary may instigate additional storms from northern AR into TN
    and perhaps far northern MS/AL. A few reports of hail or wind would
    be possible.

    ..Jewell.. 04/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 16 05:59:35 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 160559
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 160557

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1257 AM CDT Thu Apr 16 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF OKLAHOMA...KANSAS...MISSOURI...IOWA...ILLINOIS...FAR SOUTHEAST MINNESOTA...AND WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widespread severe thunderstorms are expected from parts of the
    southern Plains to the Middle and Upper Mississippi Valley vicinity
    Friday into Friday night. Tornadoes, possibly strong, very large
    hail, and swaths of damaging winds will be possible.

    ...Southern Plains to Upper Midwest...

    A potent upper trough from is expected to eject over the Plains and
    Upper Midwest on Friday. Strong deep-layer southwesterly flow will
    overspread the region early in the forecast period, with 850-700 mb
    flow around 40-50 kt common from parts of OK/KS into WI. At the
    surface, forecast guidance has trended a bit further north with the
    position of a surface low Friday morning. This low is expected to be
    located along the MO River near the SD/IA/NE border, and will
    develop northeast into northern WI/MI U.P. by late afternoon. A
    trailing cold front will push southeast across Upper MS/Mid-MO
    Valley as this occur, becoming oriented from central MI to northwest
    MO and southeast KS by 00z. Meanwhile, a second low is forecast to
    develop over the TX Panhandle/western OK within strong heating near
    a dryline extending southwest from western OK into
    west-central/western TX. Ahead of these surface features, a
    seasonally moist airmass will be in place, or, in the case of the
    Upper Midwest, rapidly advect northward during the morning hours.

    A plume of steep midlevel lapse rates, supported by cool to cold
    temperatures aloft (near -16 C at 500 MB across portions of IA/MN/WI
    at 21z, and -14 to -12 C further southwest) will overspread the
    moist boundary layer. This will result in strong destabilization,
    with MLCAPE around 2500-3500 J/kg expected across the warm sector.
    This kinematic and thermodynamic environment will support robust
    convective development near the Upper Midwest surface low
    southwestward along the cold front into KS by midday. Initial
    supercells are possible, especially closer to the surface low in the
    Upper Midwest, and near the triple point/dryline in northwest
    OK/south-central KS. More rapid upscale growth into a robust
    line/LEWP is expected along the cold front from parts of IA into MO
    and eastern KS. Given robust instability and very steep lapse rates, significant damaging wind swaths will be possible. Additionally,
    large to very large hail will be possible with any discrete
    supercells, and possibly within line-embedded supercells. Low-level
    wind profiles will also support a aerially extensive tornado risk,
    both with QLCS mesovortex circulations, and with discrete
    supercells. A corridor of perhaps greater tornado risk/coverage may
    develop near the surface low from northeast IA into central WI.
    Low-level SRH will be maximized in this area and forecast soundings
    indicate large, curved hodographs becoming elongated above 2-3 km.
    Furthermore, mixing ratios near 14 g/kg and very steep lapse rates
    should support robust updrafts with low cloud bases. This are may
    become a focused corridor for stronger tornadoes.

    Linear convection should continue east across the MS River and Lake
    Michigan during the evening and overnight hours, with a gradually
    waning severe risk into portions of central/southern IL, Lower MI
    and IN. Additional convection may develop during the evening and/or
    overnight across parts of TX near the dryline, though this scenario
    is more conditional. If storms do develop, large will be the main
    risk.

    ..Leitman.. 04/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 16 17:43:42 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 161743
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 161741

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1241 PM CDT Thu Apr 16 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS EXTENDING FROM
    WISCONSIN SOUTHWESTWARD INTO OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widespread severe thunderstorms are expected from parts of the
    southern Plains to the Middle and Upper Mississippi Valley vicinity
    Friday into Friday night. Tornadoes, possibly strong, very large
    hail, and swaths of damaging winds will be possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper trough will move into the central and northern Plains
    during the day, strengthening through Friday night as it moves into
    upper MS Valley. Continuous height falls will occur across the
    entire central to northern Plains region, where mid and upper level temperatures will already be relatively cool.

    During the afternoon, low pressure will develop across IA and WI,
    with a cold front extending southwestward into southern KS and
    northwest OK. A warm front will also lift across IA and into WI
    during the day, with an influx of mid 60s F dewpoints. Given the
    cool temperatures aloft, this will create a highly unstable air mass
    ahead of the cold front. This front will accelerate during the
    evening as storms become numerous, and should extend roughly from
    Lower MI into central TX by 12Z Saturday.

    The combination of steep lapse rates aloft, ample shear, and ample
    moisture will support corridors of significant severe storms,
    including all modes of severe.

    ...From IA into WI and northwest IL...
    Strong tornado potential is evident Friday afternoon into early
    evening, especially from IA into southern WI and northwest IL. While
    convective evolution is a bit uncertain, there is good agreement in
    a very unstable environment with midlevel lapse rates to 8.5 C/km,
    along with 200-300 m2/s2 effective SRH ahead of the surface low and
    near the warm front. While an eventual squall line may take shape
    late in the day, scattered supercells appear likely after about 19Z
    ahead of the developing low and as dewpoints rise rapidly. As such,
    conditional tornado probabilities have been increased further to
    indicate stronger tornado potential.

    Cells should eventually consolidate as the front pushed east, with
    damaging bowing structures expected, possibly as far east as Lake
    MI. The severe risk is expected to persist as far east as IN and
    lower MI late evening/overnight as the southerly low-level jet
    brings moisture northward. Damaging winds appear possible.

    ...OK/KS/MO...
    A volatile environment will develop near and ahead of the cold front
    Friday afternoon, with significant severe hail, wind, and several
    tornadoes expected. An impressive combination of deep-layer
    shear/wind fields and steep lapse rates aloft will exist, and while
    the forcing mechanism will be linear, shear vector orientation and
    likely rightward-propagation of the stronger supercells will support
    tornadoes and very large damaging hail initially. All this activity
    is expected to merge into a linear MCS, with corridors of
    destructive winds and continued large hail risk expected over much
    of MO and into northern OK through the evening.

    ..Jewell.. 04/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 17 05:26:45 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 170526
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 170525

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1225 AM CDT Fri Apr 17 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE UPPER OHIO RIVER VALLEY....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms capable of damaging winds
    and hail will be possible on Saturday across the upper Ohio Valley.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will move from the Upper Midwest to the Great
    Lakes on Friday. A surface cold front will move from the Great
    Lakes/Ohio Valley to the Appalachians. In its wake, high pressure
    will build into the Intermountain West and Plains.

    Remnant showers/storms will likely be ongoing at the beginning of
    the period ahead of the cold front. The extensive cloudcover and
    potential outflow from Day 1 storms has resulted in considerable
    uncertainty for the Saturday forecast. Most 00Z guidance shows
    extensive outflow moving across Ohio during the morning. If this
    occurs, additional storm development is not anticipated until
    farther east across western Pennsylvania and southwest New York. If
    these morning storms/outflow are less progressive, some moisture
    advection ahead of the cold front is expected to bring somewhat
    greater instability. This could result in some stronger storms, and
    potentially sufficient instability for some transient supercell
    structures.

    Some 00Z CAM guidance (NAM/NSSL WRF) depicts low to mid 60s
    dewpoints across eastern Ohio and western Pennsylvania on Saturday
    afternoon. This seems to be the outlier, but if this does occur, a
    more substantial severe weather threat, and a greater tornado threat
    would exist across western Pennsylvania into southwest New York.
    However, only weak instability seems most likely within this zone of
    strong shear and therefore, expect damaging wind gusts as the
    primary hazard.

    ..Bentley.. 04/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 17 17:32:19 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 171732
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 171730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 PM CDT Fri Apr 17 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY AND CENTRAL APPALACHIANS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms capable of damaging winds
    and hail will be possible on Saturday across the upper Ohio Valley
    and central Appalachians. Isolated severe hail is also possible
    across parts of central Texas.

    ...Synopsis...
    An amplified midlevel trough will advance eastward from the upper MS
    Valley to the Great Lakes/OH Valley on Saturday. At the same time, a
    cold front extending from lower MI south-southwestward into
    south-central TX will move east-southeastward across the OH, TN, and
    lower MS Valley during the day. Remnant showers and thunderstorms
    will be ongoing along the eastward-moving front at the start of the
    period, though this lingering/early-morning activity is generally
    expected to be sub-severe.

    ...Upper OH Valley and Central Appalachians...
    As the cold front continues eastward into the upper OH Valley and
    central Appalachians into the afternoon, diurnal heating amid a
    narrow corridor of upper 50s to lower 60s dewpoints will contribute
    to marginal surface-based destabilization immediately ahead of the
    front. This, combined with around 40-50 kt of effective shear
    oriented oblique to the front, should favor a mix of organized
    clusters and perhaps a couple supercell structures -- posing a risk
    of scattered damaging wind gusts and isolated severe hail.
    Additionally, a remnant 30-40 kt south-southwesterly low-level jet
    will yield modest low-level shear/hodograph curvature, and a tornado
    or two will be possible with the more organized storms.

    ...Central TX...
    High-resolution guidance is in relatively good agreement, depicting
    elevated thunderstorms evolving behind the cold front during the
    morning and early afternoon. Steep midlevel lapse rates atop the
    frontal surface and elongated/straight hodographs (around 50 kt of
    effective shear) could lead to isolated severe hail with any
    elevated supercells that evolve.

    ...Lower MS and TN Valleys...
    A couple strong storms will also be possible immediately ahead of
    the front as it impinges on the lower MS and TN Valleys during the
    afternoon, given around 40 kt of deep-layer shear and a weakly
    unstable air mass. However, displacement from the deep-layer forcing
    for ascent accompanying the trough, and skinny CAPE profiles, limits
    confidence in the severe risk here -- precluding probabilities at
    this time.

    ..Weinman.. 04/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 18 05:41:26 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 180541
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 180539

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1239 AM CDT Sat Apr 18 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong mid-level trough will move slowly east from the Great Lakes
    to the Northeast on Sunday. At the surface, a large area of high
    pressure will extend from the Plains to the Midwest and Southeast.
    This will help advance the cold front (and richer moisture) into the
    Atlantic and the Gulf.

    The prevalence of high pressure and a continental, dry airmass
    across most of the country will lead to minimal thunderstorm chances
    on Sunday. A few isolated thunderstorms could develop along the
    front from eastern Georgia to eastern North Carolina before the
    front moves offshore. Scattered thunderstorms are possible along the
    eastern shore of the Florida Peninsula, but given the weak
    instability, strong to severe concern remains minimal.

    Finally, thunderstorms that form over the higher terrain in northern
    Mexico on Sunday may move into parts of South Texas and the Edwards
    Plateau before weakening in the increasingly hostile post-frontal
    environment.

    ..Bentley.. 04/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 18 17:25:02 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 181724
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 181723

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1223 PM CDT Sat Apr 18 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Sunday.

    ...Discussion...
    An amplified midlevel trough will move eastward from the Great Lakes
    into the Northeast on Sunday, while a related cold front moves off
    the Eastern Seaboard and the FL Peninsula. Preceding the trough,
    large-scale ascent will support isolated/elevated thunderstorms
    across coastal New England into the afternoon. Similarly, a couple thunderstorms are possible ahead of the front over coastal NC and
    farther south over the central/southern FL Peninsula (aided by an
    Atlantic sea breeze), though much of this activity may develop
    offshore. Farther west over the lower Great Lakes, lapse rates will
    quickly steepen beneath the core of the midlevel trough, and
    sufficient (albeit weak) buoyancy will support a couple
    thunderstorms -- given increasing ascent in the left-exit region of
    a midlevel jet.

    Finally, isolated/elevated thunderstorms will be possible within a
    post-frontal air mass across southwest TX, where weak warm-air
    advection will develop amid modestly steep midlevel lapse rates.

    ..Weinman.. 04/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 19 05:48:04 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 190547
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 190546

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1246 AM CDT Sun Apr 19 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not expected on Monday.

    ... Synopsis ...

    A midlevel trough will progress from the Northeast off the New
    England coast on Monday, while the trailing cold front continues
    southward into the Caribbean Sea. In the wake of this system, high
    pressure and a relatively dry airmass will limit thunderstorm
    potential across much of the CONUS.

    ... South Florida ...

    North of the aforementioned front, diurnal heating of a moist
    post-frontal airmass characterized by dewpoints in the mid-60s
    should support isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms. Weak
    buoyancy and a lack of significant large-scale ascent should
    preclude any severe threat.

    ... Southwest into Texas ...

    Farther west, a subtle, low-amplitude midlevel wave moving into
    South Texas, combined with weak low-level warm advection and modest
    moisture return will support a few rounds of isolated thunderstorms
    across Southwest Texas into Central Texas.

    Additionally, isolated diurnal thunderstorms are possible across the
    Southwest as midlevel moisture impinges on the region. This activity
    is expected to remain focused over the higher terrain, and given the
    weak instability and modest forcing, severe weather is not expected.

    ..Marsh.. 04/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 19 17:22:34 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 191722
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 191720

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1220 PM CDT Sun Apr 19 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not expected on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper trough within the Northeast will progress offshore on
    Monday. A subtle shortwave trough within the subtropical jet will
    move into South Texas/middle Texas coast overnight into Tuesday
    morning. On the West Coast, a stronger upper trough will into parts
    of the Northwest and northern/central California. A surface high
    pressure system across much of the east will remain largely in
    place. Very modest moisture return is possible into the Rio Grande
    Valley and Permian Basin/Trans-Pecos regions.

    ...South Florida...
    Moderate mid-level flow is expected across the Peninsula given the
    upper trough to the north. Though mid-level temperatures will be
    cooling during the day, persistent northeasterly winds at the
    surface will lead to a large down-peninsular component at low
    levels. Dewpoints will have a tendency to drop during the same time
    frame. This pattern, coupled with poor mid-level lapse rates, should
    keep severe potential low.

    ...Trans-Pecos into Central/South Texas...
    With moisture return into the Davis Mountains vicinity, a storm or
    two could develop within the terrain. A modest enhancement to
    deep-layer shear in association with the subtle perturbation moving
    through could allow for a stronger storm. Given how isolated this
    activity would be as well as its dependency on sufficient moisture
    return, confidence in such a scenario is quite low.

    Farther east, warm air advection will increase during the overnight
    hours. Elevated buoyancy is expected to increase during this time
    frame. Shear will be weaker with northern extent and increasing
    southward in closer proximity to the weak shortwave perturbation.
    Mid-level lapse rates will be weak as will MUCAPE (less than 750
    J/kg). Small hail may occur with the strongest storms.

    ..Wendt.. 04/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 20 05:49:07 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 200549
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 200547

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1247 AM CDT Mon Apr 20 2026

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible across the western CONUS, the
    south-central CONUS, and the southern Great Lakes on Tuesday.
    Potential for severe weather appears low.

    ... Synopsis ...

    Midlevel ridging will be in place from the eastern Great Basin into
    the Plains at the start of the forecast period, while persistent
    northwesterly flow aloft continues across the Upper Midwest and Ohio
    Valley. Farther west, an upper trough will gradually advanced inland
    across California into the Great Basin by the end of the period.

    At the surface, a broad area of high pressure centered over the
    Southeast and adjacent Atlantic will maintain southerly flow across
    the central US. This will promote a gradual moisture recovery across
    the central Plains into the southern Great Lakes. A weak frontal
    boundary pushing south through portions of the central Plains and
    Great Lakes will denote the northern edge of the moisture return.

    ... Lower Great Lakes ...

    Thunderstorm development along the frontal zone may be delayed until
    later in the day or evening as moisture slowly returns northward.
    While relatively cold temperatures aloft should support steep lapse
    rates, the quality and depth of the boundary-layer moisture is
    expected to be the biggest unknown. The NAM is the most aggressive
    with the depth and quality of the moisture return, and if moisture
    quality is close to what is shown in the NAM, enough instability
    should materialize to take advantage of the stronger vertical shear
    to support a few organized cells capable of gusty winds or small
    hail. However, most model guidance is less aggressive with the
    quality of the moisture return so no probabilities have been added
    at this time.

    ... South-central US ...

    Convection will likely be ongoing at the start of the forecast
    period. Modest vertical shear and elevated instability may support a
    couple strong thunderstorms capable of hail and gusty winds.
    However, overall thunderstorm intensity should wane through much of
    the period as upper ridging overspreads the region.

    ... Western US ...

    As the upper trough moves inland, ascent will increase across the
    Pacific Northwest, northern California, and portions of the Great
    Basin. Within the Central Valley and nearby terrain, pockets of
    diurnal heating, combined with cool midlevel temperatures may
    support isolated thunderstorm development during the afternoon.
    Despite this modest instability, weak vertical shear should limit
    any organized severe potential.

    ..Marsh.. 04/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 20 17:30:37 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 201726
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 201724

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1224 PM CDT Mon Apr 20 2026

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible across the West, portions of the
    southern Plains, and the southern Great Lakes on Tuesday. Potential
    for severe weather appears low.

    ...Synopsis...
    Upper-level ridging is expected to build into the Plains on Tuesday.
    Moderate northwesterly flow aloft will remain across the Upper
    Midwest/Great Lakes. In the West, an upper trough will move into
    California and the western Great Basin. At the surface, a high
    pressure system will persist in the Southeast. Initial moisture
    return around the western flank of this anticyclone will occur
    through the day. This moisture will interact with a weak boundary
    within the Midwest/Lower Great Lakes.

    ...Midwest/Lower Great Lakes...
    Ahead of the weak surface boundary, some increase in low-level
    moisture can be expected. Moisture should generally be greater along
    the Iowa/Missouri border with diminishing dewpoints towards the
    Lower Great Lakes/Ohio Valley. Within moderate northwesterly flow
    aloft, a subtle shortwave trough is expected to move towards
    southern Lake Michigan during the afternoon. Temperatures at 500 mb
    of around -18C should promote some convection along the boundary by
    late afternoon. Farther west, forcing for ascent will be weaker and
    capping will be stronger. The main question in this scenario
    continues to be the quantity of moisture return ahead of the
    boundary. Guidance does suggest low 50s F are possible, but given
    how dry the current airmass across the region is and how late this
    initial moisture return will be, confidence in that forecast is low.
    The current expectation is that isolated to widely scattered storms
    are possible by late afternoon/early evening, particularly near
    southern Lake Michigan. These storms may briefly strengthen and be
    capable of gusty winds/small hail. Thereafter, nocturnal cooling
    should lead to a weakening trend. Development near the Iowa/Missouri
    is far more conditional.

    ...Trans-Pecos/Big Bend into Central Texas...
    Convection will be ongoing Tuesday morning in central Texas.
    Isolated small hail and gusty winds are possible, but deep-layer
    shear will be weakening as the ridge builds into the Plains through
    the day. Farther west, a weak dryline is possible into the Big Bend
    region. An isolated storm or two could develop. Weak vertical shear
    and marginal buoyancy should limit severe potential.

    ...California Central Valley...
    After an initial period of precipitation in the morning, pockets of
    surface heating in the afternoon may lead to MLCAPE of 250-500 J/kg.
    While a stronger storm or two is possible, the severe threat will be
    limited by weak deep-layer shear.

    ..Wendt.. 04/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 21 05:54:46 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 210554
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 210553

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1253 AM CDT Tue Apr 21 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of hail and gusty winds may develop
    during the late afternoon and evening on Wednesday across portions
    of the High Plains.

    ... Synopsis ...

    A closed upper low across the western US will devolve into an open
    wave as it lifts northeast toward the northern Plains. At the same
    time, a surface low will gradually deepen as it moves across
    northern Montana east into North Dakota by Thursday morning.

    Lee troughing will strengthen during the day with the approach of
    the western trough. The surface wind field within this lee trough
    will function to sharpen a dryline from the surface low south across
    much of the High Plains. To the east of the dryline, strengthening
    southerly winds will draw Gulf moisture northward into the
    strengthening cyclone. The quality of this moisture return remains a significant source of uncertainty regarding thunderstorm chances
    with northward extent.

    ... Northern High Plains including areas of eastern Montana...

    By late afternoon increasing large-scale ascent, driven by modest
    height falls, will overspread northern portions of the dryline.
    Despite moisture concerns, isolated to scattered thunderstorms
    should develop across portions of the dryline during the afternoon.
    Large temperature/dewpoint spreads may support strong wind gusts
    with the strongest storms.

    The best synoptic scale forcing for ascent will move across portions
    of eastern Montana during the late afternoon and evening. Should
    boundary layer moisture be richer than currently anticipated (e.g.,
    closer to 40F than 25F), a threat for marginally severe wind gusts
    may materialize. This area will continued to be assessed in
    subsequent outlooks for an upgrade to Level 1/Marginal.

    ... Southern High Plains ...

    Midlevel height falls will not be as great here as compared to areas
    farther north. However, richer boundary layer moisture and strong
    dryline circulations aided by temperatures approaching 90F to the
    west of the dryline should support at least isolated thunderstorm
    development. Around 40 knots of cloud-layer shear should support at
    least a marginal hail risk with any storm that develops.

    ..Marsh.. 04/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 21 17:26:18 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 211726
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 211724

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1224 PM CDT Tue Apr 21 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE
    HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of hail and gusty winds may develop
    during the late afternoon and evening on Wednesday across portions
    of the High Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad trough within parts of the Northwest and Great Basin will
    progress eastward through the day Wednesday. The mid-level jet will
    round the base of this trough and impact the northern High Plains
    during the evening overnight. A secondary mid-level jet will dig
    into the Southwest by early Thursday morning. The upper-level ridge
    across the Plains will begin to break down and shift eastward. At
    the surface, a deep surface low will track along the Montana/Canada
    border. Strengthening flow across the Rockies will promote a
    moderately strong lee trough. Surface moisture will continue to
    advect north and west during the period. Richer moisture will
    generally remain within the southern Plains and adjacent High Plains
    with less certain moisture quality farther north.

    ...Western Nebraska...western South Dakota...
    With greater large-scale ascent and closer proximity to the surface
    low, confidence in storm development is higher in these areas. The
    main question will be the degree of moisture return that can occur
    through the day. Model guidance still varies widely in this regard.
    Dewpoints near 50 F are possible into southwest Nebraska, but this
    may occur towards 00Z or later. Farther north, dewpoints in the 40s
    F may be the ceiling for late afternoon/early evening. A probable
    scenario is that high-based convection develops within the terrain
    of eastern Wyoming/western South Dakota and within the surface
    trough. Some intensification is possible as this activity encounters
    greater surface moisture to the east. Severe wind gusts will be the
    main hazard given the steep low-level lapse rates and inverted-v
    thermodynamic profiles. Linear structures would be favored in South
    Dakota given the deep-layer flow orientation. A supercell or two
    could occur in western Nebraska, should storms form.

    ...Southern High Plains into Western Kansas...
    With the synoptic trough lagging to the west, mid-level height falls
    will be very weak during the afternoon. The dryline/surface trough
    will be the focus for storm development. Temperatures nearing 90 F
    behind the dryline appear sufficient for an isolated storm or two to
    develop. That said, some guidance does not develop any convection.
    Deep-layer shear will be roughly perpendicular to the surface trough
    and mid-level lapse rates will be steep. Storms that can develop
    will be supercellular. Large hail would be the main concern with
    this activity.

    ...Eastern Montana...
    High-based convection is possible in association with the deepening
    surface low. Dewpoints will not likely reach 40 F. Gusty outflow
    winds are possible, but potential for severe gusts is low.

    ..Wendt.. 04/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 22 06:01:54 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 220601
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 220600

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0100 AM CDT Wed Apr 22 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM SOUTHERN
    KANSAS INTO SOUTHERN MINNESOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms will be possible from southern Kansas into
    southern Minnesota on Thursday. Large hail to very large hail,
    damaging winds, and a few tornadoes are possible.

    ... Synopsis ...

    A shortwave trough will move northeast along the eastern periphery
    of a western US longwave trough. This shortwave will help maintain a
    surface cyclone in southern Canada, while a secondary surface low
    may develop across southern Minnesota late in the period. A
    secondary shortwave will approach the southern Plains late in the
    forecast period.

    As the shortwave trough lifts northeast, a cold front will
    accelerate east across the central and northern Plains. Ahead of the
    surface front southerly winds will support mid 50F dewpoints as far
    north as northern Minnesota and pockets of 60F dewpoints perhaps as
    far north as southern-to-central Minnesota.

    ... Central and Northern Plains ...

    Diurnal heating of the moist airmass ahead of the advancing surface
    front will yield an increasingly unstable atmosphere during the
    afternoon with the 20260422/00Z HREF showing ensemble mean SBCAPE
    values approaching 2000 J/kg as far north as the greater Omaha, NE,
    vicinity by 20Z. Interrogation of forecast soundings ahead of the
    frontal boundary shows a strong cap stretching from Oklahoma
    northward into Nebraska and Iowa. This cap does lift during the day
    in response to increasing large-scale ascent from the approaching
    trough, but thunderstorm initiation will likely require convergence
    along the surface front.

    This should occur by mid-afternoon anywhere from northeast Kansas
    into southern Minnesota. Initially, deep-layer shear is not
    particularly strong across the warm sector, but would still support
    a combination of multi-cells and supercells. Given the degree of
    instability and steep midlevel lapse rates, large-to-very-large hail
    would be possible with any of these initial storms. A tornado or two
    would also be possible given some low-level curvature in the
    forecast hodographs associated with at least a modest low-level jet.


    As the cold front continues to move east into the moist and unstable
    airmass, additional thunderstorms should develop along the front,
    eventually growing upscale into one or more linear systems and a
    transition to a damaging wind threat. Vertical shear should improve
    during the late afternoon and evening as the mid-to-upper-level
    winds respond to the approach trough, yielding a continued tornado
    threat with any persistent discrete cell.

    ... Oklahoma and Northwest Texas ...

    A very unstable airmass will develop across the region to the east
    of a dryline across western Oklahoma during the afternoon. Forecast
    soundings show varying degrees of a cap across Oklahoma and
    Northwest Texas. With the strongest large-scale ascent remaining
    largely to the north of the area, forcing for ascent will likely
    require strong dryline circulations. Given afternoon temperatures in
    the 90Fs to the west of the dryline, there is at least some
    potential for dryline circulations to break the cap and initiate at
    least a couple of storms. Vertical shear profiles will support
    supercells capable of very large hail. A highly conditional tornado
    threat could develop with any discrete storm that is able to move
    off the dryline and into the increasingly moist and unstable
    environment to the east.

    ..Marsh.. 04/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 22 17:24:27 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 221724
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 221722

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1222 PM CDT Wed Apr 22 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM SOUTHERN
    KANSAS INTO SOUTHERN MINNESOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms will be possible from southern Kansas into
    southern Minnesota on Thursday. Large hail to very large hail,
    damaging winds, and a few tornadoes are possible.

    ...Synopsis...

    A short-wave trough initially over the northern High Plains Thursday
    morning is forecast to shift east across the northern Plains into
    the upper MS Valley in tandem with a belt of 50-60 kt
    south-southwest winds in the mid levels. A secondary, lower-latitude disturbance will advance into western KS and the OK/TX panhandles
    late Thursday afternoon into evening, along with a more zonal
    mid/upper-level jet streak. At the surface, the primary cyclone
    attendant to the northern Plains system is expected to undergo
    occlusion over southern into central Manitoba, while a trailing cold
    front progresses east through the northern Plains into the upper MS
    Valley. A pre-frontal trough or pseudo-dryline will precede the cold
    front, extending from western MN through western IA and eastern NE
    into central KS by early to mid afternoon. A secondary surface low
    is forecast to deepen across portions of southwest KS or northwest
    OK Thursday afternoon in response to the approach of the
    lower-latitude disturbance mentioned above. A more classic dryline
    will extend south from that low through western OK into western
    north TX during the peak of the diurnal heating cycle.

    ...Upper MS Valley and upper Midwest through the mid/lower MO Valley
    into central/eastern KS...

    A broad, nocturnal, low-level wind maximum will develop across the
    Great Plains tonight (Wed. night), enhancing the poleward flux of an increasingly moist boundary layer beneath a residual EML plume
    residing across the same region. The moisture increase beneath a
    capping inversion at the base of the EML may result in considerable
    cloud cover Thursday afternoon across portions of the warm sector
    air mass. Where cloud breaks occur, model soundings indicate the
    potential for MLCAPE to approach 1000-1500 J/kg across portions of
    southern MN to as high as 2000-3000+ J/kg in central and eastern KS.

    By early to mid afternoon, convergence along the pre-frontal
    trough/dryline coupled with increasing height falls/forcing for
    ascent are expected to support widely scattered thunderstorms from
    portions of central and southern MN through eastern NE and western
    IA, into at least northeast KS. While the strongest mid/upper-level
    wind fields are expected to remain to the immediate west of the
    initiating boundary, a corridor of 40-45 kt effective bulk shear
    will overlie the western fringe of the warm sector, supporting
    organized multicells and supercells as the initial storm mode with
    an attendant threat for large to very large hail and a few
    tornadoes. Subsequent upscale growth into a broken band of storms is
    expected Thursday evening into Thursday night across portions of
    eastern MN into western WI, western and central IA, southeast NE,
    northeast KS, and northwest MO. Damaging wind potential will
    increase with that mode change, with a continued risk for a few
    tornadoes.

    The most favorable overlap of moderate to strong instability and
    vertical wind shear is expected to develop across central into
    eastern KS Thursday afternoon into evening. Here, a few intense
    supercells capable of all severe-weather hazards appear possible,
    and a categorical upgrade to a level 3/Enhanced Risk may be required
    in subsequent Day 1 outlooks.

    ...OK into north TX...

    Moderate to strong instability (MLCAPE of 2500-3500 J/kg) is
    expected to develop east of the dryline by late afternoon into early
    evening on Thursday. However, strong capping at the base of the EML
    casts considerable uncertainty on whether storms can develop. While
    the strongest forcing for ascent associated with the secondary
    short-wave trough is expected to remain across KS, subtle mid-level
    height falls are forecast across northern OK. Otherwise, strong
    heating to the west of the dryline and resultant deepening
    circulations along it will be the primary mechanism responsible for
    any storm development.

    On the condition that isolated storms develop and become sustained,
    the kinematic environment will support supercells capable of very
    large hail and tornadoes. This is especially the case during the
    evening hours as low-level shear strengthens in response to the
    amplification of the low-level jet.

    ..Mead.. 04/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 23 06:02:04 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 230601
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 230600

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0100 AM CDT Thu Apr 23 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PARTS OF THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scatteed severe thunderstorms are possible Friday from the Southern
    Plains into the Lower Mississippi Valley. Large hail and damaging
    winds will be the main hazards, with a brief tornado also possible.
    Isolated strong wind gusts may occur across portions of the lower
    Ohio Valley as well.

    ... Synopsis ...

    Broad cyclonic flow will persist across much of the central and
    western US as a longwave trough remains anchored over the northern
    states. In the absences of stronger large-scale ascent across the
    southern US, convective evolution will be driven primarily by
    remnant boundaries and subtle perturbations within the broader
    cyclonic flow.

    ... Southern Plains into the Lower Mississippi Valley ...

    Convection is expected to be ongoing from portions of Oklahoma into
    Arkansas and Missouri at the start of the forecast period, largely
    tied to a convectively augmented cold front. This activity may still
    be capable of producing isolated strong wind gusts early in the
    period, but should gradually weaken through the morning as the
    low-level jet dissipates and the parent shortwave trough moves away
    from the region.

    The primary severe threat is expected to develop from afternoon into
    the evening along the effective frontal zone and any residual
    outflow or differential heating boundaries. Current guidance
    suggests the boundary will settle near or south of the I-40
    corridor, though some uncertainty in the exact location remains.
    Notably, the HRRR is an outlier in maintaining a farther north and
    west boundary as compared to other members of the 20260423/00Z HREF.


    By afternoon, strong heating south of the boundary will support a
    moderately to strongly unstable airmass (SBCAPE values in the
    2000-3000 J/kg range) from central/east Texas northward toward the
    boundary, with instability gradually decreasing with eastward extent
    into Mississippi and Alabama. Deep-layer shear will remain modest
    across the region (generally 30-35 knots), supporting organized
    multicells and occasional transient supercells.

    Thunderstorms should develop/intensify from eastern Oklahoma into
    Arkansas along one or more of boundaries across the region. Initial
    storms may pose a threat for large hail and localized damaging wind
    gusts as low-level shear will generally remain weak. However,
    localized enhancements along boundaries or any MCV could support a
    brief tornado risk.

    With time, storm interactions and consolidating outflows should
    support upscale growth into one or more clusters or linear MCS
    structures. These systems should move east-southeast into northern
    Louisiana and central Mississippi through the afternoon and evening
    hours. While the modest deep-layer shear may temper the overall wind
    threat somewhat, sufficient organization should still support a
    corridor of damaging wind gusts.

    Farther west into central and eastern Texas, isolated convection may
    occur along a dryline as diurnal heating weakens inhibition to the
    east. Storm coverage is expected to remain sparse given weak ascent,
    but any sustained updrafts in this strongly unstable environment
    could produce large hail.

    ... Portions of the Ohio Valley ...

    A separate corridor of thunderstorms may develop during the
    afternoon across portions of the eastern Indiana and western Ohio
    in the wake of earlier convection. Modest destabilization should
    occur with perhaps up to 1000 J/kg of SBCAPE. Although the low-level
    jet will be weakening through the day, residual flow and modest
    deep-layer shear may support loosely organized convection capable of
    producing damaging wind gusts.

    ..Marsh.. 04/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 23 17:15:43 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 231715
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 231715

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    Issued by 15th OWS Scott Air Force Base IL
    1215 PM CDT Thu Apr 23 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PARTS OF THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are possible Friday from the Southern
    Plains into the Lower Mississippi Valley. Large hail and damaging
    winds will be the main hazards, with a brief tornado also possible.
    Isolated strong wind gusts may occur across portions of the lower
    Ohio Valley as well.

    ... Synopsis ...

    Broad cyclonic flow will persist across much of the central and
    western US as a longwave trough remains anchored over the northern
    states. In the absences of stronger large-scale ascent across the
    southern US, convective evolution will be driven primarily by
    remnant boundaries and subtle perturbations within the broader
    cyclonic flow.

    ... Southern Plains into the Lower Mississippi Valley ...

    Convection is expected to be ongoing from portions of Oklahoma into
    Arkansas and Missouri at the start of the forecast period, largely
    tied to a convectively augmented cold front. This activity may still
    be capable of producing isolated strong wind gusts early in the
    period, but should gradually weaken through the morning as the
    low-level jet dissipates and the parent shortwave trough moves away
    from the region.

    The primary severe threat is expected to develop from the afternoon
    into the evening along the effective frontal zone and any residual
    outflow or differential heating boundaries. Current guidance
    suggests the boundary will settle near or south of the I-40
    corridor, though some uncertainty in the exact location remains.
    Notably, the HRRR is an outlier in maintaining a farther north and
    west boundary as compared to other members of the 20260423/Z HREF.

    By afternoon, strong heating south of the boundary will support a
    moderately to strongly unstable airmass (SBCAPE values in the
    2000-3000 J/kg range) from central/east Texas northward toward the
    boundary, with instability gradually decreasing with eastward extent
    into Mississippi and Alabama. Deep-layer shear will remain modest
    across the region (generally 30-35 knots), supporting organized
    multicells and occasional transient supercells.

    Thunderstorms should develop/intensify from eastern Oklahoma into
    Arkansas along one or more of boundaries across the region. Initial
    storms may pose a threat for large hail and localized damaging wind
    gusts as low-level shear will generally remain weak. However,
    localized enhancements along boundaries or any MCV could support a
    brief tornado risk.

    With time, storm interactions and consolidating outflows should
    support upscale growth into one or more clusters or linear MCS
    structures. These systems should move east-southeast into northern
    Louisiana and central Mississippi through the afternoon and evening
    hours. While the modest deep-layer shear may temper the overall wind
    threat somewhat, sufficient organization should still support a
    corridor of damaging wind gusts.

    Farther west into central and eastern Texas, isolated convection may
    occur along a dryline as diurnal heating weakens inhibition to the
    east. Storm coverage is expected to remain sparse given weak ascent,
    but any sustained updrafts in this strongly unstable environment
    could produce large hail.

    ... Portions of the Ohio Valley ...

    A separate corridor of thunderstorms may develop during the
    afternoon across portions of the eastern Indiana and western Ohio
    in the wake of earlier convection. Modest destabilization should
    occur with perhaps up to 1000 J/kg of SBCAPE. Although the low-level
    jet will be weakening through the day, residual flow and modest
    deep-layer shear may support loosely organized convection capable of
    producing damaging wind gusts.

    ..Afwa.. 04/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 23 17:52:35 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 231752
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 231715

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    Issued by 15th OWS Scott Air Force Base IL
    1215 PM CDT Thu Apr 23 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PARTS OF THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are possible Friday from the Southern
    Plains into the Lower Mississippi Valley. Large hail and damaging
    winds will be the main hazards, with a brief tornado also possible.
    Isolated strong wind gusts may occur across portions of the lower
    Ohio Valley as well.

    ... Synopsis ...

    Broad cyclonic flow will persist across much of the central and
    western US as a longwave trough remains anchored over the northern
    states. In the absences of stronger large-scale ascent across the
    southern US, convective evolution will be driven primarily by
    remnant boundaries and subtle perturbations within the broader
    cyclonic flow.

    ... Southern Plains into the Lower Mississippi Valley ...

    Convection is expected to be ongoing from portions of Oklahoma into
    Arkansas and Missouri at the start of the forecast period, largely
    tied to a convectively augmented cold front. This activity may still
    be capable of producing isolated strong wind gusts early in the
    period, but should gradually weaken through the morning as the
    low-level jet dissipates and the parent shortwave trough moves away
    from the region.

    The primary severe threat is expected to develop from the afternoon
    into the evening along the effective frontal zone and any residual
    outflow or differential heating boundaries. Current guidance
    suggests the boundary will settle near or south of the I-40
    corridor, though some uncertainty in the exact location remains.
    Notably, the HRRR is an outlier in maintaining a farther north and
    west boundary as compared to other members of the 20260423/Z HREF.

    By afternoon, strong heating south of the boundary will support a
    moderately to strongly unstable airmass (SBCAPE values in the
    2000-3000 J/kg range) from central/east Texas northward toward the
    boundary, with instability gradually decreasing with eastward extent
    into Mississippi and Alabama. Deep-layer shear will remain modest
    across the region (generally 30-35 knots), supporting organized
    multicells and occasional transient supercells.

    Thunderstorms should develop/intensify from eastern Oklahoma into
    Arkansas along one or more of boundaries across the region. Initial
    storms may pose a threat for large hail and localized damaging wind
    gusts as low-level shear will generally remain weak. However,
    localized enhancements along boundaries or any MCV could support a
    brief tornado risk.

    With time, storm interactions and consolidating outflows should
    support upscale growth into one or more clusters or linear MCS
    structures. These systems should move east-southeast into northern
    Louisiana and central Mississippi through the afternoon and evening
    hours. While the modest deep-layer shear may temper the overall wind
    threat somewhat, sufficient organization should still support a
    corridor of damaging wind gusts.

    Farther west into central and eastern Texas, isolated convection may
    occur along a dryline as diurnal heating weakens inhibition to the
    east. Storm coverage is expected to remain sparse given weak ascent,
    but any sustained updrafts in this strongly unstable environment
    could produce large hail.

    ... Portions of the Ohio Valley ...

    A separate corridor of thunderstorms may develop during the
    afternoon across portions of the eastern Indiana and western Ohio
    in the wake of earlier convection. Modest destabilization should
    occur with perhaps up to 1000 J/kg of SBCAPE. Although the low-level
    jet will be weakening through the day, residual flow and modest
    deep-layer shear may support loosely organized convection capable of
    producing damaging wind gusts.

    ..Afwa.. 04/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 14 06:02:10 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 140602
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 140600

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0100 AM CDT Thu May 14 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND LOWER TO MID MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms with large to very large hail and severe wind gusts
    will be possible Friday afternoon and evening in parts of the
    central Plains and lower to mid Missouri Valley.

    ...Central Plains/Lower to Mid Missouri Valley...
    West to west-southwesterly mid-level flow will remain in place on
    Friday across the central U.S, as a subtle shortwave trough moves
    into the central Plains. Ahead of this feature, moisture advection
    will raise surface dewpoints into the mid to upper 60s F from the
    eastern part of the central Plains into the lower to mid Missouri
    Valley. A surface low will deepen over far western Oklahoma, with an
    inverted trough extending northward into central Kansas and
    northeastward into southeast Nebraska. Isolated convective
    initiation is expected near and to the east of the surface trough
    during the late afternoon. Convective coverage should gradually
    increase in the evening as low-level warm advection strengthens.

    By late afternoon, model forecast show a pocket of moderate to
    strong instability over northeast Kansas. Forecast soundings at 00Z
    in this area have MLCAPE in the 3500 to 4000 J/kg range, with 0-6 km
    shear near 35 knots. 700-500 mb lapse rates are forecast to be in
    the 8 to 8.5 C/km range. This environment will be favorable for
    supercells with large hail, and hailstones greater than 2 inches in
    diameter will be possible within the more intense cores. Supercells
    will also be capable of severe wind gusts. During the late evening
    and overnight, a severe threat may continue over parts of the
    central Plains, as the low-level jet strengthens. Isolated severe
    storms will be possible in northwestern Kansas late in the period,
    as a secondary shortwave approaches.

    Further south into parts of western Oklahoma, a capping inversion is
    forecast to be in place during the late afternoon and early evening.
    However, lapse rates are forecast to be very steep with some models
    showing 700-500 mb lapse rates near 9 C/km. In addition, moderate
    deep-layer shear is forecast. If a cell can initiate in spite of the
    cap, then supercells with large hail would be possible.

    ...Mid to Upper Mississippi Valley...
    Low-level moisture will gradually increase across the mid to upper
    Mississippi Valley Friday afternoon and evening. Although
    instability is forecast to remain weak, isolated thunderstorms may
    initiate as a low-level jet moves into the region from the
    southwest. By mid to late evening, MUCAPE is forecast to increase
    into the 1000 to 1500 J/kg with effective shear near 40 knots over
    much of the mid to upper Mississippi Valley. For this reason,
    isolated severe storms will be possible, with strong wind gusts and
    hail as the primary threats.

    ..Broyles.. 05/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 14 17:22:13 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 141722
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 141720

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1220 PM CDT Thu May 14 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE LOWER MISSOURI RIVER VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms with large to very large hail and severe wind gusts
    will be possible Friday afternoon and evening in parts of the
    central Plains and lower to mid Missouri Valley.

    ...Synopsis...
    A predominantly zonal flow regime aloft will persist over the
    central U.S. through Friday. An embedded weak upper-level
    disturbance (currently over the Southwest) will migrate eastward
    across the central Plains through tomorrow, reaching the mid-MS
    River Valley by late evening. This flow regime will promote modest
    deepening of a surface low over western OK/KS through the day with
    continued northward advection of a seasonally moist air mass to the
    east of a dryline and ahead of an inverted surface trough across the Plains/upper Midwest. Thunderstorm development is anticipated along
    these boundaries by late afternoon, likely lasting into the
    overnight hours for portions of the Lower Missouri River
    Valley/Midwest.

    ...Lower Missouri River Valley...
    Thunderstorm initiation is anticipated by late afternoon across
    central NE along the inverted surface trough where warm conditions
    on the fringe of returning moisture should yield weakly capped
    thermodynamic profiles. Stronger mid-level flow across the central
    Plains will favor higher probabilities for organized convection,
    including the potential for supercells. However, weak low-level
    storm-relative winds within a deeply mixed air mass may promote outflow-dominant convection and the potential for relatively quick
    upscale growth. While discrete modes can be maintained, steep
    mid-level lapse rates and strong zonal speed shear will promote the
    potential for large/very large hail.

    Regardless, over the past 12-24 hours both deterministic and
    ensemble guidance have trended towards a more north/northwesterly
    placement of the inverted trough as well as the zone of convective
    initiation and downstream storm propagation. Based on these trends,
    15% hail and wind probabilities have been shifted northward.
    Additionally, 5% hail/wind probabilities were expanded eastward into
    portions of the Midwest where strong deep-layer wind shear and
    elevated buoyancy may maintain convective intensity through the
    overnight hours.

    ...Southern Plains...
    Persistent west/southwesterly mid-level flow will favor steep (8-9
    C/km) lapse rate advection eastward over the southern Plains through
    the next 48 hours. Despite dry conditions to the west of the
    dryline, strong diurnal heating coupled with steep lapse rates
    should yield deeply-mixed, and nearly uninhibited, profiles by late
    afternoon. Although buoyancy values will be modest, high-based
    convection over a very deeply mixed boundary layer may support
    strong to severe downburst winds. Recent HREF/REFS solutions hint
    that severe winds associated with high-based convection may develop
    as far west as west as the OK/TX Panhandles, though considerable
    spread is noted among deterministic solutions. However, a westward
    expansion of the 5% wind/Marginal contour was made to account for
    this potential.

    To the east of the dryline, strong capping at the base of the EML
    will likely limit storm coverage. However, a few recent CAM
    solutions hint that ascent along the dryline may be sufficient for
    isolated convection by late afternoon/early evening. 30 knot
    mid-level flow over the warm sector will support organization of any
    deep convection that can become sustained, including the potential
    for a supercell or two capable of large hail.

    ..Moore.. 05/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 15 05:58:49 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 150558
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 150556

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1256 AM CDT Fri May 15 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms capable of large to very large hail, wind damage and
    perhaps a couple of tornadoes will be possible Saturday afternoon
    and evening across parts of the central Plains. Scattered
    thunderstorms will also pose potential for strong to severe winds
    across the lower to mid- Missouri Valley.

    ...Synopsis...
    A trough is expected to begin to deepen across the western US as
    strengthening mid-level flow moves southward from the northern
    Pacific Friday and Saturday. Downstream across the central US,
    upper-level westerly flow will strengthen across the
    central/northern Rockies with strengthening lee troughing across the
    Plains. Persistent southerly flow through the southern and central
    Plains should establish a broad warm sector across the Plains,
    bounded to the west by a dryline and to the north by a diffuse warm
    frontal zone. Scattered thunderstorm development is expected across
    portions of the central high Plains near a developing surface low
    and along the warm front, with additional thunderstorms possible
    along the dryline from eastern Kansas to western Oklahoma. Scattered thunderstorms will also be likely across portions of the lower to
    mid Missouri Valley.

    ...Central Plains...
    As a short-wave trough moves across the central Plains late Saturday
    afternoon, scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop near the
    deepening surface low and the warm front by the afternoon across
    eastern CO, northwest KS, and western NE. A broad warm sector will
    be in place across much of the central Plains, with low to mid 60s
    dew points reaching as far north as southern Nebraska. MLCAPE around
    2000-2500 J/kg will be common by the afternoon. Initially, strong
    deep layer shear and largely linear hodographs will support
    potential for supercells capable of large to very large hail,
    damaging winds, and a tornado. As the low-level jet strengthens into
    the evening, low-level shear will increase but storm mode will also
    likely shift to become more linear, with broken clusters/bowing
    segments likely. A few of the mid-range hi-res CAMs depict a
    stronger bowing segment moving across southern Nebraska into the
    evening in concert with the increasing of the low-level jet. This
    may present a more focused corridor of significant wind potential.
    Confidence at this time in the exact location of this remains low.
    Higher probabilities may be needed in subsequent outlooks if trends
    align.

    ...Western Oklahoma/northwest Texas...
    Much of western Oklahoma and northwest Texas near the dryline will
    remain capped at the base of the EML. Strong daytime heating and
    favorable residence time within the dryline circulation may promote
    an isolated supercell or two with potential for large to very large
    hail and damaging winds by the late afternoon. Signal for
    development is most favorable near the Red River in southern
    Oklahoma where CAM guidance suggests potential and HREF calibrated
    thunder probabilities are highest.

    ...Midwest/OH Valleys...
    A leading mid-level shortwave trough with an enhanced belt of 50 kts
    winds aloft will promote widely scattered thunderstorm development
    into the mid- to upper Missouri Valley Saturday afternoon. MUCAPE
    values on the order of 1000-2000 J/kg should support deep
    convection, and effective bulk shear values near 30 knots within the
    warm frontal zone may allow for organized convection with an
    attendant threat for damaging wind.

    ..Thornton.. 05/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 15 17:29:24 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 151729
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 151727

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1227 PM CDT Fri May 15 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EXTREME
    NORTHEAST COLORADO INTO SOUTHWEST NEBRASKA AND NORTHWEST KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms capable of large to very large hail, wind damage and
    perhaps a couple of tornadoes will be possible Saturday afternoon
    and evening across parts of the central Plains. Scattered
    thunderstorms will also pose potential for strong to severe winds
    across the lower to mid- Missouri Valley.

    ...Central Plains to the OH Valley...
    Amplification of the pattern will occur this weekend as a midlevel
    trough digs south-southeastward over the northern Rockies/Great
    Basin, with downstream lee cyclogenesis expected in the vicinity of
    southeast CO. Within the warm sector of the cyclone, an influx of
    mid-upper 60s boundary-layer dewpoints will persist from OK/KS into
    the lower MO Valley and the OH Valley. Remnants of D1 convection
    could be ongoing at the start of the period across parts of MO/IL,
    with the possibility of an MCV moving eastward during the day across
    the OH Valley. Isolated wind damage and large hail will be possible
    with loosely organized clusters during the day into the OH Valley.
    Isolated severe storms will also be possible during the afternoon
    along the outflow-reinforced front across northern MO.

    The primary severe threat is expected to increase Saturday
    afternoon/evening, starting in northeast CO and spreading eastward
    into NE and adjacent areas of northwest KS. Upslope flow north of
    the lee cyclone and westward advection of low-level moisture beneath
    steep midlevel lapse rates will result in moderate-large buoyancy
    near the warm front. Storm initiation is probable by mid-late
    afternoon in northeast CO, and storms will subsequently spread
    eastward toward southwest NE/northwest KS. Wind profiles with long
    hodographs will favor supercells capable of producing very large
    hail (up to 3 inches in diameter). Low-level shear and moisture
    will become sufficient for a few tornadoes as the storms move
    farther east toward the CO/KS/NE border region. Upscale growth into
    a cluster/MCS will also be possible Saturday evening, with an
    increase in the potential for severe outflow gusts of 65-80 mph.

    Farther south, thunderstorm development along the dryline is more
    questionable given a warm elevated mixed layer and (at best) weak
    forcing for ascent. Still, hot temperatures/deep mixing could
    support isolated, high-based storms with the conditional threat for
    large hail and strong outflow gusts.

    ..Thompson.. 05/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 16 06:02:28 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 160602
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 160601

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0101 AM CDT Sat May 16 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CENTRAL
    NEBRASKA TO SOUTHWEST MINNESOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are expected Sunday afternoon into Sunday night from
    portions of the central Plains into the Upper Midwest. Supercells
    with very large hail and tornadoes are possible, before upscale
    storm growth leads to an increase in the wind damage threat.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough currently across the Pacific Northwest will
    deepen D2/Sunday, moving across Great Basin into the Four Corners
    into early D3/Monday. Elevated convection will likely be ongoing at
    the start of the period across portions of northern Nebraska into
    Iowa. Westerly flow will overspread the central/northern Plains as a
    lead shortwave moves across western Kansas into Nebraska through the
    day before shifting into the Upper Midwest. A surface cyclone will
    deepen across eastern Colorado/western Kansas with strong moist
    southerly flow and mid 60s dew points extending across much of the
    central and southern Plains. Thunderstorm development is expected by
    the afternoon from a stationary boundary/warm front across central
    Nebraska southward to the dryline across central Kansas and perhaps
    as far south as the Oklahoma/Texas Panhandles.

    ...NE to MN...
    Strong daytime heating and destabilization should occur behind
    morning convection across Nebraska into Iowa through broken cloud
    cover. Better clearing will be possible across
    southeastern/south-central Nebraska where fewer clouds will be
    present. Overall, a broad corridor of MLCAPE around 2000-3000 J/kg
    and strong deep layer shear should extend across southern Nebraska
    into western Iowa just south of the warm front. Strengthening
    southerly 700-850 mb flow is expected through the afternoon, with a
    low-level jet around 40-50 kts across central Kansas into eastern
    Nebraska. By the afternoon, guidance suggests that supercells may
    develop near the stationary front/warm front in eastern Nebraska.
    Given the environment, these will be capable of large to very large
    hail (some 2-3 inches), damaging wind, and a few tornadoes (some
    strong). Through time, convection will likely cluster and grow
    upscale with a damaging wind threat continuing downstream into
    southeast SD, northwest IA and southwest MN through Sunday night.

    ...Western KS to TX Panhandles...
    Forcing for ascent will be weaker with southern extent into western Kansas/western Oklahoma near the dryline. Soundings across these
    regions also indicate capping at the base of the EML, which may be
    difficult to overcome. Nonetheless, a few isolated supercells may
    develop along the dryline as the low-level jet increases through the
    evening. These will pose a risk for large to very large hail and
    damaging winds.

    ..Thornton.. 05/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 16 17:36:01 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 161735
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 161734

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1234 PM CDT Sat May 16 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS FAR
    NORTHEAST COLORADO...PORTIONS OF NEBRASKA...SOUTHEAST SOUTH
    DAKOTA...FAR SOUTHWEST MINNESOTA...AND NORTHWEST IA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are expected Sunday afternoon into Sunday night from
    portions of the central Plains into the Upper Midwest. Supercells
    with very large hail and strong tornadoes are possible, before one
    or more linear bands of storms leads to an increase in the wind
    damage risk.

    ...Synopsis...

    A strong upper trough will dig across the western U.S. and pivot
    east toward the Rockies/Four Corners vicinity on Sunday into early
    Monday. Meanwhile, an early day upper shortwave impulse is expected
    to be located over MN/IA. This feature will lift northeast across
    the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes through Saturday evening. Enhanced
    southwesterly deep layer flow will overspread the central High
    Plains to the Upper Midwest while mid to upper 60s F dewpoints
    spread north across portions of the southern/central Plains to the
    Mid-MO/MS Valley and as far north as southern MN/WI.

    At the surface, a lee low will deepen across southeast CO into
    western KS. A sharp dryline is expected to extend southward across
    west-central KS into far western OK/TX. Meanwhile, a cold front will
    extend from eastern SD/central NE into northeast CO by afternoon,
    while a warm front extends west to east across southern MN/WI and
    into Lower MI. These boundaries will be focus for severe
    thunderstorm development during the afternoon/evening.

    ...Northeast CO into NE/SD/MN/IA...

    A volatile environment is expected to develop Sunday afternoon,
    particularly across parts of NE/SD/MN/IA. Initial thunderstorm
    development is expected across northeast CO into southwest NE within
    an upslope flow regime ahead of the approaching synoptic cold front.
    Low-level capping and weaker boundary layer moisture is expected
    across this area. However, even elevated convection atop the
    cooler/drier boundary layer will pose a risk for large to very large
    hail given very steep lapse rates, strong vertical shear and
    elongated/straight hodographs.

    With time, additional convection is expected to develop further east
    within the warm sector across parts of eastern NE and southeast SD
    near the triple point and on the nose of the dry slot as a subtle
    lead shortwave impulse overspreads the region. While some morning
    cloudiness and showers could be ongoing across parts of the area
    this activity is expected to quickly shift northeast and allow for
    clearing. As a result,stronger heating of the moistening airmass
    will result in a narrow corridor of strong destabilization (MLCAPE
    2500-3500 J/kg). Forecast soundings indicate supercell wind
    profiles, with effective shear greater than 40 kt across the region.
    Backed low-level winds within the warm sector, veering with height,
    will contribute to increasing low-level SRH and favorably curved
    low-level hodographs. While the corridor for discrete supercells
    will be narrow, partly due to capping and modest large-scale ascent
    and partly due to the advancing cold front resulting in upscale
    growth, the expectation is for a few supercells capable of producing
    strong tornadoes and large to very large hail across northeast
    NE/far southeast SD/southwest MN and northwest IA.

    With time, one or more linear/bowing segments is expected to develop
    near the east/southeast-advancing cold front and as the low-level
    jet increases during the evening. An attendant risk of severe wind
    gusts will accompany this activity. The severe risk will diminish
    with time and eastward extent during the nighttime hours as
    instability weakens and capping increases.

    ...KS/OK vicinity...

    A more conditional risk is expected across KS into the southern
    Plains vicinity. Capping and weak large-scale ascent will likely
    inhibit convection. Nevertheless, a favorable thermodynamic and
    kinematic environment will reside along the surface dryline from
    west-central KS into western OK and eastern parts of the TX
    Panhandle toward western north TX. Hot conditions behind the dryline
    and moderate low-level convergence, particularly across the
    northwest OK vicinity, may support sufficient mixing/deeper dryline circulations such that a few storms develop. If these storms
    develop, they will likely be higher based. Given very steep low to
    midlevel lapse rates, moderate instability, and supercell wind
    profiles, large to very large hail and strong/severe wind gusts will
    be possible. Any storms that develop may struggle to move off the
    dryline, and the corridor for severe potential will likely remain
    confined.

    ...Lower MI...

    Isolated thunderstorm are possible Sunday afternoon as a warm front
    lifts northward and a weak upper shortwave impulse overspreads the
    region. Weak to moderate destabilization is forecast as low-level
    moisture increases beneath modest midlevel lapse rates. While
    low-level winds will be light, vertically veering wind profiles and
    increasing southwesterly mid/upper level flow will support organized
    updrafts. Isolated gusty winds or small hail could occur with any
    surface-based storms that occur into the evening hours.

    ..Leitman.. 05/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 17 06:02:08 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 170602
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 170600

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0100 AM CDT Sun May 17 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF
    CENTRAL AND NORTHEASTERN KANSAS INTO FAR SOUTHEASTERN NEBRASKA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Numerous severe thunderstorms are expected to develop Monday along a
    cold front and dryline extending from the Great Lakes into the
    central/southern Plains. Supercells capable of all hazards
    (including very large hail and strong to intense tornadoes) will
    likely occur across central Kansas into southeastern Nebraska.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Monday, a mid-level trough will deepen and lift out of the Four
    Corners into the central Plains as a belt of enhanced westerly flow
    moves within the mean flow. As this westerly flow overspreads the
    Rockies, deepening of a surface cyclone across eastern Colorado is
    expected, with strengthening of southerly surface flow across the southern/central Plains. Convection is likely to be ongoing in the
    vicinity of a lead shortwave across portions of Iowa into Wisconsin
    at the start of the D2/Monday period.

    A front will extend from the surface low in eastern Colorado
    northward across southeast NE/IA/WI. A surface dryline will be
    located across central Kansas extending southward into western
    Oklahoma and southwestern Texas. Mid 60s to 70s dew points will be
    common east of the dryline and northward ahead of the cold front
    into the Great Lakes. Numerous severe thunderstorms are expected to
    develop along the cold front southward to the dryline by the
    afternoon. A corridor of enhanced severe potential will exist across
    central KS/southeastern NE/southwest IA/northwest MO.

    ...Central KS into southeast NE/southwest IA/northwest MO...
    Near the triple point of the surface low/dryline/cold front across
    central Kansas, a more favorable corridor of severe potential will
    exist Monday afternoon. Morning cloud cover should erode across
    central Kansas by the afternoon allowing for strong daytime heating
    and warming. Temperatures ahead of the dryline will approach the mid
    to upper 80s, with dew points in the upper 60s to 70s. This will
    yield and axis of moderate to strong MLCAPE around 3500-4500 J/kg
    extending from central Kansas into southeastern Nebraska. MLCIN will
    erode through the afternoon by around 18-20z with initiation
    expected along the dryline and cold front to the north by around
    20-21z. Forecast soundings indicate favorable kinematics to support
    organized supercells, given deep layer shear around 40-50 kts.
    Initial supercells will be capable of large to giant hail (2-4+
    inch) given steep low to mid-level lapse rates around 7-8 C/km. Hail probabilities were increased with this outlook to support this
    potential.

    The southerly low-level jet is progged to increase as large scale
    ascent spreads eastward through the afternoon, peaking around 40-50
    kts by the 00-03z across northern OK into central KS. Strengthening
    flow in the 850-700 mb layer will elongate low-level hodographs with
    broad clockwise curvature in the 0-2 km layer and rapidly increasing
    low-level SRH. Forecast soundings indicate 0-1 km SRH will approach
    250-300 m2/s2 across portions of central/eastern KS. This in
    combination with the volatile thermodynamic environment will support
    an increase in tornado potential through the evening. Should
    discrete supercells be maintained, strong to intense tornadoes will
    be possible primarily from central to northeastern KS into
    southeastern NE. Given southwesterly deep layer shear is oriented
    somewhat parallel to the southwest to northeast cold front, storms
    near the front may cluster and grow upscale. Better potential exists
    for a more semi-discrete supercell across central Kansas ahead of
    the dryline. A few HREF members do support potential for this
    scenario, with long UH tracks across KS into southern Nebraska.
    Tornado probabilities were increased from east-central KS into
    southeastern NE/southern IA/northwestern MS.

    ...Central IA into portions of IL/KY/WI/IN/Lower MI...
    Elevated thunderstorm activity will be likely at the beginning of
    the period across portions of Iowa/Wisconsin. This will pose some
    risk for a few instances of severe hail. Guidance suggests that
    recovery will occur by the afternoon across this region with
    thunderstorms redeveloping along the cold front and re-intensifying
    of downstream convection the into the afternoon. Initial morning
    convection may pose some wind/hail risk into IL/IN/western KY.
    Additional development by the evening along the cold front to the
    north will pose some wind/hail risk across portions of the upper
    Midwest.

    ...OK/TX...
    A more conditional severe risk exists further south across OK/TX.
    Large-scale ascent will remain weaker further south. However, strong instability within the very moist warm sector will exist. Deep layer
    flow will be somewhat less compared to further north, but still
    sufficient for supercells. If storms can develop, a risk for large
    to very large hail and perhaps a tornado will exist.

    ..Thornton.. 05/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 17 17:32:10 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 171732
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 171730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 PM CDT Sun May 17 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL
    KANSAS TO SOUTHEAST NEBRASKA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Numerous severe thunderstorms are expected to develop Monday along a
    cold front and dryline extending from the Great Lakes into the
    central/southern Plains. Supercells capable of very large hail and
    strong to intense tornadoes are most likely from central Kansas into
    southeast Nebraska.

    ...Synopsis...
    A midlevel shortwave trough, now approaching the northern Great
    Basin, will move to near the Four Corners by Monday morning and then
    eject northeastward over northwest KS/NE during the afternoon and to
    the upper MS Valley by early Tuesday. This path will be along and
    just northwest of a stalled baroclinic zone from the central Plains
    into the upper MS Valley, such that the primary height falls and
    forcing for ascent will brush the northwest side of the surface warm
    sector from KS to IA. A remnant lee cyclone will persist through
    the afternoon near the southwest KS/OK Panhandle border, prior to a
    surge of the cold front in the immediate wake of the midlevel
    trough. Downstream from the ejecting trough, surface cyclogenesis
    is expected Monday night from IA into WI along a stalled front.

    ...KS to IA...
    There are a few questions surrounding the forecast for Monday
    afternoon/night. The northeast extent of the unstable warm sector
    will depend on the persistence of rain-cooled air with morning
    convection across IA/northern MO/northwest IL. This convection and
    an associated MCV could continue eastward through the day across central/northern IL, northern IN, northwest OH and Lower MI with the
    potential for occasional wind damage and isolated large hail. The
    west edge of the remnant cold pool should modify by
    afternoon/evening from the MO/KS/NE border area into IA, prior to
    thunderstorm development along the stalled front (and immediately in
    advance of glancing influence of the ejecting midlevel trough)
    21-00z from central KS into southeast NE and western IA.

    Rich low-level moisture (boundary-layer dewpoints 68-72 F) is
    spreading northward now from TX to OK and will be established in the
    warm sector Monday. The moisture will reside beneath an elevated
    mixed layer with 8-9 C/km midlevel lapse rates and will combine with
    daytime heating to drive MLCAPE of 3000-4000 J/kg. Mass response to
    the ejecting wave and the typical evening ramp up of a low-level jet
    will result in favorable wind profiles/hodographs for supercells
    capable of producing strong-intense tornadoes and very large hail.
    The duration of a semi-discrete storm mode is another question,
    given the parallel orientation of the stalled front and the
    deep-layer shear vectors, in combination with focused ascent. Thus,
    the strong tornado threat will peak prior to upscale growth into
    line segments along the front, with severe outflow gusts and
    embedded circulations becoming the main concerns into Monday night.

    ...OK/northwest TX...
    Storm development along the dryline to the south in OK/northwest TX
    is more uncertain given little forcing for ascent. If storms do
    form, there will be a conditional threat for tornadoes and very
    large hail. A consistent forecast weakness in the flow above 500 mb
    by late afternoon/evening does not appear favorable for particularly
    long-lived storms if they do form. The more probable scenario
    remains a back-building line of storms along the cold front with
    occasional hail/wind Monday night.

    ..Thompson.. 05/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon May 18 05:56:17 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 180556
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 180554

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1254 AM CDT Mon May 18 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE GREAT
    LAKES TO THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered severe thunderstorms will be possible along a cold
    front extending from the Great Lakes into the Ohio Valley and the
    southern Plains on Tuesday. Damaging winds and large hail will be
    the primary threats.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will lift across the Great Lakes Region on
    D2/Tuesday with a surface low moving east across southern Ontario
    and Quebec. A trailing cold front will be located from the Great
    Lakes south into the Ohio and mid Mississippi Valleys into the
    Southern Plains. Convection will likely be ongoing across this
    boundary at the beginning of the D2/Tuesday period.

    ...Great Lakes Vicinity to the Lower Ohio Valley...
    Some convection may be ongoing across the cold front towards the
    beginning of the D2 period, with additional development likely by
    the afternoon along the eastward shifting cold front. Enhanced
    mid-level flow aloft and weak to moderate instability will support
    organized storms with potential for damaging winds and isolated
    large hail. Additional afternoon thunderstorm development may extend
    into the Northeast with potential for large hail and damaging wind.

    ...Mid Mississippi Valley to Southern Plains...
    Convection will be ongoing at the start of the period from the mid
    Mississippi Valley driven by the cold front and potential cold pool propagation. These boundaries will be the focus of
    re-intensification of convection in the afternoon. Mid-level flow
    aloft will be weaker across the region but sufficient shear for
    organization should remain in place. A plume of more favorable
    moderate to strong instability will be available across
    central/northern Texas into southern Oklahoma. With afternoon
    development, steep low to mid level lapse rates and moderate
    instability will support potential for a few large hail reports.
    With time, upscale growth will support a downstream damaging wind
    risk.

    ..Thornton.. 05/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon May 18 17:22:19 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 181722
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 181720

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1220 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE GREAT
    LAKES INTO SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered severe thunderstorms will be possible along a cold
    front extending from the Great Lakes into the Ohio Valley and the
    southern Plains on Tuesday. Damaging winds and large hail will be
    the primary threats.

    ...Synopsis...

    A short-wave trough over the northern Plains into upper MS Valley
    Tuesday morning will translate northeast into Ontario with an
    associated belt of strong mid-level flow overspreading the Great
    Lakes. The stronger mid-level winds will extend southwest into the
    central High Plains, downstream from a positively tilted trough
    moving through the Great Basin and lower CO Valley.

    At the surface, low pressure associated with northern Plains
    disturbance will develop from the upper Great Lakes through
    southeast Ontario into Quebec. Meanwhile, a trailing cold front will
    move through the Great Lakes and OH Valley, with the trailing
    extension of the boundary advancing through the mid MS Valley and
    southern Plains. The cold front and any preceding outflow boundaries
    associated with early-day convection will serve as the main foci for
    diurnally enhanced strong to severe storm development.


    ...Ohio Valley into the Great Lakes and New England...

    A southwesterly low-level jet will sustain a moist boundary layer
    across the pre-frontal warm sector with dewpoints in the 60s to
    perhaps low 70s in the OH Valley. The moisture will combine with
    daytime heating to support MLCAPE ranging from 1000-1500 J/kg across
    the mid/lower Great Lakes into New England, with as high as
    2000-3000 J/kg forecast in the OH Valley. A broad zone of low-level
    warm advection coupled with the glancing influence of the Ontario
    short-wave trough are expected to support a gradual increase in
    thunderstorm coverage and intensity through the afternoon along and
    ahead of the synoptic cold front.

    The strongest low/mid-level flow and resultant deep-layer shear is
    forecast to reside across the Great Lakes and northern New England,
    where transient bowing and/or supercell structures appear possible.
    Weaker shear with southward extent into the OH Valley will be
    supportive of multicell clusters. Damaging wind gusts appear to be
    the primary hazard in both regimes, though isolated occurrences of
    marginally severe hail are also possible.


    ...Mid Mississippi Valley into the Southern Plains...

    Thunderstorms are expected to be ongoing Tuesday morning along or
    ahead of the cold front from the Ozarks into OK. Daytime heating of
    the downstream air mass coupled with boundary-layer dewpoints in the
    60s to low 70s and steepening mid-level lapse rates with
    southwestward extent will support moderate to strong afternoon
    instability with MLCAPE of 2000-3000+ J/kg. The 12z models suggest
    that a subset of the early-day storms will intensify by afternoon
    across the Ozark Plateau with additional thunderstorm development
    anticipated along the synoptic cold front and preceding convective
    outflow boundaries from the mid MS Valley into the southern Plains.
    There is some model signal that one or multiple, weak disturbances
    will translate from the southern Plains into Ozark Plateau during
    the day, which will aid in the diurnally enhanced storm development.


    As alluded to in the synopsis, the strongest mid-level flow and
    associated vertical shear is expected remain confined to the
    post-frontal air mass. The exception will be across parts of the TX
    Permian Basin into the Big Bend and Edwards Plateau, where easterly
    low-level winds ahead of front will augment modest mid-level flow to
    support 30-40 kt of effective bulk shear. As such, predominant
    convective modes will be multicell clusters and line segments
    capable of damaging winds and marginally severe hail. Large hail
    potential (some hailstones in excess of 2") increases with
    southwestward extent into TX owing to steeper mid-level lapse rates
    and the potential for supercell storm modes, given the stronger
    vertical shear.

    ..Mead.. 05/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue May 19 05:49:58 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 190549
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 190548

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1248 AM CDT Tue May 19 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTHERN
    NEW ENGLAND INTO THE MID-ATLANTIC AND OVER THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS
    INTO SOUTHWEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorm activity across the Mid-Atlantic region
    Wednesday may pose a risk for severe wind and hail. Large hail will
    be possible with isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms
    developing over the southern High Plains into southwest Texas.

    ...Synopsis...
    A trough will continue to lift northward into Canada D2/Wednesday,
    with a cold front extending from the Northeast southward across the
    southern Ohio Valley into the lower Mississippi Valley and westward
    into southwestern Texas and eastern New Mexico. Scattered strong to
    severe storms are expected near the front in the mid Atlantic and
    near the high terrain of western Texas.

    ...Mid-Atlantic...
    Scattered showers and storms are expected along the cold front
    Wednesday afternoon across portions of the Mid-Atlantic. The
    downstream air mass will include a narrow plume of weak to moderate instability. Though deep layer shear and mid-level lapse rates will
    be marginal, steep low level lapse rates will support a few
    instances of strong to severe winds.

    ...Southwest Texas and eastern New Mexico...
    Isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop
    near the high terrain within the upslope flow regime across western
    Texas and eastern New Mexico Wednesday afternoon. Forecast soundings
    depict sufficient deep layer shear to support supercells. Moderate
    to strong instability and steep low to mid-level lapse rates will
    support potential for large hail and a few occurrences of severe
    winds.

    ..Thornton.. 05/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue May 19 17:20:01 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 191719
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 191718

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1218 PM CDT Tue May 19 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    SOUTHWEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to widely scattered severe storms are expected Wednesday
    afternoon into night across portions of southwest Texas into eastern
    New Mexico. Large hail --potentially in excess of two inches-- will
    be the predominant severe-weather hazard. Isolated occurrences of
    severe wind and/or marginally severe hail are expected Wednesday
    afternoon into early evening from the Cumberland Plateau into
    Mid-Atlantic and southern New England.

    ...Synopsis...

    A low-amplitude short-wave trough will move through the base of an
    eastern Canada trough, with a belt of strong mid/upper-level winds overspreading New England. Elsewhere, a short-wave trough initially
    near the Four Corners will weaken Wednesday while moving into
    confluent flow over the central High Plains. There is some model
    signal for a lower-latitude impulse to move through northern Mexico
    into NM and western TX Wednesday afternoon and evening.

    In the low levels, a cold front will move south through New England
    and the Mid-Atlantic with the western extension of the boundary
    weakening through the forecast period across TX.


    ...Eastern New Mexico into southwest Texas and the Edwards
    Plateau...

    Boundary-layer dewpoints in the mid 50s to low 60s will combine with
    steep mid-level lapse rates to yield a moderately unstable air mass
    by afternoon with MLCAPE increasing to 1500-2000 J/kg across
    portions of southwest TX into the Edwards Plateau. Instability is
    expected to decrease with northward extent in the immediate lee of
    the Guadalupe, Sacramento, and Sangre De Cristo mountains, due to
    limited boundary-layer moisture content.

    Isolated to widely scattered thunderstorm development is anticipated
    by mid/late afternoon along favored terrain, with initiation
    potentially being aided by the mid-level disturbance mentioned in
    the synopsis. A slight enhancement of the mid-level flow is forecast
    across the area in association with the disturbance, which will
    contribute to 35-45 kt of effective bulk shear across the
    instability axis. As such, supercell storm modes appear likely,
    especially across southwest TX where the strongest instability is
    expected to reside. Large hail potentially in excess of 2" will be
    the predominant hazard with the afternoon and early evening storms.
    A number of the 12z models suggest that the daytime storms will grow
    upscale into an MCS across portions of the Permian Basin and Concho
    Valley into Edwards Plateau Wednesday evening into night with a risk
    for locally damaging wind gusts and large hail.

    Given the above considerations, a level 2/Slight Risk has been added
    where confidence is highest in longer-lived supercell potential.


    ...Cumberland Plateau into Mid-Atlantic and southern New England...

    A hot and a moist air mass is forecast to develop ahead of the front
    Wednesday afternoon with MLCAPE increasing to 1000-2000 J/kg with
    minimal capping. Convergence along the front along with terrain
    influences are expected to foster a gradual increase in thunderstorm
    coverage and intensity Wednesday afternoon from northern parts of
    the Cumberland Plateau into the Mid-Atlantic and southern New
    England. The strongest vertical shear is expected to reside to the
    north of the surface warm sector, which coupled with poor mid-level
    lapse rates, should limit the potential for organized storm modes.
    Nonetheless, model soundings indicate the presence of 1.0-1.5 km
    deep, well-mixed boundary-layers, which will be supportive of
    locally damaging downburst winds through the afternoon into early
    evening. Isolated occurrences of marginally severe hail are also
    possible.

    ..Mead.. 05/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed May 20 05:54:37 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 200554
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 200552

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1252 AM CDT Wed May 20 2026

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF SOUTHEASTERN COLORADO...NORTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO...AND THE FAR
    WESTERN OKLAHOMA AND TEXAS PANHANDLES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms are possible across parts of the central and
    southern High Plains Thursday afternoon and evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level shortwave will translate eastward across the central
    Rockies on D2/Thursday. At the surface, a cold front will move
    through the northern High Plains while a secondary stationary front
    remains in place from the Carolinas through the Tennessee Valley
    into Ozark Plateau. A few strong to severe storms capable of large
    hail and damaging wind will be possible near the front range in
    Colorado.

    ...Central and Southern High Plains...
    Upslope flow into eastern Colorado will combine with modest
    upper-level forcing for ascent to allow for isolated to widely
    scattered thunderstorms near the high terrain. Steep lapse rates,
    MLCAPE 500-1000 J/kg, and deep layer shear around 30-35 kts from
    south of I-70 will allow for a few better organized cells capable of
    large hail and damaging wind. This threat will decrease with eastern
    extent into KS/OK where strengthening MLCIN will temper the severe
    threat downstream.

    Additional areas of scattered thunderstorm activity will be possible
    across southern Oklahoma into northern/central Texas and across far
    western Texas in the afternoon. Generally weak deep layer shear
    should limit the severe risk. A few instances of gusty winds and
    small hail will be possible.

    ...Elsewhere...
    Widely scattered thunderstorms are expected across the northern
    Rockies into the northern Plains near the upper-low. Weak moisture
    and limited instability will likely keep storms sub-severe. Widely
    scattered thunderstorms will also be likely south of the stationary
    front from the Carolinas into the Tennessee and Mississippi Valleys.
    While marginal instability will be in place, weak deep layer shear
    profiles will lead to more disorganized storms and limit the overall
    severe threat.

    ..Thornton.. 05/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 21 05:52:06 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 210552
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 210550

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1250 AM CDT Thu May 21 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe storms will be possible across portions
    of the southern Plains with potential for large hail and damaging
    wind.

    ...Synopsis...
    Two weak shortwaves, with one wave in central Plains and a secondary
    wave into the Tennessee/Ohio Valleys, are forecast within the
    broader Northern Rockies trough through afternoon on D2/Friday. A
    surface low will be located across eastern New Mexico/southeastern
    Colorado with a front lifting northward into Kansas and a dryline
    extending southward into southwestern Texas. Another surface low
    will develop across the Mississippi and Ohio Valleys with a warm
    front lifting northward across Kentucky. These features will be the
    focus for scattered thunderstorm development in both regions by the afternoon/evening.

    ...Southern and Central Plains...
    Scattered thunderstorm development is expected across the Cap Rock
    near the dryline in Texas and back into eastern New Mexico along the
    high terrain Friday afternoon and evening. Steep low to mid-level
    lapse rates will be in place across much of the region from eastern
    New Mexico into western Texas. Dew points in the mid 50s to low 60s
    and daytime heating will yield moderate instability amid deep layer
    shear around 30-40 kts. This will promote initial supercells across
    the high terrain with potential for additional multi-cell clusters
    through time. These may grow upscale into an MCS into western
    Oklahoma by the evening. The primary risk will be for large hail
    before the damaging wind risk increases into the evening.
    A few additional strong thunderstorms may extend into portions of
    southern Kansas. The thermodynamic environment becomes less
    favorable with northern extent due to widespread cloud cover and
    morning precipitation. However, increasing mid-level flow and shear
    may allow for a few organized cells with potential for large hail
    and strong to severe wind further north.

    ...Tennessee and Ohio Valleys...
    A warm front will lift across northern Tennessee into Kentucky
    through the afternoon on Friday, with 60-70s dew points streaming
    northward ahead of the approaching mid-level wave. Modest height
    falls are expected across western Kentucky into the Ohio Valley,
    with an increase in 850-700 mb flow. Widely scattered thunderstorms
    are expected overnight into Friday morning. An increase in this
    activity can be expected as a vorticity maxima and increasing large
    scale ascent into the afternoon occurs. Though instability will be
    marginal, guidance does suggest a plume of higher theta-e air may
    advect into western/central Kentucky by the afternoon. In addition,
    guidance suggests a few transient supercells will be possible with
    potential for damaging winds and perhaps a tornado.

    ..Thornton.. 05/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 21 17:22:41 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 211722
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 211720

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1220 PM CDT Thu May 21 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms capable of large hail and damaging winds are
    possible across western parts of Texas and Oklahoma. An isolated
    hail threat may extend into central Kansas, with sporadic
    occurrences of damaging wind and perhaps a few brief tornadoes from
    the central Gulf Coast into the Tennessee and Ohio Valleys.

    ...Synopsis...

    A short-wave trough over the northern and central High Plains Friday
    morning will become negatively tilted while translating through the
    upper MS Valley, ahead of a weaker, upstream disturbance moving
    through the central Rockies into central High Plains. Meanwhile, a
    series of lower-latitude disturbances will progress from the
    southern Plains and lower MS Valley into the TN and OH Valleys.

    At the surface, an area of low pressure will track from SD into
    northwest MN with a trailing cold front advancing east/southeast
    through the central Plains, and south into the southern High Plains
    where it will link with a secondary low pressure. A dryline is
    expected to sharpen through the afternoon from the intersection of
    the cold front in the vicinity of the TX South Plains into the
    Edwards Plateau. Elsewhere, a surface low is forecast to develop
    from western TN into IN/OH with an associated warm front lifting
    north into the OH Valley.


    ...Central and Southern Plains...

    An axis of 50s to low 60s dewpoints is expected to reside ahead of
    the cold front and dryline, with the steepest mid-level lapse rates
    confined to the southern High Plains portion of the warm sector.
    Resultant MLCAPE of 1500-2500 J/kg is forecast over western TX into
    the southern Panhandle, with instability decreasing with
    northeastward extent across KS and NE.

    Showers and thunderstorms are expected to develop early in the day
    along the front in NE with additional storms forming southwestward
    along the boundary during the afternoon from central KS into the
    southern TX Panhandle or TX South Plains, with more isolated
    development possible south along the dryline. Additional storms are
    possible in the immediate post-frontal environment in northeast NE.

    The most favorable overlap of moderate instability and around 30 kt
    of deep-layer shear is expected to reside over parts of western TX
    and the Panhandle where the potential will exist for supercell storm
    modes with the predominant hazard being large hail. Storms may tend
    to grow upscale into an MCS with a wind and hail threat spreading
    into parts of western OK and northwest TX Friday evening.

    Lesser-organized multicell structures appear possible from central
    KS into southeast NE. The best potential for marginally severe hail
    is expected over central KS where comparably (to NE) stronger
    instability will develop.


    ...Central Gulf Coast and Southeast into Ohio Valley...

    Some enhancement of the mid-level wind field will occur in
    association with the disturbances mentioned in the synopsis. Of
    potentially greater importance to severe-weather potential is the
    presence of a 25-40 kt low-level jet, which will persist through the
    day from the central Gulf Coast north toward the OH River amidst a
    moist and marginally to moderately unstable air mass with afternoon
    MLCAPE of 500-1500+ J/kg.

    Scattered to numerous thunderstorms are expected within the
    northward-expanding warm sector, with the strongest instability
    confined to cloud-free areas where greater daytime heating can
    occur. Embedded strong to severe storms will be most probable in
    those areas, and given the presence of 30-35 kt deep-layer shear,
    some potential for storm organization will exist, despite the
    existence of poor mid-level lapse rates. A corridor of stronger
    low-level shear (i.e., effective SRH of 100-200 m2/s2) is forecast
    from eastern MS and western AL through middle TN into OH, along the
    low-level jet axis, where a few brief tornadoes appear possible.
    Otherwise, locally damaging downburst winds appear to be the primary
    hazard.

    ..Mead.. 05/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 22 05:59:46 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 220559
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 220558

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1258 AM CDT Fri May 22 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE SOUTHERN PLAINS AND SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to potentially severe storms appear possible from
    the Raton Mesa vicinity into the Oklahoma and Texas Panhandles and
    southward near the middle Texas Coast. Additional severe
    thunderstorms will be possible in portions of central Georgia.

    ...Synopsis...
    A weak impulse will rotate across the central Plains on D2/Saturday
    as a surface low moves northward across the Ohio Valley. A trailing
    cold front will extend from the surface low back into the southern
    Plains. Widely scattered thunderstorm activity will be possible
    from the central/southern Plains into the lower Mississippi Valley
    and across the Southeast. A few stronger storms may be possible
    across portions of the southern Plains and the southeastern US.

    ...TX/OK Panhandles...
    Weak forcing for ascent and easterly upslope flow across the Caprock
    and into the higher terrain in eastern New Mexico will produce
    scattered thunderstorm activity Saturday afternoon. These are
    progged to move eastward downstream across the Panhandles into
    portions of western Oklahoma. Forecast soundings suggest a plume of
    steep to low mid-level lapse rates will still reside across the
    OK/TX Panhandles with mid 50s to 60s dew points and moderate
    instability. Shear profiles will be marginal, with deep layer shear
    around 25-30 kts. Nonetheless, a few more organized storms may
    produce strong to severe wind and instances of severe hail.

    ...Middle Texas Coast...
    Thunderstorm activity is expected to form near the Edwards Plateau
    on Saturday afternoon and move south and east towards the middle
    Texas coast. Ahead of this, moderate to strong afternoon instability
    and steep low to mid-level lapse rates will be in place across
    portions of southern Texas. Some enhancement of
    deep-layer shear is forecast across south TX, which will may provide opportunity for cold pool organization and damaging wind.

    ...Central/Southern Georgia...
    A weak shortwave will move across Georgia Saturday afternoon as
    widely scattered thunderstorm development occurs. Most guidance
    suggests deep layer shear around 30-40 kts which may allow for a few
    more organized cells. These may produce a few instances of strong to
    severe wind.

    ..Thornton.. 05/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 22 17:30:20 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 221730
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 221728

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1228 PM CDT Fri May 22 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...TEXAS HILL COUNTRY INTO DEEP SOUTH TEXAS
    AND MIDDLE TEXAS COAST...GEORGIA INTO UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA...PARTS
    OF UPPER OHIO VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to potentially severe storms appear possible on
    Saturday from the Raton Mesa vicinity into the Oklahoma and Texas
    Panhandles and southward near the middle Texas Coast. Additional
    severe thunderstorms will be possible in portions of central Georgia
    and parts of the Upper Ohio Valley.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Moderate mid-level flow across the central Rockies will persist in
    the wake of a shortwave trough lifting into the northern Plains.
    Flow will generally weaken with southern extent into the High
    Plains. Even so, moist southeasterly winds into the higher terrain
    will promote effective shear around 35 kt. The main question will be
    the quality of the moisture with convection expected to impact parts
    of the region on Friday evening into the overnight. The most likely
    scenario is that isolated storm development occur within the Raton
    Mesa and evolves eastward/southeastward. Storms would be initially
    supercells capable of large hail and severe winds. Shear does weaken
    to the east so some clustering is possible as outflow interact.
    Another possibility, though more uncertain, is that convection could
    develop farther southeast along a remnant outflow boundary, but this
    activity would likely move into an environment with weaker shear
    quickly.

    ...Upper Ohio Valley...
    A shortwave trough now in the Mid-South will lift northeast into the
    Ohio Valley/Great Lakes on Saturday. A modest surface low, though
    slowly weakening with time, will pull upper 60s F dewpoints into
    parts of the region. Morning precipitation is expected to clear out
    and allow for at least filtered surface heating. The enhanced 850 mb
    winds, proximity to the warm front, and modest effective shear
    (around 30 kt) could potentially support a stronger storm or two.
    Though conditional, a brief tornado would be possible in this
    environment.

    ...Georgia/South Carolina...
    A weak shortwave trough will move into Georgia. Low 70s F dewpoints
    and temperatures in the 80s F will support 1500-2500 J/kg MLCAPE
    despite weak mid-level lapse rates. Scattered to numerous storms
    appear possible near the shortwave as well as along the wedge front
    in South Carolina. Shear will be weak, but a few water-loaded
    downbursts may produce damaging winds.

    ...Hill Country/South Texas/Middle Texas Coast...
    A shortwave trough within the subtropical jet will approach the
    region during the afternoon/early evening. A very moist (70+
    dewpoints) airmass will be in place. Isolated to widely scattered
    convection will be possible from the Rio Grande vicinity and perhaps
    along the Gulf Breeze front. Effective shear of 30-40 kt and steep low/mid-level lapse rates will support the threat of large hail and
    severe winds.

    ..Wendt.. 05/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 23 05:55:28 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 230555
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 230553

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1253 AM CDT Sat May 23 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL
    NEBRASKA INTO SOUTHWEST MINNESOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered thunderstorm activity will be possible from the southern/central Plains to the southeastern US into the lower Ohio
    Valley. A few stronger storms may be possible from central Nebraska
    into southwest Minnesota.

    ...Synopsis...
    Widely scattered afternoon thunderstorms are likely south of a
    stationary front extending from the southern Plains into the lower
    Ohio Valley. A few additional thunderstorms will be possible across
    the southern High Plains within the easterly upslope regime. A weak
    shortwave trough will move across the central/northern Plains into
    the Upper Midwest on D2/Sunday, which may be a focus of thunderstorm development across portions of Nebraska into Minnesota. Large hail
    and damaging wind will be the primary threat with these storms.

    ...Nebraska into Minnesota...
    A plume of mid 50s to 60s dew points will advect northward into
    portions of eastern Nebraska into southern Minnesota Sunday
    afternoon amid increasing southerly flow across the central/northern
    Plains. A weak shortwave will move eastward across this area with
    thunderstorm development likely by the afternoon. Forecast soundings
    suggest that deep layer shear will be sufficient to support
    supercells, with around 40 kts in the 0-6 km layer. In addition to
    the increase in moisture, steep low to mid-level lapse rates will
    also overspread the area. This, in combination with strong deep
    layer shear, will favor potential for large hail (isolated very
    large hail up to 2" in diameter). Well mixed profiles may also
    support a few instances of strong to severe wind.

    ..Thornton.. 05/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 23 17:27:26 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 231727
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 231725

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1225 PM CDT Sat May 23 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM WESTERN KS
    INTO CENTRAL/EASTERN NE...SOUTHEAST SD...SOUTHWEST MN...NORTHWEST
    IA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to locally severe storms are possible from parts of the
    central Plains into the Upper Midwest, mainly Sunday afternoon and
    evening. Isolated large to very large hail and localized severe
    gusts will be possible.

    ...Central Plains into the Upper Midwest...
    A mid/upper-level shortwave trough initially over the Upper Midwest
    will move over the Great Lakes region on Sunday. Broad southerly
    flow between a surface ridge near the mid MS Valley and a lee trough
    over the High Plains will result in some moisture return into parts
    of the central Plains and Upper Midwest, though the magnitude of
    this moisture return remains somewhat uncertain. Steep midlevel
    lapse rates and relatively cool midlevel temperatures atop the
    returning moisture will result in moderate to locally strong
    destabilization by late afternoon.

    Broad midlevel height rises are expected across the region, in the
    wake of the departing shortwave trough. However, guidance suggests
    that one or more weak midlevel vorticity maxima may aid in at least
    isolated diurnal thunderstorm development near a weak surface
    trough/dryline from central NE into southeast SD/southwest MN.
    Deep-layer flow will remain generally modest, but veering wind
    profiles and 30-40 kt of effective shear will conditionally support
    supercells, if surface-based development can be sustained. Large to
    very large hail and localized severe gusts could accompany any
    supercell development during the afternoon and evening.

    A Level 2/Slight Risk upgrade was considered for parts of the
    region, but due to uncertainties regarding low-level moisture and
    storm coverage, have opted to maintain a Level 1/Marginal Risk, with
    a conditional area highlighting very large hail potential, should
    any sustained supercells develop.

    ...Southeast/southern Appalachians...
    Scattered thunderstorm development is again expected across the
    region, within a moist and uncapped environment. A belt of 20-30 kt
    midlevel flow to the east of the mid/upper trough across TX will
    provide modest deep-layer shear, but weak midlevel lapse rates will
    tend to limit updraft intensity. Locally damaging wind cannot be
    ruled out with convection across the region, but the
    organized-severe threat currently appears too limited and nebulous
    to include probabilities at this time. If a robust MCV emerges from
    extensive convection near the Gulf Coast, then somewhat more
    organized severe potential could evolve through the day.

    ...LA Gulf Coast/Lower MS Valley vicinity...
    Widespread convection is expected to persist from D1/Saturday into
    D2/Sunday across parts of the LA Gulf Coast and lower MS Valley, as
    the nearly stationary mid/upper trough over TX interacts with rich
    moisture. Generally weak flow and lapse rates are currently expected
    to limit the organized-severe threat. Any more organized potential
    for a brief tornado or locally damaging wind would likely be
    contingent on MCV development, but this scenario remains highly
    uncertain at this time.

    ...Lower OH Valley/Allegheny Plateau...
    Scattered thunderstorms will be possible across parts of the Ohio
    Valley and Allegheny Plateau during the afternoon, in association
    with the mid/upper trough moving across the Great Lakes region.
    Modest midlevel flow will overspread the region and isolated strong
    storms will be possible, but weak lapse rates and modest buoyancy
    are expected to limit severe potential.

    ..Dean.. 05/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 24 05:48:00 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 240547
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 240546

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1246 AM CDT Sun May 24 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe-thunderstorm potential currently appears low for
    Monday. Isolated strong storms may develop across parts of the Great
    Plains, Upper Midwest, and Southeast.

    ...Synopsis...
    A high amplitude ridge will build in from the west across the Plains
    on D2/Monday with height rises and weakening mid-level flow amid
    warming surface temperatures. An upper level low will begin to
    deepen and move inland across the Pacific Northwest. Widely
    scattered areas of thunderstorm development can be expected from the
    Southwest to the Central Plains/Upper Midwest and across the
    Southeast. A few strong storms will be possible across the Plains to
    the Midwest and in the Southeast.

    ...Central Plains into the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes region...
    While moderate buoyancy will extend across much of the Plains into
    the Midwest Monday afternoon, generally weak flow should temper the
    more organized severe threat. Modest west-northwesterly flow will
    overspread portions of MN/WI and Upper MI with a quick weak
    mid-level wave moving through the Great Lakes trough. Generally, the
    best forcing for ascent will be early with height rises expected by
    the afternoon. This leads to low confidence in thunderstorm
    development, though the air mass could conditionally support severe
    potential.

    ...Southern NM into west TX...
    An isolated strong storm or two could be possible from southern New
    Mexico into western Texas as an embedded shortwave moves across the
    Southwest. Deeply mixed profiles across New Mexico may support a
    strong to severe gust. However, the deeper moisture remains
    displaced to the east across western Texas.

    ...Parts of the Gulf Coast/Southeast...
    Widely scattered thunderstorm activity is expected overnight
    D1/Sunday into D2/Monday across the Gulf coast states. Depending on
    how this evolves and where resulting MCVs occur, a corridor of
    severe wind potential may be possible. For now confidence in the
    placement of mesoscale features remains too low.

    ..Thornton.. 05/24/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 24 17:34:33 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 241734
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 241732

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1232 PM CDT Sun May 24 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR THE MN
    ARROWHEAD REGION...PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND MIDWEST...PARTS
    OF NM/FAR WEST TX...AND PARTS OF THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe storms will be possible across parts of
    the Minnesota Arrowhead region, central Plains and Midwest,
    Southeast, and New Mexico/Far West Texas on Monday.

    ...MN Arrowhead region...
    While large-scale ascent will be nebulous at best amidst modest
    midlevel height rises, most guidance depicts strong heating and
    potential for at least isolated storm development in the vicinity of
    a cold front across parts of MN Arrowhead region during the
    afternoon. Deep-layer flow will be modest, but southwesterly surface
    winds veering to west-northwesterly aloft will result in 30-35 kt of
    effective shear, sufficient for storm organization. Relatively steep
    lapse rates and moderate buoyancy will support isolated hail and
    localized strong/damaging gusts, if storms can mature across this
    region.

    ...Central Plains into southwest MN/northwest IA...
    While forcing will generally be weak, strong diurnal heating may
    support isolated storm development in the vicinity of a weak surface trough/confluence zone from northern NE/southern SD into northwest
    IA/southwest MN. Deep-layer flow will be weak, but modest midlevel west-northwesterlies may provide sufficient deep-layer shear for
    some storm organization. Favorable lapse rates and buoyancy will
    support potential for isolated hail and localized damaging gusts.

    ...NM into Far West Texas...
    Relatively widespread convection is expected on Monday across parts
    of NM into Far West TX, in association with mid/upper-level trough
    over the Southwest. Buoyancy is expected to remain relatively modest
    across NM, but generally unidirectional southerly flow within a
    relatively well-mixed environment will support outflow-driven
    clusters capable of localized severe gusts. Strong storms may spread
    into parts of Far West TX Monday night, with a continued threat of
    strong to localized severe gusts.

    ...Southeast...
    A similar regime to previous days is expected across the Gulf
    Coast/Southeast, with widespread convection expected to the east of
    a persistent mid/upper-level trough over east TX. Water-loaded
    downdrafts will again be capable producing localized wind damage,
    with any more organized potential tied to uncertain MCV development.
    A Marginal Risk has been included from the FL Panhandle into GA,
    where there appears to be the greatest potential for preconvective heating/destabilization. If organized MCV development occurs, then
    there may be some severe potential to the west and north of this
    Marginal Risk area.

    ...Interior Northwest/Northern Rockies...
    Thunderstorm development is expected by afternoon from far eastern
    OR/WA into ID/western MT/northwest WY, in advance of a vigorous
    mid/upper-level shortwave trough moving into the Pacific Northwest.
    Much of this activity may be relatively high-based and disorganized,
    with strong outflow gusts possible. The most aggressive guidance
    regarding moistening and destabilization suggests some marginal
    supercell potential across northern ID and far western MT. Severe
    probabilities may eventually be needed across parts of the region,
    if guidance consensus trends towards a greater potential for
    organized convection.

    ..Dean.. 05/24/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon May 25 05:50:08 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 250550
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 250548

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1248 AM CDT Mon May 25 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    SOUTHWEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms will be possible across western Texas into
    southeastern New Mexico Tuesday afternoon and evening. Across this
    region, large hail, severe gusts, and perhaps a tornado will be
    possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    The pattern on D2/Tuesday will include a deepening mid-level low
    across the Pacific Northwest and height rises with a building high
    downstream across the central/northern US. A shortwave with multiple
    embedded vorticity maximas will move across Texas. This will be the
    focus of scattered severe thunderstorm development by the afternoon.


    ...Eastern New Mexico and Western Texas...
    As forcing for ascent increases across Texas Tuesday afternoon,
    widely scattered thunderstorm development is expected from the Davis
    Mountains to the Edwards Plateau and to the southern Permian Basin.
    Moderate instability and steep low to mid-level lapse rates are
    forecast across the region, with increasing deep layer shear to
    around 30-40 kts. Mode will likely include a few supercells and
    multi-cell clusters capable of large to very large hail and severe
    wind gusts. Forecast soundings indicate low-level SRH may increase
    through the late afternoon/evening, which could support some
    increase in tornado potential.

    Through time, cells are progged to cluster and move downstream into
    portions of south Texas. Should cells be able to maintain cold pool organization, damaging wind potential may extend to the southern
    Texas coast. The Slight Risk remains unchanged but a minor eastward
    expansion was given to the Marginal Risk to account for this
    potential.

    ...Montana...
    Scattered thunderstorm activity is expected with the upper trough
    across portions of southern Idaho into Montana. Modest instability
    and strengthening deep layer shear amid deeply mixed profiles may
    allow for a few stronger storms with potential for marginally severe
    hail and severe gusts.

    ..Thornton.. 05/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon May 25 17:34:09 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 251734
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 251732

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1232 PM CDT Mon May 25 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS
    WEST/SOUTHWEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms will be possible across West/southwest Texas
    into south-central Texas Tuesday afternoon and night, including
    potential for large hail, damaging winds and a couple tornadoes.

    ...Eastern New Mexico and West/south-central Texas...
    Forcing for ascent will arrive into the region Tuesday afternoon via
    a lead shortwave trough, with increasing thunderstorm development
    expected from the Davis Mountains to the Edwards Plateau and to the
    southern Permian Basin. Moderate instability and steep low to
    mid-level lapse rates are forecast across the region, with
    increasing deep layer shear to around 30-40 kt. Mode will likely
    include initially discrete supercells and multicell clusters capable
    of large to very large hail and severe wind gusts, along with a
    tornado risk as low-level winds/SRH increase particularly late in
    the day across parts of the Permian Basin. Storms should grow
    upscale by evening as they progress east-southeastward Tuesday night
    toward south-central Texas with at least some continued severe
    potential.

    ...Montana/Northern Intermountain West...
    Scattered thunderstorms are expected Tuesday afternoon into evening,
    aided by forcing for ascent related to the amplifying upper trough
    and the upper-jet exit region. Modest instability and strengthening
    deep layer shear amid deeply mixed profiles may allow for a few
    stronger storms with potential for marginally severe hail and
    locally severe wind gusts.

    ...Upper Midwest including parts of Wisconsin/Minnesota...
    While influenced by upper ridging and weak overall forcing for
    ascent, a moist/moderately unstable environment will exist
    along/south of generally southward-shifting front. Isolated to
    widely scattered thunderstorm development is plausible particularly
    into peak heating. Diurnally steepening low-level lapse rates,
    upwards of 1500-2500 J/kg MLCAPE within a weak vertical shear (20-30
    kt effective) could yield some pulse-type/multicellular storms
    capable of marginally severe hail and/or locally damaging winds.

    ...Northern Maine...
    As a shortwave trough/mid-level jet streak approaches from Quebec, a
    few strong or locally severe storms could develop into the region
    Tuesday late afternoon or early evening. Some questions linger
    regarding the degree of destabilization of timing of relevant
    features, but this will be reevaluated into the Day 1 time frame for
    a potential need for severe probabilities.

    ..Guyer.. 05/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue May 26 05:45:45 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 260545
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 260544

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1244 AM CDT Tue May 26 2026

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER CENTRAL AND
    EASTERN VIRGINIA...SOUTHERN MARYLAND...AND NORTHEAST NORTH
    CAROLINA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong storms are expected primarily over parts of
    Virginia and Maryland Wednesday afternoon and early evening. A few
    damaging gusts will be possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    Height falls will occur over the northeastern states on Wednesday as
    a positive-tilt upper trough moves across the Great Lakes and toward
    the Mid Atlantic. This will flatten the upper ridge over the
    Southeast, with increasing westerlies aloft. At the surface, a
    trough will develop from southern New England into eastern VA, with
    strong daytime heating. Dewpoints in the upper 60s F will be common,
    aiding instability.

    Elsewhere, a deep upper low will be nearly stationary from central
    CA into western NV, with a surface trough developing during the
    afternoon from UT into southern ID and eastern OR. Strong heating
    within this trough may yield scattered thunderstorms moving
    northwestward across parts of ID into OR, with locally gusty winds.

    Farther north, instability may develop over WI and vicinity, near a southwestward-moving cold front and on the back side of the upper
    trough. Isolated strong cells cannot be ruled out with gusty winds.

    ...Mid Atlantic Region...
    Scattered thunderstorms may be ongoing across parts of IN/OH/PA
    within a warm advection zone with westerly 850 mb winds. This
    activity will generally shift east/southeast during the day, as the
    air mass ahead of it destabilizes. Possible outflow from this
    activity, as well as surface convergence within the heating air mass
    should yield additional cells/clusters during the afternoon, moving east/southeast across VA, MD, and northern NC. Though lapse rates
    aloft will not be particularly steep, high PWAT along with peak
    heating and increasing winds aloft will support storm longevity,
    with possible forward-propagating clusters. Increasing deep-layer
    shear may also support cellular storm mode. A few strong to severe
    wind gusts appear most likely during the late afternoon and early
    evening.

    ..Jewell.. 05/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue May 26 17:00:17 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 261700
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 261658

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1158 AM CDT Tue May 26 2026

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ON WEDNESDAY OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE MID ATLANTIC REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms capable of damaging wind gusts may occur on Wednesday
    over parts of the Mid Atlantic Region.

    ...Mid Atlantic Region...
    A strong shortwave trough will track southeastward across Ontario on
    Wednesday, with mid-level height falls and cooling aloft occurring
    over much of the northeast states. At the surface, the primary
    surface boundary will extend from southern OH across WV/MD into
    VA/DE. A warm/humid and moderately unstable air mass will be
    present along and south of the boundary, promoting the development
    of scattered thunderstorms from eastern KY to the coast. Storms
    will track southeastward through the afternoon and early evening
    through an environment of steep low-level lapse rates and moderately
    strong westerly flow above the boundary layer. This would support a
    risk of damaging wind gusts in the more organized cells/clusters.
    Isolated afternoon thunderstorms may also form over the higher
    terrain of western NC with a risk of locally gusty/damaging winds.

    ...TX Panhandle...
    A shortwave trough currently over eastern NM will continue to rotate
    northward across the Plains on Wednesday, with the upper thermal
    trough present over eastern CO/western KS and the TX/OK Panhandles.
    A convectively enhanced surface boundary is expected to lie across
    the northern TX panhandle by afternoon, with strong heating
    occurring to the south of front. This should provide sufficient destabilization for widely scattered thunderstorm development by
    late afternoon. Despite relatively weak vertical shear, steep
    mid-level lapse rates and cool temperatures aloft suggest a risk of
    multicell storms capable of large hail.

    ..Hart.. 05/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed May 27 05:26:57 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 270526
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 270525

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1225 AM CDT Wed May 27 2026

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL
    OREGON INTO EASTERN WASHINGTON...NORTHERN IDAHO AND NORTHWEST
    MONTANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms are possible on Thursday over western
    Montana, northern Idaho, and into central Oregon/Washington. A few
    damaging gusts or marginal hail will be possible.

    ...Synopsis & Discussion...
    An upper low will move slowly from CA into NV on Thursday, with a
    leading midlevel speed max forecast to move from UT northward across
    ID, OR and WA. Cooling aloft will occur along with 40-50 kt 500 mb
    winds enhancing deep-layer shear. A surface trough will also deepen
    during the afternoon roughly from UT into eastern WA, with strong
    heating and steepening lapse rates aiding destabilization.

    Scattered storms are forecast to develop by early afternoon over
    central OR, with additional activity extending northeastward across
    northern ID, eastern WA and northwest MT. Though total CAPE values
    are questionably high by some models, sufficient instability will
    exist, along with favorable large-scale ascent and steep lapse
    rates. This will favor northwestward-moving cells and perhaps a few
    bows, with at least isolated severe gusts or marginal hail expected.

    Elsewhere, scattered storms are likely during the afternoon and
    evening from KS/OK into the Southeast. Winds aloft and shear will be
    weak across this entire region, and severe storms are largely not
    expected. Still, sporadic strong gusts cannot be ruled out.

    ..Jewell.. 05/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed May 27 17:31:57 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 271731
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 271730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 PM CDT Wed May 27 2026

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE COLUMBIA BASIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms are possible on Thursday over portions of
    the Columbia Basin with more isolated storms across the broader
    Northwest region. Damaging winds will be the primary threat, with
    some threat for large hail.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level shortwave trough currently on the western periphery of
    the broader mid-level low across California at mid-day Wednesday
    will move around the low-pressure center and emerge across the
    Northwest on Thursday. East of this low, a strong mid-level ridge
    will be maintained across the central CONUS with a mid-level trough
    in the east. This pattern will result in a mostly nebulous surface
    pattern other than a more defined area of high pressure across the
    Great Lakes.

    ...Northwest...
    Low-level moisture will increase across the Columbia Basin Wednesday
    and Thursday, primarily from the northeasterly surface flow. This
    moisture, combined with cooling air aloft and robust surface
    heating, will result in abnormally large instability across the
    region. In fact, the GFS/NAM/RAP forecast soundings show record-high
    MLCAPE values at OTX tomorrow afternoon. Given the climatological
    extreme of these values, it seems unlikely to be as high as forecast
    (1500-2000 J/kg). However, even 750-1000 J/kg MLCAPE would result in
    an environment favorable for severe storms, particularly across
    northern Oregon and south-central Washington where even the HRRR
    shows 1000 to 1200 J/kg MLCAPE. Very steep mid-level lapse rates
    (near 9 C/km) and moderate shear will also support organized severe
    storms.

    The timing of the mid-level shortwave trough emerging across Oregon
    appears to be well-timed with afternoon peak heating. Therefore,
    expect storms to initially form across east-central Oregon and move north-northwestward through the evening. Most 12Z CAM guidance shows
    upscale growth into a linear segment which would likely support a
    damaging wind threat, particularly given the steep lapse rate
    environment. For these reasons, have upgraded to a Level 2 Slight
    Risk across portions of the Columbia Basin.

    Expanded the wind probabilities across the Cascades slightly as the
    environment appears to be favorable to the west of the crests.
    However, it appears the marine layer should move into areas such as
    Portland prior to the arrival of the storms. Therefore, have kept
    severe probabilities east of this zone where the marine layer will
    likely have a stabilizing effect.

    ..Bentley.. 05/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 28 05:52:59 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 280552
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 280551

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1251 AM CDT Thu May 28 2026

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER WESTERN AND
    CENTRAL MONTANA...AND PARTS OF THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS AND SOUTHERN
    PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few storms may produce marginal hail or strong gusts from eastern
    New Mexico and western Texas across Oklahoma and toward northern
    Louisiana on Friday. A few strong to severe storms may also occur
    across western Montana with gusty winds and marginal hail. Isolated
    damaging wind gusts are also possible across portions of the central
    High Plains.

    ...MT...
    An upper low will weaken as it moves from the Great Basin to the
    central Rockies, with cool temperatures aloft persisting over much
    of the region. A surface trough will deepen over central MT with a
    cold front moving across ID and into western MT. Daytime heating and
    steepening lapse rates may aid wind gust potential as storms develop
    late in the day from western into central MT. Relatively strong
    upper-level winds will elongate hodographs, and may support cells
    producing marginal hail.

    ...Central High Plains...
    Low-level moisture will spread westward into northern CO and eastern
    WY as a low pressure trough develops from MT into eastern CO during
    the afternoon. Steep lapse rates and 50s F dewpoints will result in
    perhaps 1000 J/kg MUCAPE supporting storms forming from southeast WY
    into the Front Range. These storms may produce strong to locally
    severe outflow winds.

    ...Southern Plains...
    An upper-level jet of 50-70 kt will move into southern NM and
    western TX, though midlevel winds will be at or below 30 kt. Strong
    heating will occur over the region while southeast surface winds
    maintain moisture influx. Storms should form during the afternoon
    from eastern NM and spread across western TX and perhaps into
    southwest KS. Cool midlevel temperatures may support marginal hail,
    though gusty outflow winds will be the most common threat.
    Additionally, a few storms may occur farther east from OK into
    northeast TX, AR and LA where dewpoints and instability will be
    greater. Any storms that can form within the uncapped air mass would
    likely move southeastward with isolated strong gust potential.

    ..Jewell.. 05/28/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 28 17:20:34 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 281720
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 281718

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1218 PM CDT Thu May 28 2026

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    WESTERN AND NORTHERN MONTANA...THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...AND THE
    SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS INTO THE CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few storms may produce marginal hail or strong gusts from eastern
    New Mexico and western Texas across Oklahoma and toward Kansas on
    Friday. A few strong to severe storms may also occur across western
    Montana with gusty winds and marginal hail. Isolated severe storms
    are also possible across portions of the central High Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    A closed low across the Great Basin will become an open wave on
    Friday and start to advance northeast toward the central Rockies. As
    this occurs, lee troughing will begin across the southern and
    central High Plains and into eastern Montana. A strong mid-level
    trough will move southward across eastern Canada into the Northeast.


    ...Western into north-central Montana...
    Weak to moderate instability will build across western Montana on
    Friday as dewpoints increase into the mid 50s and mid-level
    temperatures cool. Mid-level flow is forecast to increase to 25 to
    30 knots across western Montana which may provide sufficient shear
    for a few more organized storms. These storms should develop by
    mid-afternoon and move northward, potentially growing upscale into
    one or more linear structures.

    ...Central High Plains...
    Surface moisture is forecast to back up near the terrain across
    northern Colorado and southeast Wyoming on Friday. This will lead to
    weak to moderate instability across the region. In addition to
    typical terrain circulations, guidance suggests a weak mid-level
    shortwave trough may emerge across the region and provide additional
    support for storm development. Shear is forecast to remain
    relatively weak, but weak to moderate instability, and steep lapse
    rates will support some threat for severe wind gusts and perhaps
    isolated large hail.

    ...Southern High Plains into the central Plains...
    A southern stream mid-level jet streak is forecast to emerge from
    northern Mexico into the southern High Plains Friday
    afternoon/evening. This ~40 knot jet streak will overspread portions
    of the southern High Plains and the dryline. This should provide
    ample shear for storm organization during the afternoon/evening.
    Greater storm coverage and storm organization may exist between
    Midland and Amarillo at the nose of this stronger mid-level flow.
    However, it appears the greater moisture will remain farther east
    and thus, storm intensity maybe somewhat mitigated. Therefore,
    hail/wind probabilities remain 5% at this time.

    Additional storms may develop from central Kansas to north-central
    Oklahoma along a frontal boundary amid weak isentropic ascent.
    Greater instability is expected within this zone, however, mid-level
    flow is forecast to be weaker which may challenge storm
    organization.

    ..Bentley.. 05/28/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 29 05:59:07 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 290559
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 290557

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1257 AM CDT Fri May 29 2026

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    WESTERN AND CENTRAL NEBRASKA INTO WESTERN AND SOUTHERN SOUTH
    DAKOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with large hail and severe wind gusts are expected on
    Saturday from parts of western and central Nebraska into southern
    and western South Dakota. Isolated severe gusts and hail will also
    be possible in the northern High Plains, and from parts of the
    central Plains into the southern High Plains.

    ...Western and Central Nebraska/Southern and Western South
    Dakota/Eastern Wyoming/Northeast Colorado/Southeast Montana...
    At mid-levels, a low will remain over southwestern Wyoming on
    Saturday, as a shortwave trough moves into the central High Plains.
    At the surface, a trough will deepen over the central and northern
    High Plains. Surface winds will be from a southeasterly direction
    over much of Nebraska and South Dakota, which will result in
    moisture advection throughout the day. By afternoon, surface
    dewpoints in the 60s F will contribute to moderate instability over
    much of the central Plains extending northwestward into the northern
    High Plains. Low-level convergence is forecast to become maximized
    near a well-developed dryline. In response, scattered thunderstorms
    are expected to develop near the dryline in the afternoon and move
    north and northeastward across western and central Nebraska into
    southern South Dakota.

    To the east of the dryline and near the moist axis, MLCAPE is
    forecast to increase into the 1500 to 3000 J/kg range by late
    afternoon. Forecast soundings at 00Z in west-central Nebraska
    suggest that 0-6 km shear will be in the 30 to 40 knot range with
    700-500 mb lapse rates around 8 C/km. This will be favorable for
    supercells with large hail and severe wind gusts. The severe threat
    is expected to persist into the mid to late evening, as a cluster of
    strong to severe storms moves northeastward across central Nebraska
    and south-central South Dakota. Widely-spaced severe thunderstorms
    will also be possible across parts of southeast Montana, but
    instability is forecast to be weaker which will keep any severe
    threat more localized.

    ...Kansas/Oklahoma/West Texas...
    West-southwesterly mid-level flow will be located over much of the south-central U.S. on Saturday. At the surface, a sharply defined
    dryline is forecast to be located from central Kansas
    south-southwestward into western Oklahoma and west-central Texas. To
    the east of the dryline, surface dewpoints in the 60s F will
    contribute to moderate instability by afternoon. Along and to the
    east of much of the dryline, 0-6 km shear is forecast to be in the
    30 to 40 knot range with 700-500 mb lapse rates near 8 C/km. This
    environment will support an isolated severe threat. Hail and strong
    wind gusts will be the primary hazards. Forcing is expected to be
    relatively weak which will keep storm coverage isolated.

    ..Broyles.. 05/29/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 29 17:26:10 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 291726
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 291724

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1224 PM CDT Fri May 29 2026

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR WESTERN
    NEBRASKA INTO SOUTHWEST SOUTH DAKOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with large hail and severe wind gusts are expected on
    Saturday from parts of western and central Nebraska into southern
    and western South Dakota. Isolated severe gusts and hail will also
    be possible in the northern High Plains, and from parts of the
    central Plains into the southern High Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level shortwave trough will rotate from the Rockies into the
    central Plains on Saturday as a lee surface cyclone develops across
    western Kansas. A dryline will mix eastward across southwest Kansas
    into the Texas Panhandle.

    ...Western Nebraska into southwest South Dakota...
    A dryline will bend northwestward from central Kansas into the
    Nebraska Panhandle on Saturday afternoon. As the mid-level trough
    overspreads the region, inhibition will erode and storms are
    expected to develop by mid-afternoon. Most guidance shows some
    mixing of the shallow moisture across the region during the
    afternoon. This casts some uncertainty on storm coverage across far
    southern Nebraska and into northern Kansas. However, farther
    northwest, where mid-level forcing will be stronger, storms are
    anticipated across the Nebraska Panhandle into southwest South
    Dakota. Large hail and damaging wind gusts will be the primary
    threat from this activity. It is worth noting, that some guidance
    which is a bit more progressive with northwestward moisture
    transport would be more supportive for a tornado threat across the
    region. However, this appears to be a more outlier solution rather
    than a likely solution. Therefore, the 2% tornado probabilities seem appropriate.

    ...Kansas to West Texas...
    Isolated storm development is possible along the dryline from West
    Texas to central Kansas Saturday afternoon. Upper level forcing will
    be focused farther north and convergence will be weak along the
    dryline from the Kansas/Oklahoma border southward. In addition,
    shallow moisture is forecast to mix out ahead of the dryline.
    However, despite these mitigating factors, strong surface heating is
    expected which would result in a mostly uncapped airmass along the
    length of the dryline. 30 to 40 knots of mid-level flow is expected
    to remain across the region which could result in a supercell or
    two.

    A more concentrated zone of storms may exist from southern Kansas
    into central Kansas, closer to the upper-level forcing, where
    convergence along the dryline is also greater. However, within this
    zone, shear may be marginal (20 to 25 knots) within a relatively
    weak area of mid-level flow. Therefore, higher probabilities have
    not been added.

    ...Western Missouri...
    Within a zone of weak isentropic ascent Saturday night and early
    Sunday morning, strong to isolated severe storms may develop from
    far eastern Kansas into western Missouri. A few storms may be
    capable of large hail.

    ..Bentley.. 05/29/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 30 06:02:13 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 300602
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 300600

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0100 AM CDT Sat May 30 2026

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE MID MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with large hail and severe gusts will be possible
    Sunday afternoon and evening across parts of the mid Missouri
    Valley. Isolated severe storms will be possible in parts of the
    Dakotas, and from central Kansas into Missouri.

    ...Northern Plains/Lower to Mid Missouri Valley/Central
    Plains/Northern Ozarks...
    At mid-levels, a shortwave trough will move northward across the
    northern Plains as heights rise across much of the central U.S. At
    the surface, a dryline will sharpen during the day from
    south-central South Dakota southward into east-central Nebraska and
    central Kansas. To the east of the dryline, surface dewpoints will
    range from the mid 60s F further north in southeast South Dakota to
    near 70 F southward into southeast Nebraska and far northwest
    Missouri. As surface temperatures warm within the moist sector,
    moderate instability will develop across the mid Missouri Valley by
    afternoon. Although large-scale ascent will remain weak over most of
    the region, model forecasts suggest that a northwest-to-southeast
    zone of low-level convergence will become focused during the
    afternoon to the east of the dryline. This will support scattered
    thunderstorm development, with the greatest convective coverage
    expected from southeast South Dakota into eastern Nebraska and
    western Iowa.

    Forecast soundings south and southwest of Omaha in the late
    afternoon have MLCAPE in the 3000 to 3500 J/kg range, 0-6 km shear
    near 30 knots, and low to mid-level lapse rates around 7 C/km. This
    environment will support supercells with large hail and severe wind
    gusts. The more dominant supercells could produce hailstones greater
    than 2 inches in diameter. The severe threat is expected to continue
    into the evening. A potential for isolated severe storms will also
    be possible over parts of the western and central Dakotas, along an
    axis of low-level moisture and instability.

    Further south into parts of eastern Kansas and west-central
    Missouri, a moist airmass will be in place on Sunday with surface
    dewpoints in the upper 60s to lower 70s F. This will result in
    moderate to strong instability by afternoon with MLCAPE likely to
    peak in the 3000 to 5000 J/kg range over parts of eastern Kansas and
    western Missouri. Although large-scale ascent will be limited,
    isolated storms could initiate in areas where low-level convergence
    becomes maximized. If a cell or two can develop and persist in the
    late afternoon or early evening, then an isolated severe threat
    would be likely. Hail and isolated severe wind gusts would be the
    primary threats.

    ..Broyles.. 05/30/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 30 17:35:48 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 301735
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 301733

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1233 PM CDT Sat May 30 2026

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE DAKOTAS
    INTO THE OZARKS...AND INTO PARTS OF WESTERN TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong to locally severe storms are possible across the
    central U.S. on Sunday, from the Dakotas into the Ozarks, and across
    southwest Texas.

    ...Synopsis...
    A weak negatively tilted shortwave trough will move northward across
    the northern Rockies and Plains on Sunday, with cool midlevel
    temperatures. Mid to high level winds of 30 to 60 kt will stretch
    from CO into KS and NE, behind the upper wave. This will also result
    in midlevel drying across the central Plains.

    A surface trough is generally forecast to exist along the length of
    the High Plains, with low pressure centers over SD and western TX
    during the afternoon. High pressure will exist from the Great Lakes
    to the East Coast with an upper trough over the Northeast, and
    southerly surface winds will maintain low-level moisture west of
    this surface high from the lower MS Valley northwestward across the
    MO Valley.

    ...Dakotas southeastward into AR...
    Storms may be ongoing over southern MO or northern AR Sunday
    morning, with southwest low-level flow/warm advection supporting
    continued unstable inflow. Conditionally, an MCS is possible, with
    potential to persist southeastward into AR and perhaps even MS later
    in the day. This is a bit uncertain, but locally severe gusts would
    be possible.

    Farther north, scattered daytime storms are likely beneath the upper
    wave from central SD into ND. Temperatures aloft will be cool and
    may support hail despite weak shear.

    To the south, diurnal storms appear most likely from eastern KS into
    western MO late in the afternoon and into the evening as moderate to
    strong instability develops. Some of this may depend on how much
    early day activity occurs, and if any outflow boundaries exist.
    Conditionally, a couple supercells cannot be ruled out with hail and
    brief tornado risk.

    ...OK into western TX...
    Strong heating will occur along a dryline extending roughly from
    north-central OK into northwest TX. Weak surface convergence, 60s F
    dewpoints and a narrow corridor of weak inhibition may yield
    isolated thunderstorms by late afternoon. These storms would likely
    be brief, but could yield locally strong gusts or marginal hail.

    Farther south, storm coverage will be greater into southwest TX,
    where southeast surface winds will maintain moisture flux into the
    area during the afternoon. Scattered storms are likely here, with
    locally strong outflow winds and perhaps marginal hail.

    ..Jewell.. 05/30/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 31 06:01:24 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 310601
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 310559

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1259 AM CDT Sun May 31 2026

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with large hail and severe wind gusts are expected
    Monday afternoon and evening across parts of the central Plains.
    Isolated severe wind gusts and hail will also be possible from the
    parts of the lower to mid Missouri Valley and northern Ozarks
    southeastward into the mid Mississippi Valley and Southeast.

    ...Central Plains/Mid Missouri Valley...
    Mid-level heights will rise on Monday across the central U.S. as
    southwesterly mid-level flow remains in place over the Rockies and
    High Plains. At the surface, a low will deepen in far southwest
    Kansas, with upslope easterly flow in place over much of the central
    Plains. An axis of low-level moisture and instability is forecast to
    setup from central Kansas west-northwestward into northeastern
    Colorado, where surface dewpoints will be mostly in the 50s F. As
    surface temperatures warm during the day, convective initiation will
    take place in the higher terrain of east-central Colorado.
    Additional storms are expected to develop further east across the
    central High Plains along and near the instability axis.

    Forecast soundings near the instability axis at 00Z have MLCAPE in
    the 1500 to 2000 J/kg range with 0-6 km shear near 40 knots. In
    addition, 700-500 mb lapse rates are forecast to be near 8 C/km.
    This environment will support supercells with large hail and severe
    wind gusts. The potential for severe wind gusts should increase
    during the evening as a cluster of cells move east-northeastward
    across the central High Plains.

    Further east and northeast into parts of eastern Kansas, eastern
    Nebraska and eastern South Dakota, the presence of the mid-level
    ridge will keep convective coverage more isolated. Beneath the
    ridge, surface dewpoints are forecast to be from the mid 60s F north
    to the lower 70s F south, which will result in an axis of moderate
    to strong instability by afternoon. If storms can initiate and
    persist in spite of the weak forcing, then a severe threat would be
    expected. Severe wind gusts and hail would be the primary threats.

    ...Lower Missouri Valley/Northern Ozarks/Mid Mississippi
    Valley/Southeast...
    A large-scale mid-level cyclonic flow pattern will be in place on
    Monday across much of the eastern U.S. At the surface, a moist
    airmass will be located from the lower Missouri Valley southeastward
    into the mid Mississippi Valley and Southeast. Surface dewpoints
    will be in the upper 60s F to lower 70s F. This will contribute to
    an axis of moderate to strong instability by afternoon. Some model
    forecasts move a shortwave trough, and an associated morning
    convective system southward across the mid Mississippi Valley. Other
    solutions keep convective coverage more isolated. This points to
    spatial uncertainty concerning any severe threat. If the more
    aggressive solutions pan out, then the wind-damage and hail threat
    could be greatest from parts of western Tennessee southward into the
    central Gulf Coast states. An isolated wind-damage and hail threat
    may also extend eastward into northern Georgia and South Carolina,
    along an east-to-west axis of instability.

    ..Broyles.. 05/31/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 31 17:27:28 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 311727
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 311725

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1225 PM CDT Sun May 31 2026

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER THE CENTRAL
    HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with large hail and severe wind gusts are expected
    Monday afternoon and evening across parts of the central Plains.
    Scattered strong to severe wind gusts will also be possible from the
    Ozarks southeastward into parts of the Southeast.

    ...Central Plains...
    An upper low with leading negative-tilt wave will shift north across
    MT/Dakotas on Monday, with moderate mid to high level
    southwesterlies persisting across the northern to central High
    Plains with 35-40 kt at 500 mb. Temperatures aloft will also remain
    cool across this region, leading to steep midlevel lapse rates.

    At the surface, low pressure will develop over southeast CO and the
    Panhandles area, with strengthening easterlies across KS/NE/CO. This
    will maintain low-level moisture westward to the Front Range as
    daytime heating destabilizes the air mass. MLCAPE to around 1500
    J/kg appears reasonable, and effective shear will approach 50 kt
    over eastern CO due to strong direction change with height.

    Storms are likely to form by 21Z from southeast WY southward along
    the Front Range, with a few cells or bowing structure proceeding
    into western NE/KS by evening. Isolated hail to 2.00" will be
    possible initially, with perhaps a brief/weak tornado. Otherwise,
    storms should produce severe gusts as outflow production increases.

    Additional storms will be possible with hail/wind potential
    near/north of the surface low into southwest KS where heating and
    surface convergence will be maximized.

    ...From MO into MS/AL...
    An MCS or remnants thereof is forecast to be over southern MO Monday
    morning, with several models suggesting storm regeneration along the
    outflow at it travels across TN, northern MS and AL. It is unclear
    whether this activity will still be severe, thus will maintain
    Marginal Risk. Otherwise, new storm generation is possible from AR
    into MS and AL near or west of the early day activity/outflow. Winds
    aloft are even weaker with westward extent, which lends uncertainty
    to organization potential. However, strong instability with near
    3000 J/kg MUCAPE and ample PWAT will support at least locally strong
    to severe gusts.

    ..Jewell.. 05/31/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 1 06:01:32 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 010601
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 010559

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1259 AM CDT Mon Jun 01 2026

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with large hail, severe wind gusts and potentially an
    isolated tornado threat are expected on Tuesday afternoon and
    evening in parts of the northern Plains. Strong wind gusts and hail
    will also be possible in parts of the southern and central High
    Plains. A few severe wind gusts may also occur from southern Georgia
    into northern and eastern Florida.

    ...Northern Plains...
    A mid-level shortwave trough will move northeastward on Tuesday over
    the top of a moist and unstable airmass located in the northern
    Plains. At the surface, a south-to-north corridor of low-level
    moisture will be in place across the Dakotas. Thunderstorms are
    expected to develop along the western edge of the moist sector
    during the afternoon, being supported by large-scale ascent
    associated with the shortwave trough. Storms will likely increase in
    coverage during the late afternoon and early evening, with multiple
    small storm clusters moving northeastward across the region.

    Along and near the axis of low-level moisture, MLCAPE is forecast to
    increase into the 1500 to 2500 J/kg range by afternoon. Within this
    moist airmass, the most favorable environment for severe storms is
    forecast near the mid-level trough in central North Dakota. Forecast
    soundings around Bismarck at 21Z have 0-6 km shear in the 40 to 45
    knot range with 700-500 mb lapse rates near 8 C/km, suggesting that
    supercells with large hail will be possible. In addition, late
    afternoon forecast soundings have 0-3 km storm-relative helicity in
    the 200 to 250 m2/s2 range, which could support an isolated tornado
    threat. Severe wind gusts would also be possible with any organized
    clusters that can persist from late afternoon into the evening.

    ...Southern and Central High Plains...
    Southwesterly mid-level flow will be in place on Tuesday in the
    southern and central Plains, over the western edge of the moist
    sector. Although model forecasts suggest that large-scale forcing
    will be limited in most areas, some models forecast a corridor of
    maximized low-level convergence in the afternoon over eastern
    Colorado and eastern New Mexico. This would support isolated to
    scattered thunderstorm development, with storms moving
    east-northeastward across the southern and central High Plains
    during the afternoon and evening. Forecast soundings to the east of
    this axis of low-level convergence during the late afternoon have
    0-6 km shear in the 20 to 25 knot range with 700-500 mb lapse rates
    near 8 C/km. This suggests that hail will be possible. Isolated
    severe wind gusts may also occur, especially if a convective cluster
    can become somewhat organized during the early to mid evening.

    ...Northern and Eastern Florida/Southern Georgia...
    An upper-level trough will move southward into the Southeast on
    Tuesday, as a cold front advances southward into southern Georgia.
    Along and to the south of the front, surface dewpoints from the mid
    60s to lower 70s F will contribute to the development of moderate
    instability by afternoon. Within this unstable airmass, low-level
    lapse rates will become steep during the mid to late afternoon,
    which may support an isolated wind-damage threat with the stronger
    multicells. An isolated potential for severe wind gusts will also be
    possible in the afternoon along sea breeze boundaries near the coast
    of northern and eastern Florida.

    ..Broyles.. 06/01/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 1 07:29:03 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 010728
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 010727

    Day 2 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Mon Jun 01 2026

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS...

    CORRECTED TO ADD WIND PROBABILITY GRAPHIC

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with large hail, severe wind gusts and potentially an
    isolated tornado threat are expected on Tuesday afternoon and
    evening in parts of the northern Plains. Strong wind gusts and hail
    will also be possible in parts of the southern and central High
    Plains. A few severe wind gusts may also occur from southern Georgia
    into northern and eastern Florida.

    ...Northern Plains...
    A mid-level shortwave trough will move northeastward on Tuesday over
    the top of a moist and unstable airmass located in the northern
    Plains. At the surface, a south-to-north corridor of low-level
    moisture will be in place across the Dakotas. Thunderstorms are
    expected to develop along the western edge of the moist sector
    during the afternoon, being supported by large-scale ascent
    associated with the shortwave trough. Storms will likely increase in
    coverage during the late afternoon and early evening, with multiple
    small storm clusters moving northeastward across the region.

    Along and near the axis of low-level moisture, MLCAPE is forecast to
    increase into the 1500 to 2500 J/kg range by afternoon. Within this
    moist airmass, the most favorable environment for severe storms is
    forecast near the mid-level trough in central North Dakota. Forecast
    soundings around Bismarck at 21Z have 0-6 km shear in the 40 to 45
    knot range with 700-500 mb lapse rates near 8 C/km, suggesting that
    supercells with large hail will be possible. In addition, late
    afternoon forecast soundings have 0-3 km storm-relative helicity in
    the 200 to 250 m2/s2 range, which could support an isolated tornado
    threat. Severe wind gusts would also be possible with any organized
    clusters that can persist from late afternoon into the evening.

    ...Southern and Central High Plains...
    Southwesterly mid-level flow will be in place on Tuesday in the
    southern and central Plains, over the western edge of the moist
    sector. Although model forecasts suggest that large-scale forcing
    will be limited in most areas, some models forecast a corridor of
    maximized low-level convergence in the afternoon over eastern
    Colorado and eastern New Mexico. This would support isolated to
    scattered thunderstorm development, with storms moving
    east-northeastward across the southern and central High Plains
    during the afternoon and evening. Forecast soundings to the east of
    this axis of low-level convergence during the late afternoon have
    0-6 km shear in the 20 to 25 knot range with 700-500 mb lapse rates
    near 8 C/km. This suggests that hail will be possible. Isolated
    severe wind gusts may also occur, especially if a convective cluster
    can become somewhat organized during the early to mid evening.

    ...Northern and Eastern Florida/Southern Georgia...
    An upper-level trough will move southward into the Southeast on
    Tuesday, as a cold front advances southward into southern Georgia.
    Along and to the south of the front, surface dewpoints from the mid
    60s to lower 70s F will contribute to the development of moderate
    instability by afternoon. Within this unstable airmass, low-level
    lapse rates will become steep during the mid to late afternoon,
    which may support an isolated wind-damage threat with the stronger
    multicells. An isolated potential for severe wind gusts will also be
    possible in the afternoon along sea breeze boundaries near the coast
    of northern and eastern Florida.

    ..Broyles.. 06/01/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 1 17:30:12 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 011730
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 011728

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1228 PM CDT Mon Jun 01 2026

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER THE NORTHERN
    PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with large hail, severe wind gusts and potentially an
    isolated tornado threat are expected on Tuesday afternoon and
    evening in parts of the northern Plains. Strong wind gusts and
    marginal hail will also be possible in parts of the southern and
    central High Plains. A few severe wind gusts may also occur from
    southern Georgia into northern and eastern Florida.

    ...Northern Plains...
    A slow-moving upper low will exist from northern MT into southern
    SK, with a belt of 30-40 kt southwesterlies at 500 mb from eastern
    MT/WY into the Dakotas. Meanwhile, a surface trough and weak front
    will develop from central WY into western ND by 00Z. Cool
    temperatures aloft with the upper trough combined with daytime
    heating and persistent southerly winds/moisture advection will yield
    moderate instability ahead of the front. Effective shear in excess
    of 40 kt and steep lapse rates aloft will support cells capable of
    damaging hail. Low-level winds will not be particularly strong, but
    some increase in the low-level jet will occur after 00Z and may
    support MCS potential during the evening with areas of damaging
    winds. A couple tornadoes may occur as well, perhaps over eastern WY
    with the initial activity, or into ND where temp/dewpoint
    depressions may be less.

    ...Central to Southern High Plains...
    Although a weak surface ridge will exist over the region,
    temperatures aloft will remain relatively cool with -10 C at 500 mb
    as far south as NM and OK. Easterly surface winds will maintain a
    moist air mass into KS/CO, with southeasterly winds into NM.
    Scattered storms are likely after 21Z along the Front Range and
    extending south across central and eastern NM, and some of this
    activity will persist into southwest NE, western KS and the OK/TX
    Panhandles late. Locally damaging gusts appear most likely as shear
    will remain weak.

    Isolated cells may also develop near the dryline during the
    afternoon from southwest KS into western OK, with localize wind and
    hail potential.

    ...Far southern GA and AL into northern FL...
    An upper trough will dive southeastward across the Mid Atlantic and
    into the Southeast with a cold front pushing south across GA and
    into AL during the day and into northern FL late. A moist air mass
    will exist ahead of the front, with MUCAPE at or above 2000 J/kg.
    Storms will develop along the front as the air mass heats, with
    increasing storm coverage. Deep-layer shear may be sufficient for a
    few embedded cells, with both wind and marginal hail potential as
    they move southeastward from southern GA into northern FL including
    the Jacksonville area. Additional storms are likely over the eastern
    FL Peninsula where westerly surface winds will enhance convergence,
    with strong downbursts and perhaps marginal hail.

    ..Jewell.. 06/01/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 2 05:49:45 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 020549
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 020547

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1247 AM CDT Tue Jun 02 2026

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS INTO UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with large to very large hail and severe wind gusts
    will be possible Wednesday afternoon into night in parts of the
    northern Plains into upper Mississippi Valley. More sporadic
    occurrences of large hail and severe wind gusts appear possible
    across parts of the central High Plains and southwest Texas.

    ...Synopsis...

    A mid/upper-level low initially over southern Saskatchewan Wednesday
    morning is forecast to shift east into southern Manitoba through the
    forecast period. At the same time, an attending belt of enhanced mid/upper-level winds will overspread the northern Plains into upper
    MS Valley, along with a corridor of modest height falls. Elsewhere,
    a lower-latitude short-wave trough will drift north-northeast from
    the southern into central High Plains.

    At the surface, low pressure linked with the Canadian upper low will
    move through the same areas, while a trailing cold front pushes
    through the northern Plains into the upper MS Valley. A secondary
    surface low is expected to form along the front in central SD
    Wednesday afternoon with the trailing portion of the boundary
    settling into the NE Panhandle and southeast WY.


    ...Northern Plains into the upper Mississippi Valley Wednesday afternoon/night...

    Showers and thunderstorms may be ongoing Wednesday morning across
    portions of ND in association with a subtle short-wave trough moving
    through the area. Model guidance is suggestive that a subset of the
    early-day convection could linger through the morning into early
    afternoon across portions of eastern ND into northwest MN, which
    could ultimately limit the degree of air mass destabilization in
    those areas. However to the south of the associated cloud
    debris/convective outflow, stronger daytime heating in conjunction
    with boundary layer dewpoints in the 60s and steep mid-level lapse
    rates will support a moderately unstable air mass with MLCAPE of
    1500-2500 J/kg.

    Modest height falls aloft will combine with convergence along the
    cold front and preceding convective outflow boundary to support
    robust thunderstorm development by mid/late afternoon across
    portions of south-central and southeast ND into central and
    northeast SD. Forecast soundings indicate the presence of a
    vertically veering wind profile with 35-40 kt of effective bulk
    shear, which will support organized storm modes, including
    supercells. Elongated hodographs resulting from the presence of
    relatively strong flow above 8-9 km will favor a conditional threat
    for two-inch or greater hail with any sustained supercells. In
    addition, some tornado threat could materialize by late afternoon
    into early evening across portions of southeast ND into northeast SD
    from the vicinity of the expected outflow boundary to ahead of the
    secondary surface low, where some enhancement of low-level shear is
    forecast.

    Increasing convergence along coalescing cold pools owing to a
    strengthening low-level jet is expected to support upscale growth of
    storms into an MCS Wednesday evening across portions of eastern SD
    and western MN, with an associated risk for damaging wind gusts.


    ...Southern and Central High Plains Wednesday afternoon/evening...

    The models indicate the potential for early-day storms across
    portions of the southern High Plains owing to forcing for ascent
    associated with the short-wave trough. Associated cloud cover is
    expected to limit destabilization potential in those areas, with
    comparably greater instability developing across the central Plains,
    and across portions of southwest TX. The migration of the short-wave
    trough into the central high Plains by afternoon into evening will
    support clusters of diurnally enhanced thunderstorms in those areas,
    with an attendant risk for sporadic large hail and damaging winds.
    Weakening vertical shear with southward extent from the northern
    into central Plains is expected to limit the potential for a more
    organized severe-weather episode. Additional strong to severe storms
    appear possible along the favored terrain of southwest TX, where
    isolated occurrences of large hail and damaging winds may occur.

    ..Mead.. 06/02/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 2 17:21:19 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 021721
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 021719

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1219 PM CDT Tue Jun 02 2026

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS INTO THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with large to very large hail and severe wind gusts
    will be possible Wednesday afternoon into night in parts of the
    northern Plains into upper Mississippi Valley. More sporadic
    occurrences of large hail and severe wind gusts appear possible
    across parts of the central High Plains and southwest Texas into
    southeast New Mexico.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong mid-level ridge across the western Great Lakes will
    deamplify through the day on Wednesday. Meanwhile, a mid-level
    shortwave trough will progress across the Canadian Prairies with an
    additional mid-level trough across the Northwest. An expansive area
    of surface high pressure will lead to stable conditions across much
    of the eastern CONUS. A weak surface trough will extend from the
    primary low pressure center in southern Canada and into the
    northern/central Plains.

    ...Northern Plains...
    Elevated thunderstorms will likely be ongoing on Wednesday morning
    across portions of western and central South Dakota amid weak
    isentropic ascent. An isolated hail threat may exist with these
    morning storms. By mid-afternoon, storms are expected to develop as
    height falls overspread a southeastward moving cold front. 40+ knots
    of effective shear will support supercell mode with a threat for
    large hail (some very large). As the front continues southeastward,
    expect upscale growth into a linear segment with an increasing
    severe wind threat. A tornado threat may also exist during the
    supercellular phase, particularly if a stronger 30+ knot low-level
    jet develops as forecast by some guidance. This tornado threat could
    also be aided by any potential outflow boundaries remaining from
    morning convection.

    Farther south, isolated to scattered storms are possible along a
    diffuse dryline. Mid-level flow is very weak farther south which
    will limit storm organization. However, moderate instability and an
    uncapped airmass will support some marginal hail/wind threat.

    ...West Texas into southern New Mexico...
    A cluster of storms associated with a weak mid-level shortwave
    trough will likely be ongoing across portions of West Texas on
    Wednesday morning. Moderate destabilization south and southwest of
    this activity is expected during the day. This zone will likely be a
    focus for strong to isolated severe storms Wednesday
    afternoon/evening. Modest deep-layer flow may result in a messy
    storm mode, but moderate instability and steep lapse rates will
    support the potential for some large hail and severe wind gusts.

    ..Bentley.. 06/02/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 3 05:32:27 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 030532
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 030530

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 AM CDT Wed Jun 03 2026

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF THE
    NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS ACROSS SOUTH DAKOTA AND NORTHERN NEBRASKA INTO
    SOUTHWEST MINNESOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of large to very hail and damaging
    winds are possible from parts of the northern High Plains into lower
    elevations of the northern and central Plains Thursday afternoon
    into night. More isolated occurrences of large hail and damaging
    winds appear possible in parts of the upper Midwest and upper Great
    Lakes.

    ...Synopsis...

    A low-amplitude, cyclonic flow regime will be maintained across the north-central U.S. with several embedded disturbances moving through
    that airflow pattern. At the surface, a cold front is forecast to
    move from the upper MS Valley into the upper Great Lakes with that
    boundary trailing southwest through the mid MO Valley to eastern WY,
    where it will link with a lee cyclone. A dryline/lee trough will
    extend south from the low pressure through the central and southern
    High Plains.


    ...Northern and Central Plains...

    A short-wave trough embedded in the cyclonic flow initially over the
    northern Rockies Thursday morning will shift into the northern High
    Plains by afternoon. Strengthening mid-level winds and forcing for
    ascent downstream from that feature will progressively overspread a
    moist and moderately unstable (MLCAPE 1000-1500 J/kg) upslope regime
    present across portions of southeast MT, northeast WY, and western
    SD, to the north of the surface boundary. Those processes will
    contribute to initial storm development in those areas by mid
    afternoon with the kinematic environment favoring supercells capable
    of large to very large hail and perhaps a tornado or two.

    Additional storm development will be possible farther east along the
    front in central/eastern SD and northern NE amidst a moderately
    unstable environment (MLCAPE of 1500-2000 J/kg) with weakening
    vertical shear and mid-level lapse rates with eastward extent. As
    such, a mix of multi-cell and some supercell structures appear
    possible with an associated risk for large hail and severe wind
    gusts.

    Those two separate regimes may consolidate into one or more MCSs
    Thursday evening/night, with a continued risk for damaging winds and
    sporadic large hail.

    Elsewhere, diurnally enhanced storms will be possible south along
    the lee trough into northeast CO, as well as ahead of a sheared
    vorticity maximum moving through portions of northeast KS, eastern
    NE, and IA. Steep lapse rates and around 30 kt of deep-layer shear
    may support isolated, high-based storms in the former area with some
    wind and hail threat. Poorer mid-level lapse rates and weaker
    vertical shear expected in the latter areas would limit
    severe-weather potential to mainly wet microburst activity. Model
    soundings do show some low-level hodograph curvature, so a brief
    tornado cannot be ruled out.

    ...Upper Midwest/Upper Great Lakes...

    Relatively poor mid-level lapse rates are forecast across the
    pre-frontal warm sector Thursday; however the presence of
    boundary-layer dewpoints in the low to mid 60s will largely
    contribute to a narrow axis of MLCAPE up to 1000-1500 J/kg by
    afternoon. The glancing influence of a mid-level low moving into the
    northwest Ontario coupled with convergence along the front are
    expected to foster widely scattered thunderstorms by mid to late
    afternoon.

    The presence of 30-40 kt of deep-layer shear will be sufficient for
    multi-cells and transient supercell structures capable of locally
    damaging wind gusts and perhaps marginally severe hail. Modest
    strengthening of the low-level jet is noted across northern WI into
    the western UP of MI late Thursday afternoon into evening, which
    could yield sufficient low-level shear for some tornado risk. No
    probabilities will be included in this forecast due to uncertainty
    in the degree of instability in those areas.

    ..Mead.. 06/03/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 3 17:32:29 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 031732
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 031730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1231 PM CDT Wed Jun 03 2026

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF THE
    NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS ACROSS SOUTH DAKOTA AND NORTHERN NEBRASKA INTO
    SOUTHWEST MINNESOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of large to very hail and damaging
    winds are possible from parts of the northern High Plains into lower
    elevations of the northern and central Plains Thursday afternoon
    into night. More isolated occurrences of large hail and damaging
    winds appear possible in parts of the upper Midwest and upper Great
    Lakes.

    ...Synopsis...
    Several weak mid-level perturbations will exist within mostly zonal
    flow across the northern CONUS on Thursday with weak ridging across
    the eastern CONUS. At the surface, high pressure will result in
    stable conditions across much of the eastern CONUS with weak lee
    troughing across the central High Plains.

    ...Northern and Central Plains...
    A mid-level shortwave trough across the northern Rockies on Thursday
    morning will cross into the Plains by the afternoon. As this occurs,
    moderate mid-level flow and weak height falls will overspread a
    moderately unstable environment across the Plains. As a surface low
    moves slowly southeast from eastern Wyoming into northeast Colorado
    during the day, upslope flow will strengthen to its north. Initial
    storms within this upslope flow regime will likely be supercellular
    given 40 to 50 knots of shear and steep mid-level lapse rates with
    weak low-level shear. Some tornado threat may exist within this zone
    along the front where low-level shear will be somewhat enhanced.
    However, this more favorable region should be localized and
    conditional on a storm in the right location.

    Additional storms may exist farther east along the front where
    moderate instability and weak to moderate shear exists. Large hail
    will be the initial threat, however, as storms from this area and
    storms from the west congeal into the evening, a greater severe wind
    threat is expected to materialize.

    ...Central Kansas into southeast Nebraska and vicinity...
    Guidance has recently trended stronger with mid-level flow across
    Kansas and southern Nebraska. As a result, sufficient shear may
    exist for multicellular/marginal supercell storms capable of large
    hail and severe wind gusts. The Marginal risk has been expanded
    across Kansas and into far northern Oklahoma to reflect this threat.

    ...Upper Midwest...
    Weak to potentially moderate instability is expected to develop
    across portions of Minnesota into northern Wisconsin south of a
    frontal zone. 30 to 40 knots of mid-level flow is expected to
    overspread this region with weak height falls through the day. The
    primary limiting factor to a greater severe threat will be modest
    lapse rates and cloud cover. Multicells and occasional supercells
    will be possible within this region with a primary threat for large
    hail and severe wind gusts.

    ..Bentley.. 06/03/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 4 05:23:05 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 040523
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 040521

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1221 AM CDT Thu Jun 04 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS CENTRAL AND
    EASTERN NEBRASKA...NORTHERN KANSAS... MUCH OF IA...INTO SOUTHERN
    MINNESOTA AND SOUTHWEST WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms capable of large to very large hail,
    damaging winds with potentially significant gusts, and perhaps a
    couple of tornadoes are expected Friday afternoon into night across
    portions of the central Plains into upper Great Lakes.

    ...Synopsis...

    A series of weak, mid-level disturbances will translate from the
    northern Plains into the upper Great Lakes, ahead of a building
    ridge from central Canada into the northern Plains. At the surface,
    the primary focus for strong to severe thunderstorm development is a
    front, which is expected to stretch from the western UP of MI
    southwest through the mid MO Valley into the central High Plains by mid-afternoon Friday. A surface low is forecast to develop along the
    front over south-central NE or north-central KS, with a dryline
    extending south-southwest from that feature into northwest OK.


    ...Central Plains into the Upper Great Lakes...

    Latest guidance is suggestive that the combination of steep
    mid-level lapse rates and boundary-layer dewpoints in the upper 60s
    to low 70s will support strong instability along and south of the
    NE/IA segment of the front with HREF mean SBCAPE as high as
    3000-4000+ J/kg. Forecast instability decreases with northeastward
    extent into the upper Midwest, due in part to the potential for
    early-day storms and lingering cloud cover.

    While mid-level heights are forecast to rise through the day across
    the central Plains, strong heating west of the dryline and south of
    the surface front should sufficiently erode the cap for isolated to
    widely scattered thunderstorm development by late afternoon into
    early evening in the vicinity of the triple point over south-central
    NE. Locally backed near-surface winds in that area will offset
    somewhat marginal mid-level flow to yield 30-35 kt of deep-layer
    shear, which will support supercell storm modes, given the degree of instability. Large to very large hail and perhaps a couple tornadoes
    will be possible in the early life cycle of the storms, with a
    subsequent transition to more of a damaging wind threat (with
    significant gusts possible) by mid/late evening.

    Additional severe storms are expected farther east along the front
    into IA during the afternoon and evening hours with strong
    instability and modest vertical shear supporting a threat for large
    to very large hail and severe wind gusts.

    Should subsequent model guidance show higher confidence in more
    concentrated storm development along the NE/IA segment of the front,
    an upgrade to a level 3/Enhanced Risk may be considered.

    Farther northeast along the front across the upper Midwest, the
    diffuse nature of the boundary casts some uncertainty on exactly
    where the favored area for diurnally enhanced storm development will
    be. Nonetheless, the presence of a moderately unstable air mass and
    modest deep-layer shear will be supportive of a few severe storms
    capable of large hail and damaging wind gusts. An isolated
    severe-weather threat may continue to spread east into the upper
    Great Lakes Friday evening into night, driven largely by warm
    advection along a westerly low-level jet.

    ..Mead.. 06/04/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 4 17:32:40 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 041732
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 041730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 PM CDT Thu Jun 04 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS CENTRAL AND
    EASTERN NEBRASKA...NORTH KANSAS...MUCH OF IOWA...SOUTHEAST
    MINNESOTA...AND FAR WESTERN WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms capable of large to very large hail,
    damaging winds with potentially significant gusts, and perhaps a
    couple of tornadoes are expected Friday afternoon into night across
    portions of the central Plains into upper Great Lakes.

    ...Synopsis...
    A weak mid-level shortwave trough in the western Great Lakes Friday
    morning is forecast to weaken as it moves eastward through the day.
    A mid-level ridge will build across the central/northern Plains
    through the day with a strong trough approaching the Northwest. At
    the surface, high pressure will move off the Southeast coast with
    weak lee troughing across the central High Plains vicinity within an
    otherwise nebulous surface pattern.

    ...Central Plains into the Upper Midwest...
    Thunderstorms will be ongoing at the beginning of the period, likely
    from northern Missouri into Iowa and southeast Wisconsin. Strong
    instability is expected to develop south/west of this activity where
    steep lapse rates advect over a moist airmass featuring low 70s
    dewpoints. Height rises across this region (southeast Nebraska into
    southwest Iowa) cast some doubt on diurnal storm development.
    Several members of the 12Z HREF show storms developing within this
    zone, but most others (most notably the HRRR, do not). Therefore,
    while the environment would support strong supercells with a threat
    for very large hail, damaging winds, and perhaps a tornado, the
    uncertainty related to storm coverage precludes higher probabilities
    at this time.

    Regardless of if afternoon storms develop, additional convection is
    expected during the evening as the low-level jet strengthens. These
    storms may initially begin as supercells, but will likely grow into
    a linear segment relatively quickly. Given the strengthening
    low-level jet and forecast soundings that do not show clearly
    elevated thermodynamic profiles, expanded the 2% tornado
    probabilities east to account for some tornado threat during the
    evening hours.

    Additional storms are possible farther northeast from northeast Iowa
    into Wisconsin along a diffuse cold front. While mid-level flow (and
    thus deep-layer shear) will be stronger across this region,
    instability is forecast to be more limited due to that
    morning/previous night convection that moved across the region and a
    lack of a strong low-level moisture advection into the region.
    Therefore, some strong to isolated severe storms are possible, but
    may be too isolated/marginal for higher probabilities at this time.

    ..Bentley.. 06/04/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 5 05:38:14 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 050538
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 050536

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1236 AM CDT Fri Jun 05 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE UPPER
    OHIO VALLEY INTO SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND...AND OVER PORTIONS OF THE
    NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms capable of large hail and damaging winds are
    possible from portions of the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley into the
    Northeast, and over the northern High Plains. More isolated
    occurrences of large hail and damaging winds are possible across
    parts of the southern Plains and the lower Missouri Valley into Mid
    Mississippi Valley.

    ...Synopsis...

    A short-wave trough initially from James Bay into the Great Lakes
    Saturday morning is forecast to amplify while translating through
    southern Quebec and the Northeast. Associated mid/upper-level jet
    streaks within the base of the strengthening trough are forecast to
    overspread the upper OH Valley through southern New England,
    enhancing vertical shear and forcing for ascent in those areas.
    Elsewhere, a jet streak will round the base of a deep trough over
    the Canadian Rockies into Pacific Northwest, with the trough axis
    pivoting east through the Columbia Basin toward the northern
    Rockies. Meanwhile, a lower-latitude trough will move through the
    southern and central Plains, with a belt of enhanced mid/upper-level
    flow extending from southwest TX through the ArkLaTex into Ozark
    Plateau during the peak of the diurnal heating cycle.

    At the surface, an initially diffuse cold front associated with the
    Great Lakes/Northeast short-wave trough will slowly advance through
    the Great Lakes, northern OH Valley, and St. Lawrence Valley into
    northern New England. Over the northern High Plains, a surface low
    is forecast to deepen along a cold front emerging from the northern
    Rockies.


    ...Great Lakes and OH Valley into the Northeast...

    Areas of showers and thunderstorms are expected to be ongoing
    Saturday morning within a broad zone of warm advection and moisture
    flux occurring along a westerly low-level jet. A subset of those
    thunderstorms are likely to persist and gradually intensify from
    late morning into afternoon. Additional, diurnally enhanced storms
    are expected to develop within preferred zones of confluence within
    the weakly capped warm sector, which will destabilize from
    west-to-east over the course of the day.

    The 00z HREF indicates a corridor of mean SBCAPE of 1000-1500+ J/kg
    developing by afternoon from the OH Valley into southern New
    England, which will coincide with steadily strengthening deep-layer
    shear. As such, the potential exists for organized storm modes,
    including bowing line segments and supercells capable of swaths of
    wind damage and large hail during the afternoon and evening hours.
    The greatest supercell potential is expected to evolve across the
    upper OH Valley, where the large hail is most probable, along with
    the threat for a brief tornado or two.


    ...Northern High Plains...

    Late-arriving forcing for ascent and more robust boundary-layer
    moisture content are expected to delay thunderstorm development
    until late afternoon or evening in the vicinity of the surface low
    and front situated along the MT-ND Border. The presence of a
    moderately unstable air mass and steadily strengthening vertical
    shear are expected to support supercell storm modes with an
    attendant threat for large hail and damaging wind gusts. The
    severe-weather threat may continue into the overnight hours,
    centered along the low-level jet axis.


    ...Red River Valley into southwest Texas...

    As mentioned in the synopsis, a belt of enhanced mid-level flow is
    forecast within the southern/southeastern periphery of the upper
    low, which will enhance vertical shear to some extent. Slightly
    cooler temperatures aloft coupled with a warm and moist boundary
    layer will support a moderately unstable air mass in areas
    unaffected by early storms and lingering cloud cover. Forecast
    soundings indicate relatively weak capping, which should permit
    increasing storm coverage by afternoon along any pre-existing
    boundaries. The overall environment appears supportive of multicell
    storms capable of isolated occurrences of large hail and locally
    strong wind gusts during the afternoon and evening hours.


    ...Lower Missouri and Mid Mississippi Valleys...

    Moderate to strong afternoon instability is forecast to develop
    along and south of the trailing surface front or convective outflow
    boundary remnant from Friday night thunderstorms. Weak low-level
    warm advection coupled with the growing influence of a mid-level
    trough approaching from the southwest are expected to support widely
    scattered thunderstorm development during the afternoon. While
    vertical shear is expected to remain relatively weak, the degree of
    instability will support vigorous up/downdrafts capable of
    marginally severe hail and/or locally damaging wind gusts.

    ..Mead.. 06/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 5 17:30:50 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 051730
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 051729

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1229 PM CDT Fri Jun 05 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS AND FROM THE OHIO VALLEY TO NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms capable of large hail and damaging winds are
    possible from portions of the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley into the
    Northeast, and over the northern High Plains. More isolated
    occurrences of large hail and damaging winds are possible across
    parts of the southern Plains and the lower Missouri Valley into Mid
    Mississippi Valley.

    ...Synopsis...
    The mid-level pattern will amplify on Saturday with a ridge building
    across the Upper Midwest into central Canada with an amplifying
    trough across the Northeast and another trough across the Northwest.
    A surface low will deepen across southern Quebec during the day with
    a cold front extending into the Ohio Valley. A lee cyclone will also
    develop across eastern Montana as the mid-level trough advances
    eastward.

    ...Ohio Valley to the Northeast...
    A cluster of storms will likely be ongoing Saturday morning across
    parts of the Ohio Valley. These storms should gradually weaken
    through the morning as they move east. West-southwesterly low-level
    flow will strengthen through the morning as the surface low deepens
    and the pressure gradient tightens. This will result in moisture
    advection ahead of the cold front from Ohio into Pennsylvania and
    New York. Clouds from morning convection will limit destabilization
    initially, however, once these clouds clear, an uncapped environment
    with moderate instability is expected to develop rather quickly
    along the cold front. Continued mid-level ascent and convergence
    along the front should support thunderstorm development during the
    afternoon. Moderate (40 knot) flow aloft should support storm
    organization including the potential for supercells and linear
    clusters. Large hail and damaging wind gusts will be the primary
    threats. More widespread wind damage may occur from far eastern Ohio
    across Pennsylvania and into southeast New York and northern New
    Jersey where the strongest instability and shear will be present and
    a broken line of storms appears likely.

    ...Northeast Montana and northwest North Dakota...
    Destabilization will occur during the day across eastern Montana and
    western North Dakota as southeasterly surface winds strengthen ahead
    of the deepening lee cyclone and advect low 60s dewpoints into the
    region. As height falls overspread this area, storms are expected to
    develop by mid afternoon across central and southeast Montana. As
    these storms move into the greater instability to the
    east/northeast, the large hail/severe wind threat is expected to
    increase. The strong surface heating and steep low-mid level lapse
    rates across the northern Plains, combined with the increasing
    shear, will provide an environment supporting 70-80 mph wind gusts.
    In fact some guidance, such as the 12Z NSSL WRF, show an MCS with a
    80+ knot rear-inflow jet which could support 80+ mph wind gusts if
    it were to materialize.

    ...Southern Plains...
    A moist environment with 70+F dewpoints will be present across the
    southern Plains on Saturday. Moderate instability is forecast as
    temperatures cool aloft with a weak mid-level shortwave trough
    overspreading the area. This moist, unstable airmass and 30 to 35
    knots of shear will support organized storms including a few
    supercells capable of isolated large hail and/or water-loaded
    downbursts.

    ..Bentley.. 06/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 6 05:32:25 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 060532
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 060530

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 AM CDT Sat Jun 06 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms capable of large to very large hail, severe
    wind gusts, and perhaps a tornado or two are possible across the
    northern Plains. More isolated severe storms capable locally
    damaging wind gusts may occur across portions of the Mid-Atlantic. A
    brief tornado or two appears possible in eastern Oklahoma and
    western Arkansas.

    ...Synopsis...

    A vorticity maximum and associated mid/upper-level jet streaks
    within the base of broader-scale troughing from the lee of the
    Canadian Rockies into northern Intermountain Region Sunday morning
    are forecast to accelerate northeast through the northern High
    Plains, ahead of an upstream jet segment moving onto the Pacific
    Northwest coast. Elsewhere, an amplified short-wave trough will
    progress through the Northeast, while a more loosely organized
    trough progresses through the central and southern Plains through
    the Ozarks and mid MS Valley.

    At the surface, an area of low pressure and associated pre-frontal
    trough over the western Dakotas will be overtaken by a cold front
    moving out of the northern Rockies. That frontal system will
    continue east into the ND-MN Red River Valley, and southeast into
    the central High Plains by Monday morning. Elsewhere, more of a
    backdoor cold front will progress south/southwest through the
    Northeast into Mid-Atlantic.


    ...Montana and Wyoming into the Dakotas...

    A hot, deeply mixed boundary layer is expected to develop ahead of
    the pre-frontal trough over the western Dakotas Sunday afternoon,
    with the presence of steep low/mid-level lapse rates contributing to
    an axis of moderate to strong instability. Moderate instability is
    expected to extend into eastern MT and northeast WY, owing to
    low-level moisture wrapping around the surface trough. Initial storm development is expected by mid afternoon along the western fringe of
    the instability axis across southeast MT into north-central and
    northeast WY as lift is enhanced by terrain, the cold front, and
    forcing tied to the vorticity maximum and attending jet streaks. A
    separate thunderstorm regime is expected to evolve by late afternoon
    into evening over the western Dakotas as the cold front merges with
    the pre-frontal trough.

    The MT/WY storms are expected to mature in a strongly sheared
    environment, which will favor supercells capable of large hail.
    Initially marginal vertical shear with the western Dakotas storm
    regime is expected strengthen through the evening, supporting the
    potential for supercells capable of large to very large hail and
    severe wind gusts as the primary hazards. Some tornado threat may
    materialize by mid/late evening across portions of north-central ND
    where strengthening low-level shear will coincide with a more moist,
    lower-LCL boundary layer. The magnitude of the threat will be
    contingent on storm mode at that time, given the tendency for more
    linear forcing along the cold front.


    ... Central Virginia into the Chesapeake Bay Area...

    Daytime heating coupled with dewpoints in the 60s will contribute to
    a moderately unstable air mass by afternoon, ahead of a pre-frontal
    wind shift moving into the area from the north. Convergence along
    that boundary along with the glancing influence of the mid-level
    trough passing to the immediate north are expected to support
    isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms during the afternoon
    across the discussion area. Relatively warm mid-level temperatures
    are expected to limit the potential for large hail; however, the
    presence of steep, low-level lapse rates and 30-35 kt of
    northwesterly deep-layer shear appear supportive of locally damaging
    wind gusts through the afternoon into early evening.


    ...Eastern Oklahoma and Western Arkansas...

    Forcing for ascent attendant to a vorticity maximum moving through
    the base of broader-scale troughing is expected to contribute to an
    increase in thunderstorm coverage early in the day. That scenario
    would tend to limit air mass destabilization through the afternoon,
    leaving severe-storm potential in question. However, there is a
    signal in some guidance that a low-level jet will strengthen during
    the afternoon into evening, leading to an increase in low-level
    shear. A concurrent risk for a brief tornado or two may materialize,
    especially with any storms on the southern or western fringe of the
    larger convective footprint. That notion is generally supported by
    the 00z HREF mean 0-1 km SRH, which shows values increasing to
    100-150 m2/s2 by Sunday evening.

    ..Mead.. 06/06/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 6 17:36:31 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 061736
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 061734

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1234 PM CDT Sat Jun 06 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER THE
    NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms capable of damaging hail and wind (some
    significant), and perhaps a tornado or two are forecast across the
    northern High Plains. More isolated storms may produce locally
    damaging wind gusts centered over southeast Virginia, with a
    brief/weak tornado possible from eastern Oklahoma into western
    Arkansas.

    ...Northern Plains...
    A strong shortwave trough will move out of the Pacific Northwest and
    across MT Sunday, continuing northeastward into SK overnight. The
    southern periphery of the stronger midlevel flow will extend across
    WY and into the western Dakotas, aiding deep-layer shear. At the
    surface, low pressure will deepen across the northern High Plains,
    ahead of a cold front which will surge into eastern MT and northern
    WY late in the day.

    Storms are likely to form over southeast MT and northern WY during
    the late afternoon near the higher terrain, and within the surface
    trough from western ND to the Black Hills.

    Supercells appear likely initially as deep-layer shear and lapse
    rates will be favorable. A tornado or two may occur with these
    initial supercells over MT/WY/Black Hills area, and, over northern
    ND where low-level SRH will be strongest. Locally significant hail
    may occur as well.

    With time, one or more corridors of severe and possibly significant
    wind damage is expected, as storms produce outflow and propagate
    northeastward into the Dakotas. Several models indicate a strong
    rear-inflow signal with over 50 kt westerlies just off the surface
    behind the activity.

    ...Eastern OK into AR and southwest MO...
    A weak midlevel wave will move northeastward across OK and toward
    MO, while southerly surface winds generally increase across the
    Plains. A broad area of upper 60s F to 70s F dewpoints will develop
    northward over the entire region, with areas of moderate instability
    and high PWAT developing. Some increase in diurnal convection is
    anticipated, related to the midlevel wave, which may enhance wind
    profiles somewhat. Forecast soundings indicate veering winds with
    height, and 200-300 m2/s2 SRH may develop late in the day and into
    the evening. In addition to heavy rain, any stronger cells that
    develop may acquire rotation, with a brief tornado or two possible.

    ...Southeast VA into far northeast NC...
    A shortwave trough will exist over the Mid Atlantic and Northeast,
    with 30-40 kt midlevel northwesterlies into eastern VA. A surface
    trough will extend southwestward from the parent low over the
    Maritimes, into the DelMarVa, southeast VA and northeast NC during
    the afternoon. Strong heating will result in steep boundary layer
    lapse rates, while sufficient low-level moisture supports marginal
    instability. Given the favorable time of day and convergence near
    the trough, isolated cells are expected which may produce locally
    damaging gusts.

    ..Jewell.. 06/06/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 7 05:33:05 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 070533
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 070531

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1231 AM CDT Sun Jun 07 2026

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER SOUTHEAST WYOMING...NORTHEAST COLORADO...AND THE SOUTHERN NEBRASKA
    PANHANDLE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to widely scattered severe storms capable of large to very
    large hail and perhaps a brief tornado or two are possible Monday
    afternoon and evening in northeast Colorado, southeast Wyoming, and
    the southern Nebraska Panhandle. Additional, more isolated
    occurrences of large hail and damaging winds will be possible from
    the Canadian border into the Oklahoma and Texas Panhandles. Sporadic
    damaging winds may occur from the Ozark Plateau into the Mid-south.

    ...Synopsis...

    A mid-level jet streak and associated channeled vorticity maximum
    initially from the northern Rockies into northern High Plains will
    lift northeast into Manitoba, ahead of an amplifying short-wave
    trough moving through the Pacific Northwest into northern Rockies.
    Elsewhere, loosely organized troughing initially along the MS Valley
    will shift northeast into the Great Lakes and OH Valley.

    At the surface, a front initially stretching from the central
    Dakotas to low pressure over western KS is expected to weaken
    through the day in response to falling pressures across the northern
    Rockies. A weak cyclone is expected to persist over southwest KS or
    northwest OK, with a dryline extending southwest into western TX.


    ...Great Plains...

    With the early-day passage of the lead short-wave trough through the
    northern High Plains, mid-level heights may rebound slightly during
    the afternoon, with negligible forcing for ascent indicated in model
    guidance. As such, the most probable location for isolated to widely
    scattered severe-storm development appears to be along favored
    terrain from north of the Palmer Divide to along the Cheyenne Ridge.
    There, moist upslope flow will become established by afternoon,
    beneath a plume of steep lapse rates, yielding MLCAPE of 1000-1500
    J/kg. Vertical shear is expected to strengthen through the day with
    effective bulk shear increasing to around 50 kt by late afternoon
    into early evening. As such, the potential will exist for supercells
    capable of large to very large hail and perhaps a brief tornado or
    two. The severe-threat may move into the adjacent High Plains Monday
    evening before the storms weaken.

    Across the lower elevations of the Plains there is considerably more
    model spread in the timing and location of storms through the
    forecast period, likely as a result of the weak forcing. The
    residual surface front from eastern SD through central NE into
    western KS, and south along the dryline into the OK/TX Panhandles
    will be viable locations for diurnally enhanced storms amidst a
    moderate to strongly unstable air mass. As such, isolated
    occurrences for large hail and severe wind gusts will be possible.
    Stronger deep-layer shear is forecast from northern KS into the
    northern Plains, which may support a longer-lived, more organized
    storm threat. However, given the model variability mentioned above,
    no additional level 2/Slight Risk areas will be highlighted with
    this forecast.

    Finally, it appears a separate, elevated thunderstorm regime could
    materialize early Tuesday morning from parts of eastern MT through
    northern ND, where some large hail threat could develop.


    ...Ozark Plateau into the Mid-South...

    A number of models indicate the potential for a complex of
    thunderstorms to be ongoing Monday morning across portions of the
    Ozark Plateau, aided by low-level warm advection along a modest
    low-level jet. That activity is expected to continue east/southeast
    through the day, with some potential for cold pool organization and
    related damaging wind potential as the system encounters a moist and
    moderately unstable air mass.

    ..Mead.. 06/07/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 7 06:00:05 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 070600
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 070558

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1258 AM CDT Sun Jun 07 2026

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER SOUTHEAST WYOMING...NORTHEAST COLORADO...AND THE SOUTHERN NEBRASKA
    PANHANDLE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to widely scattered severe storms capable of large to very
    large hail and perhaps a brief tornado or two are possible Monday
    afternoon and evening in northeast Colorado, southeast Wyoming, and
    the southern Nebraska Panhandle. Additional, more isolated
    occurrences of large hail and damaging winds will be possible from
    the Canadian border into the Oklahoma and Texas Panhandles. Sporadic
    damaging winds may occur from the Ozark Plateau into the Mid-south.

    ...Synopsis...

    A mid-level jet streak and associated channeled vorticity maximum
    initially from the northern Rockies into northern High Plains will
    lift northeast into Manitoba, ahead of an amplifying short-wave
    trough moving through the Pacific Northwest into northern Rockies.
    Elsewhere, loosely organized troughing initially along the MS Valley
    will shift northeast into the Great Lakes and OH Valley.

    At the surface, a front initially stretching from the central
    Dakotas to low pressure over western KS is expected to weaken
    through the day in response to falling pressures across the northern
    Rockies. A weak cyclone is expected to persist over southwest KS or
    northwest OK, with a dryline extending southwest into western TX.


    ...Great Plains...

    With the early-day passage of the lead short-wave trough through the
    northern High Plains, mid-level heights may rebound slightly during
    the afternoon, with negligible forcing for ascent indicated in model
    guidance. As such, the most probable location for isolated to widely
    scattered severe-storm development appears to be along favored
    terrain from north of the Palmer Divide to along the Cheyenne Ridge.
    There, moist upslope flow will become established by afternoon,
    beneath a plume of steep lapse rates, yielding MLCAPE of 1000-1500
    J/kg. Vertical shear is expected to strengthen through the day with
    effective bulk shear increasing to around 50 kt by late afternoon
    into early evening. As such, the potential will exist for supercells
    capable of large to very large hail and perhaps a brief tornado or
    two. The severe-threat may move into the adjacent High Plains Monday
    evening before the storms weaken.

    Across the lower elevations of the Plains there is considerably more
    model spread in the timing and location of storms through the
    forecast period, likely as a result of the weak forcing. The
    residual surface front from eastern SD through central NE into
    western KS, and south along the dryline into the OK/TX Panhandles
    will be viable locations for diurnally enhanced storms amidst a
    moderate to strongly unstable air mass. As such, isolated
    occurrences for large hail and severe wind gusts will be possible.
    Stronger deep-layer shear is forecast from northern KS into the
    northern Plains, which may support a longer-lived, more organized
    storm threat. However, given the model variability mentioned above,
    no additional level 2/Slight Risk areas will be highlighted with
    this forecast.

    Finally, it appears a separate, elevated thunderstorm regime could
    materialize early Tuesday morning from parts of eastern MT through
    northern ND, where some large hail threat could develop.


    ...Ozark Plateau into the Mid-South...

    A number of models indicate the potential for a complex of
    thunderstorms to be ongoing Monday morning across portions of the
    Ozark Plateau, aided by low-level warm advection along a modest
    low-level jet. That activity is expected to continue east/southeast
    through the day, with some potential for cold pool organization and
    related damaging wind potential as the system encounters a moist and
    moderately unstable air mass.

    ..Mead.. 06/07/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 7 17:34:09 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 071734
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 071732

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1232 PM CDT Sun Jun 07 2026

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER THE CENTRAL
    HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms capable of large hail and perhaps a brief
    tornado and damaging gusts are possible Monday afternoon and evening
    in northeast Colorado, southeast Wyoming, and into the Nebraska
    Panhandle. Additional, more isolated occurrences of large hail and
    damaging winds will be possible from the Canadian border into the
    Oklahoma and Texas Panhandles. Sporadic damaging winds may occur
    from the Ozark Plateau into the Mid-south.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper low will pivot northward across central Canada with
    temporary height rises over the Plains. Moderate southwest flow
    aloft will persist from the central Rockies into the northern Plains
    during the day as an area of high pressure modifies there. To the
    south, low pressure will develop from the central to southern High
    Plains, with surface winds veering to easterly over KS/NE and into
    eastern CO and WY late. Ample moisture will exist with the zone of
    backed easterly flow, and this moist/unstable air mass will
    accelerate westward during the evening as 850 winds increase ahead
    of a secondary wave moving into the Rockies overnight. A weak
    surface trough will also remain over the mid MO Valley, just east of
    the western Dakotas surface high.

    Elsewhere, a weak midlevel wave will persist into the middle MS and
    lower OH Valleys, providing a focus for thunderstorms within the
    moist air mass.

    ...Central Plains...
    An area of moderate instability will develop across the central
    Plains as strong heating occurs and low-level winds increase out of
    the east. Storms are most likely to develop near the higher terrain
    from eastern WY into eastern CO, and on the interface of the steeper
    low-level lapse rates and moistening/upslope air mass. Favorable
    effective shear near 50 kt and steep lapse rates will clearly favor
    supercells initially with large damaging hail, with areas of
    wind-driven hail as storms evolve eastward through early evening.
    Low-level winds veering height may also support a brief tornado or
    two. The most concentrated area of severe storms will be from
    northeast CO into western NE, but sporadic cells may occur as far
    north as the Black Hills area. Finally, a few cells may develop
    within the hot inverted-v environment into the TX Panhandle/western
    OK during the afternoon with locally damaging gusts.

    ..Far Northern Plains...
    Late Monday night into Tuesday morning, warm/moist advection will
    accelerate ahead of the developing trough over the Rockies. Models
    are a bit uncertain, but potential will exist for elevated storms
    with hail potential over eastern MT into northwest MN as lift and
    instability increase.

    ...Southeast MO into western TN...
    A slow-moving midlevel trough should again provide a focus for storm development, as deep moisture is maintained and areas of heating
    occur. New development is most likely to occur with any existing
    MCV, or near differential heating zones. Locally strong low-level
    shear is anticipated which may aid brief/weak tornado potential.

    ..Jewell.. 06/07/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 8 05:48:17 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 080548
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 080546

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1246 AM CDT Mon Jun 08 2026

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS CENTRAL
    AND EASTERN NORTH DAKOTA...NORTH-CENTRAL AND NORTHEAST SOUTH
    DAKOTA...AND NORTHWEST MINNESOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Numerous severe thunderstorms are likely to develop across parts of
    the northern Plains and Upper Mississippi Valley Tuesday afternoon
    into night. Very large hail, tornadoes, a few of which could be
    strong, and damaging winds with significant gusts appear likely.
    Farther south, widely scattered severe storms capable of very large
    hail and damaging winds with significant gusts will be possible
    across portions of the central Plains Tuesday afternoon into night.
    Additional, more isolated storms capable of large hail and damaging
    winds are possible from parts of the Midwest into lower Ohio Valley
    Tuesday afternoon and evening.

    ...Synopsis...

    A short-wave trough initially over the northern Rockies Tuesday
    morning will accelerate northeast into the north Plains, ahead of a
    more significant vorticity maximum and associated mid/upper-level
    jet streaks moving into the northern and central Plains Tuesday
    night.

    At the surface, low pressure is expected develop from southeast MT
    into northwest ND during the day, along a Pacific front or
    dryline-like boundary shifting east through the northern High
    Plains. Meanwhile, a boundary initially across northern SD into
    northwest MN will retreat north to the International Border as a
    warm front. Elsewhere, a diffuse warm or quasi-stationary front will
    reside across portions of the mid MO Valley into mid MS Valley.


    ...Northern Plains into upper Mississippi Valley...

    A 30-40 kt low-level jet will enhance moisture return south of warm
    front and beneath a plume of steep mid-level lapse rates, with
    MLCAPE increasing to 2500-3500+ J/kg by afternoon within the
    poleward expanding warm sector. Height falls attendant to lead
    short-wave trough coupled with convergence in the vicinity of the
    surface low and Pacific front/dryline are expected to foster
    scattered thunderstorm development by mid/late afternoon over the
    western Dakotas.

    Strengthening deep-layer shear to 40-50 kt at a substantial angle to
    the surface front will support rapid evolution into supercells,
    which could initially be a bit higher based, given initiation on the
    western edge of richer, boundary-layer moisture. Large to very large
    hail will be the primary hazard initially. Tornado potential is
    expected to increase through the evening as storms move east into an increasingly moist and more strongly sheared low-level environment.
    Model forecast soundings indicate large, clockwise-curved hodographs
    with substantial SRH. However, there is some uncertainty as to what
    the predominant storm mode will be during the time of the low-level
    shear amplification. As such, this forecast will include a 10%
    unconditional tornado probability with a conditional intensity group
    one. Higher values may be required in subsequent forecasts if
    confidence increases in a sustained discrete or semi-discrete storm
    mode.

    At some point, storms are expected to grow upscale into an MCS along
    coalescing storm-scale cool pools, signaling an increasing damaging
    wind risk across the Red River Valley Tuesday night.


    ...Central Plains...

    Recent model runs have trended toward an earlier arrival of the
    upstream short-wave trough mentioned in the synopsis, which results
    in meaningful height falls overspreading the dryline during the
    latter half of the diurnal heating cycle. Various models indicate
    the development of isolated to widely scattered thunderstorm
    development by mid/late afternoon across western parts of NE and KS,
    perhaps as far southwest as northeast NM. Initial storms will form
    in a hot, deeply mixed boundary layer with steep low/mid-level lapse
    rates contributing to moderate instability. Initially marginal
    deep-layer shear is forecast to strengthen by late afternoon into
    Tuesday evening, with the environment becoming supportive of
    high-based supercells capable of severe wind gusts and large hail.

    There is some model suggestion that the initial high-based storms
    may evolve into an MCS that progresses from central NE and northern
    KS through the mid MO Valley Tuesday night. Given the strongly
    unstable air mass forecast along the path of the MCS, the potential
    would exist for a substantial damaging wind event, including the
    possibility of intense wind gusts. Confidence in that scenario is
    low, which precludes the addition of higher unconditional
    probabilities. However, a conditional intensity group one has been
    added to acknowledge the potential magnitude of such an event.


    ...Midwest into the lower Ohio Valley...

    A moderate to strongly unstable air mass is expected to develop
    Tuesday afternoon in the vicinity of a diffuse warm front or
    quasi-stationary boundary oriented northwest-to-southeast across the
    region. Storm coverage remains uncertain, which precludes higher
    unconditional severe probabilities. Nonetheless, the potential for
    large hail and damaging wind gusts will exists with any storms that
    can become sustained in that thermodynamic environment.

    ..Mead.. 06/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 8 17:37:51 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 081737
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 081736

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1236 PM CDT Mon Jun 08 2026

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF NORTH AND SOUTH DAKOTA INTO NORTHWEST MINNESOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Numerous severe thunderstorms are likely to develop across parts of
    the northern Plains and Upper Mississippi Valley Tuesday afternoon
    into night. Very large hail, tornadoes, a few of which could be
    strong, and damaging winds with significant gusts appear likely.

    ...Synopsis...

    A negatively tilted upper trough will be oriented from the Pacific
    Northwest to the southern Great Basin Tuesday morning. This feature
    will pivot east through the period, become positioned from southwest Saskatchewan to the central High Plains. A belt of enhanced
    southwesterly 500 mb flow will overspread portions of the
    northern/central Plains ahead of the aforementioned trough.
    Meanwhile, an intensifying low-level jet will develop during the evening/overnight hours across much of the Plains toward the Upper
    Midwest.

    At the surface, low pressure over eastern MT will gradually deepen
    and shift east/northeast across the northern Plains and adjacent
    Canadian Prairies. A Pacific front/dryline feature will extend
    southward from the low across the western Dakotas and NE. A
    secondary surface low may develop in the vicinity of eastern
    CO/western KS/southwest NE, where a dryline will extend from western
    KS southward into northwest OK and the TX Panhandle. Further east, a
    quasi-warm front feature is expected to extend northwest to
    southeast from MN to the Mid-MS Valley. This boundary may gradually
    lift northward through the evening/overnight in response to the
    low/midlevel mass response/increasing low-level jet.

    These boundaries will be a focus for severe storm development during
    the afternoon into the overnight hours.

    ...Northern Plains vicinity...

    Convection is expected to develop near the ND/MT border vicinity by
    mid/late afternoon along the surface boundary. A warm front should
    be well north of the Dakotas over the southern Canadian Prairies,
    and increasing southerly low-level flow will transport low to mid
    60s F dewpoints northward into the region. Cooling aloft will result
    in steepening midlevel lapse rates atop rich boundary-layer
    moisture, supporting MLCAPE increasing to 3000-4000 J/kg.
    South/southwesterly low-level winds will become southwesterly in the
    mid/upper levels, resulting in supercell wind profiles and 40+ kt
    effective shear magnitudes. Initial supercell storms are expected,
    though these storms may be somewhat higher-based within the more
    modest boundary layer moisture across the western Dakotas/far
    eastern MT. Large hail and damaging gusts are possible with these
    storms initially.

    As convection develops eastward into the axis of greater low-level
    moisture and strong instability, severe potential will increase,
    particularly with respect to swaths of damaging winds and tornadoes.
    As the low-level jet increases during the evening, and given
    mid/upper flow oriented parallel to the surface boundary, upscale
    growth into one or more linear segments is expected. As cold pool
    consolidation occurs, potential for significant wind gusts (greater
    than 65 kt) is expected to increase across parts of central ND.
    Low-level shear will also support tornado potential, whether
    semi-discrete supercells can be maintained, or with mesovortex
    generation within linear bands. As such, have left tornado
    probabilities similar to the prior forecast. Given the expectation
    that storm mode will become more linear with time, hail
    probabilities have been lowered (removed 45 percent). Nevertheless,
    large to very large hail will be possible with any discrete
    supercells that can be maintained or are embedded within linear
    segments.

    ...NE/SD/Mid-MO Valley vicinity...

    Convection emanating northeast from NE may eventually grow upscale
    into an MCS during the nighttime hours and spread into eastern SD
    and the Mid-MO Valley area. This scenario is uncertain. However,
    given ample deep-layer flow, extreme instability and at least subtle large-scale ascent over the region as the low-level jet overspreads
    this area overnight, this scenario seems plausible. If this occurs,
    damaging wind potential will be possible, and severe probabilities
    have been expanded eastward across portions of the region.

    ...KS into the OK/TX Panhandles and northeast NM...

    High-based convection is expected to develop along the surface
    dryline during the late afternoon. Deep boundary layer mixing will
    support steep low-level lapse rates. 500 mb temperatures around -10
    C also will support steep midlevel lapse rates near 8-8.5 C/km per
    regional forecast soundings. Deep layer shear will not be as strong
    as further north, but strong instability and inverted-v sub-cloud
    thermodynamic profiles will support severe wind gusts. There is some
    potential that if storms can be maintained further east toward
    better low-level moisture as the low-level jet increases during the
    evening, a swath of significant wind gusts could occur across the
    southwest KS vicinity. Severe probabilities have been increased
    across portions of the area given a favorable environment and strong
    signal within most forecast guidance.

    ...Mid-MS Valley into Lower OH Valley...

    A quasi-warm front/moisture boundary will overlap the region from
    northwest to southeast, and is likely to lift northward toward Lake
    MI overnight. Large-scale ascent will remain weak until late in the
    period. Nevertheless, strong instability within a very moist and
    unstable airmass will support isolated severe wind gusts potential
    through peak heating with any storms that develop. Additional storms
    may develop overnight from WI into northern IL as the low-level jet
    noses into the region resulting in strong warm advection atop the
    surface boundary. While this activity may remain elevated above the
    nocturnal stable layer, some potential for strong gusts or marginal
    hail is possible.

    ..Leitman.. 06/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 9 05:42:04 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 090541
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 090540

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1240 AM CDT Tue Jun 09 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER EASTERN MINNESOTA...MUCH OF WISCONSIN...CENTRAL AND EASTERN IOWA...AND
    NORTHWEST ILLINOIS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered to numerous severe thunderstorms capable of large hail in
    excess of two inches in diameter, a few strong tornadoes, and
    damaging winds with gusts in excess of 75 mph appear likely across
    portions of the upper Mississippi Valley and Midwest Wednesday
    afternoon into night. More sporadic occurrences of large hail and
    damaging winds are possible into the central and southern Plains,
    and from the lower Great Lakes toward the Mid-Atlantic coast.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper low along the MT-SK border Wednesday morning is forecast to
    deepen while redeveloping to along the ND-MB border Wednesday night.
    That intensification process will be driven by mid/upper-level jet
    streaks moving through the base of broader-scale trough, in tandem
    with an amplifying short-wave trough. A lead disturbance initially
    over the northern High Plains Wednesday morning will accelerate
    northeast into the Upper MS Valley by evening, along with the
    leading edge of stronger mid/upper-level jet streak winds.

    At the surface, an area of low pressure over eastern SD Wednesday
    morning will develop north-northeast into southeast MB by evening,
    while a trailing cold front advances through the upper MS Valley
    into the upper Great Lakes. The trailing extension of the boundary
    from the mid MO Valley into KS will move more slowly through the day
    before stalling and then lifting north Wednesday night in response
    to cyclogenesis over the central Plains. A dryline will intersect
    the front over southwest KS Wednesday afternoon, with that feature
    extending southwest into western TX.


    ...Upper Mississippi Valley/Upper Great Lakes into the Central and
    Southern Plains...

    Areas of thunderstorms may be ongoing Wednesday morning across
    portions of MN and WI, aided by warm advection along a nocturnal
    low-level jet. Residual convective outflow boundaries from the
    early-day storms and the approaching cold front are expected to
    focus the most intense thunderstorm development, which may occur by
    early afternoon across northern and central parts of MN. Subsequent south/southwestward storm development is expected by mid/late
    afternoon along and ahead of the front from southern MN and western
    WI through central/eastern IA, northern MO, into eastern/southern
    KS, and perhaps into western OK and northwest TX.

    Rich boundary-layer moisture, characterized by dewpoints in the
    upper 60s to low/mid 70s will coincide with a plume of steep
    mid-level lapse rates to yield moderate to strong afternoon
    instability with MLCAPE increasing to 2000-4000+ J/kg across the
    warm sector. Deep-layer shear will strengthen through the afternoon
    into evening with the arrival of the jet streaks, especially across
    the upper MS Valley into upper Great Lakes where effective bulk
    shear magnitudes of 50-60 kt are forecast.

    The expected CAPE-shear combination will support numerous severe
    storms that begin as supercells capable of large to very large hail
    and some tornado threat, with an eventual transition to a more of a cold-pool-driven convective system with embedded bowing structures
    by evening across portions of the Upper Midwest, potentially into
    Great Lakes. Damaging wind potential, including the possibility for
    75+ mph wind gusts would likewise increase with that mode
    transition, as would a continued tornado threat with line-embedded meso-vortices. The greatest potential for a few strong tornadoes is
    expected to develop with any sustained supercells across portions of
    eastern MN, WI, eastern IA, and northwest IL in the proximity of a strengthening low-level jet, which will enhance near-ground shear.

    Storms are expected to be increasingly more isolated in nature with southwestward extent along the front and dryline from eastern KS
    into western OK and northwest TX. Nonetheless, the degree of
    instability coupled with around 30 kt of deep-layer shear will favor
    organized multicell and/or supercell structures capable of large
    hail during the afternoon and evening hours.

    A separate large-hail threat is expected to develop Wednesday night
    into Thursday morning over the mid MO Valley within a zone of strong
    warm advection and moisture flux occurring within the terminus of a
    50+ kt low-level jet.


    ...Lower Great Lakes to Mid-Atlantic Coast...

    Forcing for ascent associated with a weak mid-level disturbance
    moving through the region is expected to foster widely scattered
    thunderstorm development during the afternoon amidst a moist and
    moderately unstable air mass. Model soundings indicate some
    enhancement of the mid-level wind field, with deep-layer shear
    increasing to around 30 kt in some areas. As such, a few severe
    storms appear possible with an associated risk for damaging wind
    gusts and large hail.

    ..Mead.. 06/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 9 17:22:44 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 091722
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 091721

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1221 PM CDT Tue Jun 09 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS EASTERN MINNESOTA...WISCONSIN...NORTHERN ILLINOIS...AND EASTERN IOWA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered to numerous severe thunderstorms capable of large hail in
    excess of two inches in diameter, a few strong tornadoes, and
    damaging winds with gusts in excess of 75 mph appear likely across
    portions of the Upper Mississippi Valley and Midwest Wednesday
    afternoon into night.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper trough will pivot northeast across the Upper Midwest on
    Wednesday. Enhanced deep-layer southwesterly flow associated with
    this system will overspread the Upper MS Valley vicinity in tandem
    with an intensifying low-level jet during the late afternoon into
    the nighttime hours, providing ample support for organized
    convection.

    At the surface, a quasi-warm front/moisture gradient is noted from north-central MN into northern Lower MI in model guidance during the
    morning. This boundary may lift northward through the day, though
    some influence from the Great Lakes may maintain this gradient
    across northern WI/MI. Otherwise the surface cold front will be
    located from northwest MN into northwest KS by midday. This boundary
    will march eastward through the period, becoming oriented from Upper
    MI/central WI to southeast NE by Thursday morning. The southern
    extent of the front will stall over KS as a surface low deepens
    across the central Plains overnight in response to another upper
    shortwave trough ejecting over the Rockies/High Plains.

    ...Upper Midwest/Great Lakes vicinity into northeast KS...

    A somewhat complex scenario is evident for Wednesday, with potential
    for more than one round of severe storms possible for parts of the
    region, particularly IA/WI/IL. This complex scenario will be
    influence by potential remnant MCVs and outflows from Day 2/Tuesday
    convection persisting into Wednesday morning or migrating into the
    area by early afternoon ahead of the main synoptic front. Additional
    convection will then also be possible along the main front late
    afternoon into the nighttime hours.

    Rich boundary layer moisture will be in place across the region,
    with surface dewpoints in the upper 60s to low 70s F common. Steep
    lapse rates atop this very moist boundary layer will support
    moderate to strong instability from 2000-4000 J/kg. Initial storm
    development will be supercells given favorable vertically veering
    shear profiles with 35+ kt effective shear magnitudes over a large
    area. With time, one or more bowing clusters may develop via cold
    pool consolidation and linear organization along the cold front as a
    40+ kt low-level jet develops by early evening. Initial large to
    very large hail and a strong tornado risk will accompany discrete
    cells. Damaging wind potential will be greater with more linear
    storm mode and some gusts could be greater than 75 mph with these
    organized linear modes.

    During the early evening, additional convection is expected to
    develop along the surface boundary from northeast KS into northwest
    MO and southern IA. Some forecast guidance (particularly the RAP)
    suggests this zone may be particularly favorable for supercell
    development as the low-level jet increases. Large to very large
    hail, damaging gusts a possibly a strong tornado will be possible
    with this convection along the southwest extent of the surface
    front. Overnight, additional storms may develop across eastern NE
    into western IA in a warm advection regime ahead of the upper trough
    ejecting into the central High Plains after 06z. This activity will
    likely be elevated, but would still pose a risk for large hail and
    perhaps strong wind gusts.

    ...South-central KS into western OK and the TX Panhandle...

    Vertical shear will become more limited with southwest extent on
    Wednesday. Capping also may limit storm development/coverage into
    the TX Panhandle. Nevertheless, any storms that do development will
    likely be somewhat higher-based and pose a risk for strong outflow
    winds. Large to very large hail will also be possible with any
    longer-lived storms given steep midlevel lapse rates, strong
    instability and elongated/straight forecast hodographs.

    ...Lower Great Lakes and Mid-Atlantic...

    A weak midlevel shortwave trough will migrate across the region on
    Wednesday. This will result in modestly enhanced vertical shear as
    midlevel flow increases during peak heating. At the surface, rich
    boundary layer moisture will overspread the area. Dewpoints in the
    mid to upper 60s F and strong heating into the 80s F will result in
    moderate destabilization. Morning convection may be ongoing across
    portions of the Delmarva vicinity, resulting in uncertainty with
    regards to the extent of afternoon severe potential, but at least
    isolated potential for strong gusts is possible from NY/PA/NJ
    southward into the Delmarva.

    ..Leitman.. 06/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 10 05:47:20 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 100547
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 100545

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1245 AM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS
    NORTHEAST MISSOURI...PARTS OF SOUTHERN AND EASTERN IOWA...SOUTHERN WISCONSIN...NORTHERN AND CENTRAL ILLINOIS...NORTHERN INDIANA...PARTS
    OF CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN...AND FAR NORTHWEST OHIO...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SURROUNDING THE
    ENHANCED RISK FROM THE SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO THE UPPER GREAT
    LAKES...AND ACROSS THE MID-ATLANTIC INTO CENTRAL APPALACHIANS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered to numerous severe storms capable of potentially strong
    tornadoes, large hail greater than two inches in diameter, and
    destructive winds with gusts in excess of 75 mph appear likely from
    portions of the lower Missouri and mid Mississippi Valleys into the
    upper Great Lakes. Widely scattered severe storms capable of
    damaging winds and large hail are possible across the Southern
    Plains, as well as the Mid-Atlantic into central Appalachians.

    ...Synopsis...

    A potent short-wave trough initially over the central High Plains
    Thursday morning is forecast to accelerate through the upper Great
    Lakes with a trailing perturbation moving through the central Plains
    into mid MS Valley Thursday night. Both disturbances will be located
    on the cyclonic aside of an unseasonably strong mid-level jet with
    500-mb wind speeds of 60-80+ kt. Elsewhere, northwest flow pattern
    will prevail in the mid levels across the Mid-Atlantic, with a
    series of weaker disturbances moving through that region.

    At the surface, low pressure initially over north-central KS
    Thursday morning will develop into central lower MI by Thursday
    night. The surface low will be developing along a composite
    outflow-warm front that will be rapidly lifting north through the
    Midwest into the upper Great Lakes. Meanwhile, a trailing cold front
    will advance southeast through the lower MO and mid MS Valleys, with
    the southwestward extension of the boundary settling south into the
    southern Plains.


    ...Mid/lower Missouri Valley into the Mid Mississippi Valley and
    upper Great Lakes...

    There is good model agreement that a cluster of severe storms,
    including supercells, will be ongoing at 12z Thursday across the mid
    MO Valley, immediately northeast of the surface low and within a
    zone of strong, low-level warm advection. The early-day storms are
    expected to grow upscale into an organized MCS with embedded
    supercell and bowing structures across IA by mid to late morning
    amidst a rapidly destabilizing air mass, which will be coincident
    with strong low-level and deep-layer shear. As such, the potential
    for tornadoes (some strong) and corridors of destructive winds in
    excess of 75 mph is expected to increase significantly during the
    morning. The intensifying MCS and its related destructive wind and
    tornado threat is expected to move into southern WI and northern IL
    by early to mid afternoon, and eventually into lower MI by late
    afternoon into evening.

    An additional wave of supercells and/or bowing structures is
    expected to develop along the trailing outflow from the lead MCS, as
    well as along the cold front from eastern IA and northern IL into
    the mid MS Valley during the afternoon into evening. Those storms
    will be capable of tornadoes, large to very large hail, and damaging
    winds with significant gusts, which could become widespread should
    storm mode transition to a bowing line.


    ...Eastern Kansas into the Southern Plains...

    Thunderstorm development is anticipated by mid to late afternoon
    along the cold front amidst a moderate to strongly unstable air
    mass. The models indicate the strongest deep-layer shear remaining
    within the post-frontal environment. Nonetheless, there is some
    signal for 30-40 kt of effective bulk shear to cross the eastern KS
    and western MO segment of the front at an oblique angle, which will
    be supportive of supercell storm modes with a risk for large to very
    large hail and severe wind gusts. Deep-layer shear vectors are
    forecast to align largely parallel with the front across the
    southern Plains, which may contribute to downshear storm seeding,
    leading to more messy modes. Nonetheless, the degree of instability
    will favor vigorous up/downdrafts capable of large hail and damaging
    winds.

    ...Mid-Atlantic into central Appalachians...

    Daytime heating coupled with dewpoints in the 60s to low 70s are
    expected to yield a weakly capped and moderate to strongly unstable
    afternoon air mass. Forcing for ascent associated with the
    disturbances mentioned in the synopsis are expected to foster
    multiple clusters of thunderstorms capable of damaging winds,
    especially if organized cold pools can develop. There is some model
    signal that a corridor of slightly stronger low-level and deep-layer
    shear will materialize across the lower Hudson Valley Thursday
    afternoon, which would support some potential for supercells capable
    of large hail and perhaps a brief tornado.

    ..Mead.. 06/10/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 10 17:33:26 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 101733
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 101731

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1231 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THURSDAY INTO
    THURSDAY NIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF SOUTHERN AMD EASTERN
    IOWAS....NORTHEASTERN MISSOURI....NORTHERN AND CENTRAL
    ILLINOIS...SOUTHERN WISCONSIN...NORTHERN INDIANA AND CENTRAL AND
    SOUTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THURSDAY AFTERNOON
    ACROSS THE ALLEGHENY MOUNTAINS THROUGH NORTHERN MID ATLANTIC
    VICINITY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to severe thunderstorm development, including one or two
    organizing clusters, will probably be accompanied by the potential
    for large hail, damaging wind gusts and perhaps a couple of strong
    tornadoes in a corridor across the Midwest into Great Lakes region
    Thursday through Thursday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that mid-level subtropical ridging will be
    maintained across much of the southern tier of the U.S. through this
    period, while the westerlies begin to trend a bit more zonal across
    the northern tier, in the wake of a broad, deep occluding cyclone
    slowly migrating northeastward toward southwestern Hudson Bay. A
    significant short wave trough turning to the east of the northern
    Rockies, to the south of the cyclone, at the outset of the period,
    is still forecast to pivot across southern portions of the mid
    Missouri Valley through the upper Great Lakes Thursday through
    Thursday night. This is likely to be accompanied by the
    northeastward migration of an associated secondary surface frontal
    low from the central Great Plains across and northeast of the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes region by 12Z Friday.

    Downstream, mid-level ridging appears likely to build through the
    day across the lower Great Lakes/upper Ohio Valley vicinity, with
    one or two perturbations digging within weak northwesterly flow
    further downstream, across the Allegheny Mountains and northern Mid
    Atlantic vicinity.

    A seasonably moist air mass, supportive of moderate to large
    potential instability, is likely to be maintained within the warm
    sector of the cyclone, to the north of the subtropical ridge.
    However, it appears that this may be substantively modified, at
    least initially, by outflow from thunderstorm development today
    across a large portion of the Upper Midwest into Great Lakes region.
    There have been some adjustments of categorical and probabilistic thunder/severe lines to account for associated uncertainties, and
    also attempt to better account for consensus of varying model
    output.

    ...Upper Midwest/Great Lakes into southern Great Plains...
    Downstream of the approaching short wave impulse and secondary low,
    low-level warm advection on the nose of a 40-50 kt southerly 850 mb
    jet may be providing support for an evolving convective cluster
    along/north of outflow boundary across southwestern Iowa at the
    outset of the period. This may include storms with potential to
    produce severe hail, before perhaps becoming rooted in a
    destabilizing boundary layer while spreading with forcing across
    Iowa through southern Wisconsin/northern Illinois through Thursday
    afternoon. This could include increasing potential for convection
    capable of producing wind damage and perhaps a few tornadoes.

    Thereafter, the primary forcing for stronger destabilization and
    lift to support strong/severe thunderstorm development seems likely
    to shift to the intersection of the trailing outflow/secondary
    surface low/cold front intersection across southeastern Iowa by late
    afternoon. This may include supercell development initially, before
    convection grows upscale and organizes in the presence of strong
    low-level and deep-layer shear, then propagates into and across the
    lower Lake Michigan/Michigan vicinities through Thursday evening,
    with potential for strong, damaging wind gusts and tornadoes.

    Scattered additional strong/severe storm development is possible in
    the corridor of stronger pre-frontal instability, but weaker
    mid/upper support and shear, southwestward through portions of the
    southern Great Plains.

    ...Alleghenies/northern Mid Atlantic...
    Moderate to locally strong potentially instability probably will
    become sufficient to support widely scattered strong to severe
    thunderstorm development with potential to produce damaging wind
    gusts.

    ..Kerr.. 06/10/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 10 17:51:59 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 101751
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 101750

    Day 2 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1250 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THURSDAY INTO
    THURSDAY NIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF SOUTHERN AMD EASTERN
    IOWAS....NORTHEASTERN MISSOURI....NORTHERN AND CENTRAL
    ILLINOIS...SOUTHERN WISCONSIN...NORTHERN INDIANA AND CENTRAL AND
    SOUTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THURSDAY AFTERNOON
    ACROSS THE ALLEGHENY MOUNTAINS THROUGH NORTHERN MID ATLANTIC
    VICINITY...

    CORRECTED FOR A FEW TYPOS/WORDING

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to severe thunderstorm development, including one or two
    organizing clusters, will probably be accompanied by the potential
    for large hail, damaging wind gusts and perhaps a couple of strong
    tornadoes in a corridor across the Midwest into Great Lakes region
    Thursday through Thursday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that mid-level subtropical ridging will be
    maintained across much of the southern tier of the U.S. through this
    period, while the westerlies begin to trend a bit more zonal across
    the northern tier, in the wake of a broad, deep occluding cyclone
    slowly migrating northeastward toward southwestern Hudson Bay. A
    significant short wave trough turning to the east of the northern
    Rockies, to the south of the cyclone, at the outset of the period,
    is still forecast to pivot across southern portions of the mid
    Missouri Valley through the upper Great Lakes Thursday through
    Thursday night. This is likely to be accompanied by the
    northeastward migration of an associated secondary surface frontal
    low, from the central Great Plains across and northeast of the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes region by 12Z Friday.

    Downstream, mid-level ridging appears likely to build through the
    day across the lower Great Lakes/upper Ohio Valley vicinity, with
    one or two perturbations digging within weak northwesterly flow
    further downstream, across the Allegheny Mountains and northern Mid
    Atlantic vicinity.

    A seasonably moist air mass, supportive of moderate to large
    potential instability, is likely to be maintained within the warm
    sector of the cyclone, to the north of the subtropical ridge.
    However, it appears that this may be substantively modified, at
    least initially, by outflow from thunderstorm development today
    across a large portion of the Upper Midwest into Great Lakes region.
    There have been some adjustments of categorical and probabilistic thunder/severe lines to account for associated uncertainties, and
    also attempt to better account for consensus of varying model
    output.

    ...Upper Midwest/Great Lakes into southern Great Plains...
    Downstream of the approaching short wave impulse and secondary low,
    low-level warm advection on the nose of a 40-50 kt southerly 850 mb
    jet may be providing support for an evolving convective cluster
    along/north of an outflow boundary across southwestern Iowa at the
    outset of the period. This may include storms with potential to
    produce severe hail, before perhaps becoming rooted in a
    destabilizing boundary layer while spreading with forcing across
    Iowa through southern Wisconsin/northern Illinois through Thursday
    afternoon. This could include increasing potential for convection
    capable of producing damaging wind gust and perhaps a few tornadoes.


    Thereafter, the primary forcing for stronger destabilization and
    lift to support strong/severe thunderstorm development seems likely
    to shift to the intersection of the trailing outflow/secondary
    surface low/cold front across southeastern Iowa by late afternoon.
    This may include supercell development initially, before convection
    grows upscale and organizes in the presence of strong low-level and
    deep-layer shear, then propagates into and across the lower Lake Michigan/Michigan vicinities through Thursday evening, with
    potential for strong, damaging wind gusts and tornadoes.

    Scattered additional strong/severe storm development is possible in
    the corridor of stronger pre-frontal instability, but weaker
    mid/upper support and shear, southwestward through portions of the
    southern Great Plains.

    ...Alleghenies/northern Mid Atlantic...
    Moderate to locally strong potentially instability probably will
    become sufficient to support widely scattered strong to severe
    thunderstorm development with potential to produce damaging wind
    gusts Thursday afternoon and evening.

    ..Kerr.. 06/10/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 11 05:35:35 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 110535
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 110534

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1234 AM CDT Thu Jun 11 2026

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM WESTERN NEW
    ENGLAND AND THE MID-ATLANTIC INTO EASTERN TENNESSEE AND WESTERN
    NORTH CAROLINA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered to scattered severe storms capable of mainly
    damaging wind gusts are expected from western New England and the
    Mid-Atlantic to eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina Friday
    afternoon and evening. Isolated occurrences of large hail appear
    possible from central New Mexico into far west Texas.

    ...Synopsis...

    A short-wave trough and attending 50 kt mid-level jet streak
    initially from the Upper Great Lakes into mid MS Valley are forecast
    to weaken while progressing through the OH Valley to along the St.
    Lawrence Valley. At the surface, a cold front initially from
    southwest Ontario to near the confluence of the OH and MS Rivers at
    12z Friday will advance east/southeast into New England and
    Mid-Atlantic, where it will merge with a lee trough closer to the
    coast.


    ...Western New England and the Mid-Atlantic into the Central
    Appalachians...

    While mid-level lapse rates are not expected to be overly steep, the
    presence of a hot, moist boundary layer will largely contribute to
    moderate to strong instability Friday afternoon ahead of the cold
    front and in the vicinity of the lee trough. Thunderstorm
    development is expected by early to mid afternoon across portions of
    NY and PA within a zone of forcing for ascent preceding the
    mid-level wave. Additional storm development is likely through the
    afternoon along the front and/or favored terrain in the central and
    southern Appalachians.

    The strongest vertical shear is expected to lag the surface warm
    sector to the west, leading to a mix of multicells and line segments
    with the primary hazard being damaging wind gusts. Isolated
    occurrences of marginally severe hail may also accompany the
    strongest storms.

    Individual thunderstorms are expected to gradually congeal into
    outflow-driven clusters by late afternoon into early evening,
    leading to a potentially more concentrated damaging-wind threat
    across the Mid-Atlantic.


    ...Central New Mexico into Far West Texas...

    Isolated thunderstorms are expected to develop within a moist and
    moderately unstable upslope regime Friday afternoon. Vertical shear
    is forecast to be somewhat marginal for storm organization; however,
    the presence of steep mid-level lapse rates will be supportive of
    some large-hail potential with the strongest updrafts.


    ...Northern High Plains into Minnesota and Wisconsin...

    Isolated thunderstorms are expected to develop during the afternoon
    within a marginally unstable environment, with some potential for
    gusty winds and/or small hail. Vertical shear is expected to be
    relatively strong, and if subsequent model runs indicate greater
    instability, severe-weather probabilities may need to be added.

    ..Mead.. 06/11/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 11 17:31:06 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 111731
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 111729

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1229 PM CDT Thu Jun 11 2026

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FRIDAY AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING ACROSS THE APPALACHIANS VICINITY INTO THE MID
    ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Clusters of thunderstorms may develop across the Appalachians into
    Mid Atlantic Friday afternoon through Friday evening, accompanied by
    potential to produce damaging wind gusts.

    ...Discussion...
    Downstream of building mid-level ridging within the mid-latitudes,
    offshore of the Pacific coast, it still appears that flow will
    remain largely zonal across the northern tier of the interior U.S.
    through at least this period, between subtropical ridging centered
    over the northern Gulf Basin and a quasi-stationary mid-level low
    centered to the southwest of Hudson Bay. Across the Atlantic
    Seaboard, it appears that generally modest to weak, though difluent
    and splitting, flow will prevail, as the most substantive upstream
    short wave perturbations pivot across and to the northwest of the
    lower Great Lakes, around the periphery of the low.

    In lower levels, a surface cyclone is forecast to migrate
    north/northwestward into the Hudson Bay vicinity and occlude Friday
    through Friday night, with the trailing cold front advancing
    southeastward through much of the Mid Atlantic by 12Z Saturday.
    Across the lower Ohio through southern Great Plains Red River
    Valleys, the front, initially reinforced by convective outflow, is
    forecast to weaken, while a another influx of cooler/drier air
    slowly spreads south of the central Canadian/U.S. border vicinity,
    through the northern Great Plains/Upper Midwest and adjacent Great
    Lakes region.

    ..Appalachians/Mid Atlantic...
    There still appears a general consensus within model output that
    seasonably high boundary-layer moisture content will support sizable
    potential instability (including CAPE in excess of 2000 J/kg) with
    insolation by early Friday afternoon, from portions of the
    Cumberland and Allegheny Plateau into the lee of the Blue Ridge and
    perhaps Poconos/Catskills. Coincident with at least subtle to weak
    mid-level height falls, and modest strengthening of flow in the
    700-500 mb layer to 20-30 kt, the environment may become conducive
    to the evolution of modestly organizing clusters with potential to
    produce swaths of strong to severe wind gusts.

    ...Southern Rockies and adjacent Great Plains...
    Moistening southerly low-level flow, in the presence of steepening
    low-level lapse rates with daytime heating, may contribute to
    sizable CAPE in excess of 2000 J/kg along/east of the Guadalupe and
    Sacramento Mountains, through the Sangre de Cristo Mountains
    and Raton Mesa vicinity by early Friday evening. This may become
    supportive of scattered thunderstorm development with potential to
    produce severe hail and localized strong surface gusts.

    Particularly closer to the southern periphery of the westerlies,
    near and east of the Raton Mesa, shear may become supportive of an
    organizing cluster propagating off the higher terrain, as a
    nocturnal low-level jet strengthens Friday evening. It might not be
    out of the question that probabilities for severe wind will need to
    be increased further across parts of northeastern New Mexico into
    southwestern Kansas and the Texas/Oklahoma Panhandle region in later
    outlook updates for this period.

    ..Kerr.. 06/11/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 12 05:58:42 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 120558
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 120557

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1257 AM CDT Fri Jun 12 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN
    KANSAS INTO WEST-CENTRAL ILLINOIS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    One or two evolving thunderstorm clusters appear possible across
    parts of the central Great Plains and lower Missouri Valley vicinity
    Saturday afternoon through Saturday night, accompanied by potential
    for strong, damaging wind gusts. Large to very large hail may also
    occur early in storm development from Kansas into Iowa.

    ...Mid-MS Valley into KS/OK...

    Generally low-amplitude mid/upper flow will extend across the
    central/southern Plains to the Mid-MS Valley area initially Saturday
    morning as the region is sandwiched between an upper trough over the
    Upper Midwest and the northern periphery of upper ridging across the
    Southeast. As the Upper Midwest trough modestly deepens and pivots
    east, some strengthening of mid and upper westerly flow is forecast.
    At the surface, southerly low-level flow will transport rich
    boundary layer moisture northward across OK/KS into the Mid-MS
    Valley ahead of northeast to southwest oriented cold front. Steep
    midlevel lapse rates atop this moist airmass will support a corridor
    of moderate to strong instability (2500-4000 J/kg MLCAPE) across KS,
    MO into southern IA and perhaps IL.

    Some uncertainty remains regarding possible ongoing convection
    across parts of northeast OK/southeast KS early Saturday morning in
    the form of a decaying MCS from the Day 1/Friday period. It is
    possible an MCV associated with this feature could move across MO
    during the day and pose some severe risk toward the MS River by
    afternoon. However, confidence in this scenario is low given low
    predictability of mesoscale feature at this time scale.

    Confidence is somewhat higher that convection will develop during
    the afternoon in the vicinity of the surface front from eastern KS
    into IA. Initial supercells appear possible. Low-level shear will be
    modest, but given rich boundary layer moisture and strong
    instability, a couple of tornadoes are possible. More likely, a
    large to very large hail risk will be possible with initial
    supercells given steep midlevel lapse rates, strong instability and elongated/straight forecast hodographs. As the surface front
    develops southeast during the late afternoon into the evening, one
    or more bowing MCSs are expected to develop, posing a risk for
    scattered severe/damaging winds (isolated gusts to 70-80 mph will be
    possible). This activity should continued southeast across the Lower
    MO Valley toward the Ozarks vicinity through evening/overnight. The
    northward extent of greater severe potential is uncertain, and this
    portions of the outlook may need further refinement in subsequent
    outlooks.

    ...Lake Michigan Vicinity...

    Isolated thunderstorms are expected during the afternoon and early
    evening along the advancing cold front. Cool temperatures aloft will
    support steep midlevel lapse rates atop low 60s F boundary layer
    moisture. This will foster MLCAPE values around 1500-2000 J/kg.
    Isolated hail and gusty winds will be possible with these storms.

    ...Southern Plains vicinity...

    A surface dryline will extend from southwest KS into eastern NM on
    Saturday. Forecast guidance depicts a shortwave impulse ejecting
    across the southern Rockies ahead of a western U.S. upper trough. As
    this occurs, isolated to scattered storms will develop near the
    surface boundary. This activity will likely be higher-based given
    deep mixing and strong heating into the 90s. Isolated strong wind
    gusts will be the main hazard with this activity, though a few
    instances of hail also are possible.

    ..Leitman.. 06/12/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 12 17:30:16 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 121730
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 121728

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1228 PM CDT Fri Jun 12 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SATURDAY
    AFTERNOON INTO SATURDAY NIGHT ACROSS EASTERN KANSAS...ADJACENT
    PORTIONS OF SOUTHEASTERN NEBRASKA AND NORTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA...AND
    MUCH OF WESTERN THROUGH CENTRAL MISSOURI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    One or two evolving thunderstorm clusters appear possible across
    parts of the central Great Plains and lower Missouri Valley vicinity
    Saturday afternoon through Saturday night. Some of this activity
    will pose a risk for producing large hail and swaths of strong,
    potentially damaging wind gusts.

    ...Discussion...
    Downstream of amplified mid-level ridging, offshore of the U.S.
    Pacific coast through British Columbia, it appears that flow will
    begin to veer to an increasing northwesterly component across and
    east of the Rockies through this period. Within this regime,
    substantive mid-level troughing is forecast to dig across the Upper
    Midwest, to the southwest of a lingering mid-level low centered
    across northwestern Ontario. Spread within model output remains
    larger concerning short wave perturbations digging through initially
    weaker flow across the Missouri through lower Ohio Valleys, and the
    extent to which they may begin to suppress the northern periphery of subtropical ridging centered over the northern Gulf Basin.

    In lower levels, an initial, convective outflow enhanced, surface
    front overspreading much of the Mid Atlantic through Mid South
    vicinity will likely already be in the process of weakening at the
    outset of the period. However, surges of cooler/drier air will
    continue to develop southward into and through the interior of the
    U.S., with the general leading edge reaching the lower Great Lakes
    through Ohio Valley, Ozarks Plateau and Texas South Plains by 12Z
    Sunday. This may be preceded across the Ohio Valley through western
    slopes of the Appalachians by outflow from extensive prior
    convective development.

    ...Central Great Plains into Missouri Valley...
    The potential for increasing thunderstorm development at the outset
    of the period across eastern Nebraska into western Iowa (near the
    nose of an east-northeastward advecting plume of elevated
    mixed-layer air) coupled with potential for substantive, but
    weakening, remnant convection from overnight overspreading the Ozark
    Plateau, contribute to continuing uncertainty concerning subsequent
    convective development Saturday through Saturday night.
    The evolution of convective outflows, and their impact on
    boundary-layer destabilization, coupled with uncertain short wave
    developments, will substantially impact the timing, location and
    potential upscale growth of potentially stronger thunderstorm
    development.

    However, beneath the plume of elevated mixed-layer air, a corridor
    of stronger boundary-layer heating and deeper mixing across Kansas
    during the day seems to provide the highest certainty for moderate
    to strong destabilization. Near the nose of this regime, somewhere
    across eastern Kansas into western Missouri, based on a consensus of
    model output, low-level warm advection in the presence of weaker
    inhibition may provide the focus for intensifying thunderstorm
    development by late afternoon. And there appears a general signal
    in the model output that a modifying outflow boundary/zone of
    differential heating may provide a focus for the southeastward
    development of upscale growing convection toward the Mid South
    through Saturday night. As this occurs, increasing thunderstorm
    development also appears probable ahead of the southward advancing
    cold front across Kansas through Oklahoma and the Texas Panhandle
    vicinity.

    Although deep-layer shear may be initially modest, it may still be
    sufficient to support the evolution of a few supercells capable of
    producing large hail and potential for a couple tornadoes, before
    evolving swaths of strong to severe wind gusts become the more
    prominent threat with organizing clusters into late Saturday
    evening.

    ..Kerr.. 06/12/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 13 05:17:17 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 130517
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 130515

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1215 AM CDT Sat Jun 13 2026

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY TO THE MID-ATLANTIC REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms capable of damaging wind gusts are
    expected across the Mid-Atlantic vicinity Sunday afternoon and
    evening. Additional strong to severe storms are expected across the
    Upper Ohio Valley and Lower Great Lakes area.

    ...Mid-Atlantic Region...

    An upper trough will be oriented over the Upper Great Lakes Sunday
    morning. A shortwave embedded within the large-scale troughing will
    pivot east across the Midwest/Lower Great Lakes to the Mid-Atlantic.
    Ahead of this main shortwave trough, most guidance suggests a lead
    impulse will overspread the Chesapeake Bay vicinity during the
    afternoon. Low to midlevel west/southwesterly flow will increase to
    around 30-40 kt in association with these features. This enhanced
    flow will aid in organized thunderstorms in multiple bands during
    the afternoon and evening.

    Rich boundary layer moisture is expected to be in place to the lee
    of the Blue Ridge across the NC/VA Piedmont and Chesapeake Bay
    vicinity into southeast PA/southern NJ. Northward extent of moisture
    return remains a bit uncertain, but at least low 60s F dewpoints
    should filter into much of PA and NY ahead of an eastward-advancing
    cold front. Strong heating will support a corridor of moderate
    destabilization, with MLCAPE in the 1500-2500 J/kg range across
    eastern VA/NC and vicinity. Instability is expected to be more muted
    with northward extent where boundary layer moisture will be somewhat
    less and midlevel lapse rates rather poor.

    Scattered to numerous thunderstorms are expected to develop within
    lee troughing near the Blue Ridge and spread east across the Chesapeake/DelMarVa/southeast PA/southern NJ vicinity during the
    afternoon to early evening. Damaging wind gusts will be the main
    concern with these storms, though isolated hail or a tornado also
    will be possible. If current model trends continue, higher coverage probabilities/upgrade to Enhanced (Level 3 of 5) could be needed in
    subsequent outlooks. For now, wind probabilities have been increased
    to 30 percent across the DelMarVa into southeast PA/southern NJ.

    Additional bands/clusters of storms are likely to develop during the
    afternoon ahead of the advancing cold front from the Upper Ohio
    Valley into PA/NY. While instability will be lower across this area,
    deep-layer flow will be stronger. Linear bands and clusters will
    pose a risk for isolated severe/damaging wind gusts through the
    evening.

    ...Southeast NM to the ArkLaTex...

    A southward sagging surface front/composite outflow will extend west
    to east across the region. A very moist and moderately unstable
    airmass will be in place ahead of the front. Isolated convection
    cold pose a risk for strong wind gusts. Across southeast
    NM/southwest TX, a few storms could also produce hail. Weak
    large-scale ascent and convection becoming undercut by the surface
    boundary will limit overall severe potential.

    ..Leitman.. 06/13/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 13 17:38:51 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 131738
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 131737

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1237 PM CDT Sat Jun 13 2026

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHERN
    GEORGIA NORTHWARD INTO PORTIONS OF SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms capable of damaging wind gusts are
    expected across the Mid-Atlantic vicinity Sunday afternoon and
    evening. Additional strong to severe storms are expected across the
    Upper Ohio Valley and Lower Great Lakes area.

    ... Synopsis ...

    Broad troughing will exist across the eastern US on Sunday with
    several smaller-scale troughs moving through a longer-wave trough.
    At the start of the forecast period, one shortwave trough will be
    moving across the Northeast and a secondary low-amplitude trough
    will approach the eastern US later in the day. As this happens,
    low-mid-level southwesterly flow will increase to around 40 knots,
    providing effective-layer shear sufficient for thunderstorm
    organization.

    Surface dewpoints will increase into the low 60Fs perhaps as far
    north as central/southern New York ahead of an eastward advancing
    cold front. Diurnal heating of this moist airmass should result in
    MLCAPE perhaps as high as 1500-2500 J/kg across the southern
    Mid-Atlantic, to perhaps 1000 J/kg across portions of New York.
    Multiple rounds of thunderstorms will be possible along and ahead of
    the surface front during the afternoon and evening. Damaging wind
    gusts will be the main concern with these storms, although an
    isolated tornado will also be possible. Strong consideration was
    given to increasing wind probabilities to 45% (Level 3/Enhanced)
    across the central/northern Mid-Atlantic region, but opted to defer
    any upgrade to later outlooks after collaboration with local
    offices.

    Additional bands/clusters of storms are likely to develop during the
    afternoon across portions of the Upper Ohio Valley into PA/NY. While instability will be lower across this area, deep-layer flow will be
    stronger. Linear bands and clusters will pose a risk for isolated severe/damaging wind gusts through the evening.

    ... Southeast NM to the ArkLaTex ...

    A southward sagging surface front/composite outflow will extend west
    to east across the region. A very moist and moderately unstable
    airmass will be in place ahead of the front. Isolated convection
    cold pose a risk for strong wind gusts. Across southeast
    NM/southwest TX, a few storms could also produce hail. Weak
    large-scale ascent and convection becoming undercut by the surface
    boundary will limit overall severe potential.

    ..Marsh.. 06/13/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 14 04:48:45 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 140448
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 140447

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1147 PM CDT Sat Jun 13 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    EASTERN NM...SOUTHEAST CO...AND WESTERN PARTS OF THE OK/TX
    PANHANDLES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms over the southern Rockies may result in some
    severe potential as they move southeast during the afternoon and
    evening. Elsewhere, scattered thunderstorms are possible from the
    Gulf Coast states to the Carolinas, and across the northern
    Plains/Upper Midwest.

    ...Synopsis...

    Broad, upper troughing will envelop much of the CONUS from the
    Rockies to the East Coast on Monday. A surface front will be
    oriented from the Mid-Atlantic coast southwestward across the Gulf
    Coast states and into central/southwest TX.

    ...Southern Rockies/High Plains...

    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are expected across portions of
    the southern Rockies and adjacent High Plains in southeast
    CO/eastern NM and possibly as far east as western parts of the OK/TX
    Panhandles during the late afternoon and evening. A weak shortwave
    impulse is expected to move over the southern Rockies while
    southerly low-level flow results in modest northward moisture return
    within the post-frontal upslope flow regime. Southerly low-level
    flow increasing with height and becoming northwesterly above 700 mb
    will provide sufficient effective shear for some storm organization.
    High-based convection will pose a risk for strong outflow gusts,
    with some potential for a forward propagating cluster moving across
    eastern NM toward the Panhandles via cold pool/outflow interactions.
    Overall modest shear, weak instability and a lack of low-level jet
    development will limit overall severe potential, though a couple of
    severe storms will be possible.

    ...Northern Plains/Upper Midwest...

    A shortwave impulse rotating across the northern Plains/Upper
    Midwest within broader upper troughing will support isolated to
    scattered high-based showers and thunderstorms within a dry airmass.
    Some gusty winds could accompany this activity, but a dearth of
    boundary layer moisture and weak instability will preclude severe probabilities.

    ...Southeast...

    Across the Southeast, a very moist airmass will be in place ahead of
    the southward sagging surface front. Poor lapse rates will limit
    stronger destabilization, but a belt of 1000-1500 J/kg MLCAPE is
    possible across southern AL/GA into northern FL. Thunderstorm
    clusters could produce locally gusty winds, but organized severe
    potential will be limited by weak vertical shear, poor lapse rates,
    and little large-scale ascent.

    ..Leitman.. 06/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 14 17:33:19 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 141733
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 141731

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1231 PM CDT Sun Jun 14 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SOUTHERN ROCKIES
    AND SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms over the southern Rockies may result in some
    severe potential as they move southeast during the afternoon and
    evening. Elsewhere, scattered thunderstorms are possible from the
    Gulf Coast states to the Carolinas, and across the northern
    Plains/Upper Midwest.

    ... Synopsis ...

    Broad mid-level troughing will persist across the eastern US on
    Monday. Embedded within the larger-scale trough will be several
    short-wave troughs quickly moving through. The first of these will
    be located across the Mid-Mississippi Valley at the start of the
    forecast period before quickly moving east off the East Coast by the
    end of the period. A second short-wave trough will dig southeast out
    of Canada across the Northern Plains into the Upper Midwest.

    At the surface, a remnant frontal boundary will hangup across the
    northern Gulf states, with a warm, moist airmass to the south and a
    continental cooler, drier airmass to the north. A secondary cold
    front will push quickly south and east across much of the Plains,
    stretching from southeast Colorado into the Upper Midwest by Tuesday
    morning.


    ... Southern Rockies/High Plains into Southwest Kansas ...

    Easterly winds early Monday will turn southeasterly to southerly by
    late afternoon in response to surface troughing associated with the
    approaching mid-level short-wave trough. This will draw modest
    surface moisture northwestward into higher terrain of southeast
    Colorado (upper 40Fs dewpoints) and plains of southwest Kansas
    (upper 50Fs dewpoints).

    At the same time, northwesterly mid-level flow will strengthen in
    response to the approaching short-wave trough. The result will be
    effective shear in the 30-40 knot range across the area by late
    afternoon, strengthening into the evening hours as the southerly
    nocturnal boundary layer wind maximum develops.

    Thermodynamically, the northwesterly flow will maintain steep
    mid-level lapse rates. These lapse rates, coupled with diurnal
    heating, will yield MUCAPE values from around 500 J/kg in the higher
    terrain of southeast Colorado to around 1000-1500 J/kg across
    portions of the Texas/Oklahoma Panhandles and southwest Kansas.
    Continued low-level theta-e advection overnight should maintain or
    increase instability across the area during the overnight.

    Current thinking is that isolated to scattered thunderstorms should
    develop across terrain favored areas of eastern New Mexico and
    southeast Colorado. Strengthening mid-level flow should then support
    storm movement to the east/southeast into the High Plains. Initial thunderstorms should be capable of producing marginally severe hail.
    The potential exists for some isolated significant hail where higher instability exists. With time congealing thunderstorm outflows
    should result in an east/southeast moving cluster of storms with a
    potential for strong, gusty winds.

    A small 15% hail or wind probability may be needed in later updates
    if confidence in storm coverage across southwest Kansas and portions
    of the Texas/Oklahoma Panhandles continues to increase.

    ... Northern Plains and Upper Midwest ...

    Despite scant low-level moisture, steepening mid-level lapse rates
    may support thunderstorm development during the afternoon and
    evening. These storms should be relatively high-based with dry
    sub-cloud layers. Strong, gusty winds will be possible with these
    storms. A 5% wind area was considered, but low confidence in overall
    coverage of gusty winds precluded the introduction at this time.


    ... Northern Gulf Coast States and Florida ...

    A very moist airmass will be in place ahead of the sagging/stalled
    surface front. Poor lapse rates should limit CAPE generation, but
    diurnal heating of this very moist airmass should yield MUCAPE
    values around 1500-2000 J/kg across portions of the area. This area
    is south of the main mid-level flow, which should limit overall
    thunderstorm organization, but high water content may result in a
    few wet downbursts capable of producing isolated damaging wind. The
    overall coverage looks to remain too low to warrant unconditional 5%
    wind probabilities at this time, but will be reevaluated in
    subsequent outlooks, particularly across portions of northern
    Florida and southern Georgia.

    ..Marsh.. 06/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 15 04:50:27 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 150450
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 150448

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1148 PM CDT Sun Jun 14 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible Tuesday
    afternoon and evening across parts of the Midwest into Lower
    Michigan.

    ...Midwest...

    A midlevel shortwave trough will migrate east across the Midwest and
    Great Lakes on Tuesday. This will support a band of enhanced
    midlevel southwesterly flow across portions of WI/IL and into
    IN/Lower MI/OH during the afternoon and evening. Cooling aloft will
    result in steep midlevel lapse rates and support MLCAPE up to 1500
    J/kg. A weak cold front will move across the region during the afternoon/evening, and a band of convection will develop ahead of
    this feature. The main limiting factor precluding higher severe
    probabilities at this time is the expectation for meager boundary
    layer moisture. Surface dewpoints will generally be in the mid/upper
    50s to near 60 F. Forecast soundings indicate sufficient deep layer
    shear for transient supercells and clusters with a risk for isolated
    hail and strong wind gusts.

    ...Northern Oklahoma vicinity...

    Some forecast guidance suggests storms may develop across parts of
    northern OK during the late afternoon/early evening as midlevel flow
    increases within a strengthening warm advection regime. However,
    given a lack of large-scale ascent or focus for thunderstorm
    initiation other than strong daytime heating for an increasing moist
    airmass, confidence in sustained thunderstorm development is low. If
    storms can develop and be maintained, a risk for strong gusts and
    isolated hail will be possible. If confidence increases, low
    unconditional severe probabilities could be needed.

    ...Eastern Montana/Western North Dakota...

    Strong storms are expected to develop within strong northwesterly
    deep layer flow over the Canadian Prairies Tuesday
    afternoon/evening. This activity will quickly develop southeast into
    MT/ND by late afternoon/evening. Strong heating amid meager
    low-level moisture will result in deep boundary layer mixing and
    weak instability. Locally gusty winds could accompany this activity.

    ..Leitman.. 06/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 15 17:30:00 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 151729
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 151728

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1228 PM CDT Mon Jun 15 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST...THE GREAT LAKES TO THE
    CENTRAL PLAINS...AND THE WESTERN/CENTRAL GULF COAST....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered strong to severe thunderstorms are possible
    Tuesday afternoon and evening across parts of the Midwest into Lower
    Michigan. Additional strong to severe storms are possible across the
    northern Plains into the Upper Midwest Tuesday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    A belt of moderate to strong mid-level flow will extend from the
    Northwest to the northern Plains and the Midwest and to the
    Mid-Atlantic on Tuesday. Within this flow, a mid-level shortwave
    trough will move through the Great Lakes. An additional, stronger
    shortwave trough will amplify across the northern Plains toward the
    end of the period. A weak surface low will move through the northern
    Great Lakes through the day and weaken while an associated cold
    front moves across the Midwest and eventually stalls toward the end
    of the period. A stronger surface low will develop across the
    northern Plains Tuesday night and will be located somewhere near
    eastern South Dakota by the end of the period.

    ...Midwest to the Central Plains...
    Strengthening lower tropospheric flow will transport moisture
    northward ahead of a cold front tomorrow morning/afternoon with weak
    to potentially moderate instability expected. An initial line of
    storms will likely develop on the leading edge of the returning
    moisture in a more well-mixed and uncapped environment. This
    activity will likely stay sub-severe, but a few isolated damaging
    wind gusts will be possible given the steep low-level lapse rates
    and strengthening flow. The greater severe weather potential is
    expected along the cold front during the afternoon where upper 50s
    to low 60s dewpoints should be present. Cloud-cover from initial
    activity should limit overall instability (and a more substantial
    threat), but cooling temperatures aloft should provide adequate
    instability for strong to severe storms along the front. The strong
    shear across the region will support the potential for rotating
    updrafts capable of isolated large hail, damaging wind gusts, and
    perhaps a tornado. If instability trends increase, an upgrade to
    Slight Risk (Level 2/5) may be necessary in later outlooks across
    northern Indiana, southern Michigan and northwest Ohio.

    ...Northern Plains to the Upper Midwest...
    Tuesday night, as the mid-level trough amplifies across the northern
    Plains, the frontal zone across the northern Plains will tighten.
    Instability is forecast to be relatively weak initially, but strong
    forcing from dCVA across the region, strengthening isentropic ascent
    due to the strengthening cyclone, and strong shear beneath the 100+
    knot 300mb jet streak will provide an environment that supports
    isolated strong to severe storms along the frontal zone despite the
    weak instability.

    Within this larger marginal risk region, a greater severe threat may
    exist shortly before 12Z across northern Iowa and vicinity. Here
    richer 850 moisture, advected by the strengthening low-level jet,
    will yield greater elevated instability (1500 to 2000 J/kg MUCAPE).
    This will provide an environment featuring moderate instability and
    strong shear amid strengthening isentropic ascent.

    ...Gulf Coast...
    Most guidance shows a MCV developing across northern Mexico/south
    Texas today, which is already somewhat apparent across the region.
    This feature is forecast to move into the western Gulf on Tuesday. Strengthening flow associated with this MCV will overspread the
    Texas and Louisiana Coast tomorrow. A tropical environment will be
    present with weak mid-level lapse rates. However, this strengthening
    flow may support an isolated tornado threat from the central Texas
    Coast to the eastern Louisiana Coast.

    ..Bentley.. 06/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 16 06:01:02 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 160600
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 160559

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1259 AM CDT Tue Jun 16 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF CENTRAL ILLINOIS INTO NORTHWEST INDIANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An outbreak of severe thunderstorms is expected across portions of
    Illinois and Indiana on Wednesday. Intense tornadoes, swaths of
    damaging gusts to 80 mph and hail to 2.5 inch diameter are expected.

    ...Midwest...

    A volatile environment for severe thunderstorms is expected to
    develop across portions of the Midwest from IA/MO into IL/IN/OH on
    Wednesday, with significant all-hazards severe expected.

    A mid/upper level shortwave trough initially over the northern
    Plains early Wednesday will pivot southeast across the Upper Midwest
    through 00z, and much of the Great Lakes by 12z Thursday. As this
    occurs, particularly intense mid and upper level flow, especially by
    June standards, if forecast to increase over the region. A 60-80 kt
    westerly 500 mb jet stream will overspread much of the Midwest
    through the evening, before increasing further during the nighttime
    hours. Furthermore, an impressive southwesterly 850 mb low-level jet
    around 50-60 kt will be oriented from KS into IA at 12z. This
    feature will spread east/northeast across IL/IN/OH through evening. Interestingly, the core of the low-level jet may be somewhat
    displaced to the east of the core warm sector expected to develop
    across the Mid-MS Valley vicinity, perhaps tied to an early-day
    shortwave impulse ejecting across IA/IL during the morning.
    Nevertheless, 40-55 kt 850 mb winds will persist even across the
    warm sector even as the core of the low-level jet overspreads the
    Ohio Valley toward Lower MI during the afternoon.

    At the surface, an elongated area of low pressure will extend from
    ND to the Mid-MO valley Wednesday morning. A warm front will extend
    from northwest IA southeastward across central IL, while a cold
    front extend from eastern NE into western KS. As this system
    progresses east through the day, the warm front will lift northward
    into northern IL/IN/OH and upper 60s/near 70 dewpoints are expected.
    Aided by steep midlevel lapse rates/cooling aloft, MLCAPE will
    approach 2500-3500 J/kg. The latitude of the warm front continues to
    be a point of uncertainty. Most forecast guidance depicts morning
    convection near and north of the warm front within a strong warm
    advection regime moving eastward across IA/northern IL/IN. It is
    uncertain if this will suppress the northward advancement of the
    warm front. The ultimate position of the warm front will have large
    impacts on where particularly concerning strong to intense tornado
    potential may eventually develop as storm motion would likely be
    along the boundary, rather than across the boundary, allowing for
    potentially fast-moving/long-track supercells interacting with the
    warm front and remaining within the favorable warm sector.

    As the surface cold front develops east, additional convection will
    develop along the boundary by late afternoon/early evening from far
    southeast IA into northern MO and eastern KS. Initial supercells
    along this boundary will pose an all hazards risk -- including very
    large hail, strong tornadoes and damaging gusts. With time, this
    convection may develop into a line propagating east/southeast. If a
    linear MCS develops, swaths of damaging wind gusts will be possible.


    In general, given the strength of background flow fields, damaging
    wind potential could be significant regardless of storm mode.
    Furthermore, even storms developing north of the warm front could
    still produce severe gusts given large MUCAPE, fast storm motion and
    intense flow just above the surface. Favorable low-level shear will
    also support continued tornado potential even within a linear storm
    mode via embedded supercell structures and mesovortex generation.
    Large to very large hail potential is most likely early in storm
    development and where supercells are more likely to remain discrete
    (northern MO/far southeast IA/north-central IL).

    ...Gulf Coast...

    Isolated strong gusts are possible in association with a tropical
    disturbance moving eastward along the Gulf Coast. See the tropical
    weather outlook from the National Hurricane Center for more
    information.

    ..Leitman.. 06/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 16 17:33:06 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 161733
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 161731

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1231 PM CDT Tue Jun 16 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    CENTRAL ILLINOIS INTO NORTHWEST INDIANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An outbreak of severe thunderstorms is expected across portions of
    Illinois and Indiana on Wednesday. Intense tornadoes, swaths of
    damaging gusts to 80 mph and hail to 2.5 inch diameter are expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong mid-level jet streak will overspread parts of the Midwest
    and lower Great Lakes on Wednesday. A deep surface low initially
    within the Upper Midwest is forecast to evolve across the lower
    Great Lakes and southern Ontario/Quebec. A strong low-level jet will
    advect rich surface moisture ahead of a cold front through the
    period. A warm front, likely reinforced by morning convection is
    expected to lift northward into parts of central/northern Illinois
    and northern Indiana/Ohio. Potent wind fields for this point in June
    will support a threat for scattered to numerous severe storms
    capable of all severe hazards -- including strong to intense
    tornadoes, very-large hail, and 75+ mph winds.

    ...Mid-Mississippi Valley into northern Indiana/far western Ohio...
    A majority of the CAMs as well as regional/global guidance suggest
    convection will be ongoing in parts of eastern Iowa early Wednesday
    morning. This activity will shift through northern/central Illinois
    into Indiana. Some risk for damaging winds will probably accompany
    this activity. The degree to which this cluster of convection can
    intensify through mid/late morning is not clear. The environment
    with eastward extent will begin drier and less unstable. The most
    probable outcome is that this convection shifts east-southeast
    relatively quickly and weakens with time.

    The more substantial severe threat is expected to develop perhaps by
    early/mid afternoon and depend strongly upon how morning convection
    evolves spatially. Given the strong moisture advection into the
    region, it is reasonable to expect an area of relatively rapid
    airmass recovery from the Quad Cities vicinity into parts of central
    Illinois. Storms that form in this environment near the surface
    low/warm front will likely be discrete and take advantage of strong
    low-level shear. Large to very-large hail, significant wind gusts,
    and strong/intense tornadoes will all be possible. As convection
    continues eastward into Indiana, the low-level moisture will be
    improving with time.

    ...Southeast Kansas into Missouri...
    Along the cold front, scattered storms are expected to develop by
    mid/late afternoon. With mid-level height falls not being overly
    strong and effective shear vectors have a large orthogonal component
    across the front, storms will likely be supercellular for a few
    hours. Steep mid-level and low-level lapse rates will promote a risk
    of large/very-large hail as well as potentially 75+ mph wind gusts.
    Despite being west of the low-level jet core, low-level wind fields
    will still support a risk of tornadoes, some of which could be
    strong.

    ...Central Gulf Coast...
    Potential Tropical Cyclone 1 is forecast to move northeastward with
    time. The marginally enhanced low-level wind fields will support
    weak supercell structures that may produce brief, weak tornadoes.
    Given the poor thermodynamic environment and the main timing of the
    threat being during the evening/overnight, the overall threat should
    remain marginal.

    ..Wendt.. 06/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 16 18:28:35 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 161828
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 161827

    Day 2 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0127 PM CDT Tue Jun 16 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    CENTRAL ILLINOIS INTO NORTHWEST INDIANA...

    CORRECTED FOR TORNADO PROBABILITIES

    ...SUMMARY...
    An outbreak of severe thunderstorms is expected across portions of
    Illinois and Indiana on Wednesday. Intense tornadoes, swaths of
    damaging gusts to 80 mph and hail to 2.5 inch diameter are expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong mid-level jet streak will overspread parts of the Midwest
    and lower Great Lakes on Wednesday. A deep surface low initially
    within the Upper Midwest is forecast to evolve across the lower
    Great Lakes and southern Ontario/Quebec. A strong low-level jet will
    advect rich surface moisture ahead of a cold front through the
    period. A warm front, likely reinforced by morning convection is
    expected to lift northward into parts of central/northern Illinois
    and northern Indiana/Ohio. Potent wind fields for this point in June
    will support a threat for scattered to numerous severe storms
    capable of all severe hazards -- including strong to intense
    tornadoes, very-large hail, and 75+ mph winds.

    ...Mid-Mississippi Valley into northern Indiana/far western Ohio...
    A majority of the CAMs as well as regional/global guidance suggest
    convection will be ongoing in parts of eastern Iowa early Wednesday
    morning. This activity will shift through northern/central Illinois
    into Indiana. Some risk for damaging winds will probably accompany
    this activity. The degree to which this cluster of convection can
    intensify through mid/late morning is not clear. The environment
    with eastward extent will begin drier and less unstable. The most
    probable outcome is that this convection shifts east-southeast
    relatively quickly and weakens with time.

    The more substantial severe threat is expected to develop perhaps by
    early/mid afternoon and depend strongly upon how morning convection
    evolves spatially. Given the strong moisture advection into the
    region, it is reasonable to expect an area of relatively rapid
    airmass recovery from the Quad Cities vicinity into parts of central
    Illinois. Storms that form in this environment near the surface
    low/warm front will likely be discrete and take advantage of strong
    low-level shear. Large to very-large hail, significant wind gusts,
    and strong/intense tornadoes will all be possible. As convection
    continues eastward into Indiana, the low-level moisture will be
    improving with time.

    ...Southeast Kansas into Missouri...
    Along the cold front, scattered storms are expected to develop by
    mid/late afternoon. With mid-level height falls not being overly
    strong and effective shear vectors have a large orthogonal component
    across the front, storms will likely be supercellular for a few
    hours. Steep mid-level and low-level lapse rates will promote a risk
    of large/very-large hail as well as potentially 75+ mph wind gusts.
    Despite being west of the low-level jet core, low-level wind fields
    will still support a risk of tornadoes, some of which could be
    strong.

    ...Central Gulf Coast...
    Potential Tropical Cyclone 1 is forecast to move northeastward with
    time. The marginally enhanced low-level wind fields will support
    weak supercell structures that may produce brief, weak tornadoes.
    Given the poor thermodynamic environment and the main timing of the
    threat being during the evening/overnight, the overall threat should
    remain marginal.

    ..Wendt.. 06/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 17 05:27:08 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 170527
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 170525

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1225 AM CDT Wed Jun 17 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM KENTUCKY INTO
    THE MID-ATLANTIC AND NORTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms will be possible from
    Kentucky to the Mid-Atlantic, and across parts of the Northeast.
    Damaging wind gusts will be the main hazard with this activity.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper shortwave trough over the Lower Great Lakes/Upper Ohio
    Valley Thursday morning will pivot northeast across the Northeast
    through evening. Strong deep layer southwesterly flow associated
    with this feature will already be in place at the beginning of the
    period, with 500 mb flow from 60-80 kt stretching across portions of
    the Northeast. Meanwhile, an intense 850 mb low-level jet will lift
    northeast across the central Appalachians, the Mid-Atlantic, and the
    Northeast. A surface low over southern Ontario will pivot northeast
    into Quebec, while a trailing cold front stretches from the Lower
    Great Lakes west/southwest toward the Mid-MS Valley and the OK/TX
    Panhandles Thursday morning. The northern extent of this boundary
    will spread east across the Northeast while the western extent
    across the Ohio Valley into the Plains slowly sags southward.

    Across the Gulf Coast states, the remnants of current Potential
    Tropical Cyclone One will migrate eastward across the region. This
    feature could locally enhance deep layer shear amid a very moist and
    modestly airmass.

    ...Kentucky to the Mid-Atlantic/Northeast Vicinity...

    Convection will be ongoing Thursday morning in the vicinity of the
    surface cold front. Ahead of the front, a seasonally moist airmass
    will be in place. Instability will likely be muted from PA/NY into
    New England due to cloud cover, poor lapse rates and a narrow/modest
    warm sector. Nevertheless, intense deep-layer flow will overspread
    the Northeast and fast moving storms could produce damaging wind
    gusts.

    Stronger instability is expected in a corridor from KY into the
    Mid-Atlantic where richer boundary layer moisture will be in place.
    This corridor also may see stronger heating. The strong 850 mb
    low-level jet will gradually weaken through the day as it lifts
    northeast, but strong deep-layer flow will persist atop this
    moist/unstable airmass. Scattered storms are expected during the
    afternoon into evening, posing mainly a risk of damaging gusts.

    ...Gulf Coast/Southeast...

    The remnants of current Potential Tropical Cyclone One will migrate east/northeast across the region on Thursday. A very moist airmass
    will be in place, and where stronger heating can occur, moderate destabilization is expected. Furthermore, the remnant low will
    locally enhance vertical shear. Isolated strong storms capable of
    producing gusty winds and a tornado or two will be possible.

    ...Southern Plains to Mid-South...

    Severe thunderstorm potential is a bit more uncertain from
    OK/northwest TX into the Ozarks vicinity. A very moist and unstable
    airmass will be in place ahead of the southward sagging cold front.
    However, large-scale ascent will be weak and capping could limit
    storm coverage. If storms can develop ahead of the front, some risk
    for strong wind and hail will be possible.

    ..Leitman.. 06/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 17 17:25:10 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 171725
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 171723

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1223 PM CDT Wed Jun 17 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL
    KENTUCKY INTO THE MID-ATLANTIC AND PORTIONS OF NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms will be possible from
    Kentucky to the Mid-Atlantic, and across parts of the Northeast.
    Damaging wind gusts will be the main hazard with this activity.

    ...Synopsis...
    A potent upper trough and associated mid-level jet streak will move
    into the northern Mid-Atlantic/New England Thursday morning. A deep
    surface low moving through southern Ontario/Quebec will drive a
    surface cold front through the regions. This front will extend
    southwestward into the Ohio Valley/southern Appalachians and parts
    of the central/southern Plains. The remnants of what is now Tropical
    Storm Arthur will continue through parts of the Southeast.

    ...New England/Mid-Atlantic...
    Convection will likely be ongoing ahead of the upper trough during
    the morning, particularly from eastern New York into New England.
    While this activity is likely to inhibit afternoon destabilization,
    strong wind fields will still promote some risk for damaging winds
    and perhaps a brief tornado. The strongest activity will develop by
    early afternoon along the cold front and progress eastward. Bowing
    segments and marginal supercell structures will be possible. The
    strong low-level jet will be shifting eastward during the day, but
    portions of New England will still have strong 850 mb winds during
    the early/mid afternoon. If sufficient heating occurs, this is where
    the tornado risk will be marginally greater.

    ...Kentucky/West Virginia/Virginia...
    Stronger instability is expected south of the surface front on
    account of richer low-level moisture. Scattered storms are expected
    to form along the front by mid afternoon. Though the low-level jet
    will weaken much quicker in these areas, deep-layer shear near the
    front will remain sufficient for organized cells and linear
    segments. These storms will move eastward through the afternoon and
    pose a risk of damaging wind gusts.

    ...Southern Plains into Ozarks...
    Elevated convection may be ongoing early in the period near and
    north of the cold front in southern Kansas/southwest Missouri. These
    storms could produce large hail. With time, the front will sag
    southward. Strong heating of a 70+ F dewpoint airmass will
    potentially promote afternoon thunderstorms capable of marginally
    severe hail and isolated severe gusts. During the evening,
    additional thunderstorms may develop as a modest increase in the
    low-level jet occurs. Some guidance suggests this activity may
    cluster into a small MCS within western Oklahoma/northwest Texas.
    Where and if this occurs is not certain. Some risk for severe gusts
    could extent into the evening if this occurs.

    ...Southeast...
    The remnants of Tropical Storm Arthur will move through a very moist
    (70+ F dewpoints) airmass. Local shear magnitudes will be modestly
    enhanced by the remnant circulation. Scattered convection will be
    capable of wind damage and perhaps a tornado or two. Portions of
    Georgia may see greater surface heating ahead of the circulation. A
    few stronger storms are possible here. Even so, poor mid-level lapse
    rates and deep-layer shear (especially away from the circulation
    center) will limit the overall severe threat.

    ..Wendt.. 06/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 18 05:26:16 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 180526
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 180524

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1224 AM CDT Thu Jun 18 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE UPPER MIDWEST...AND FROM NORTH TEXAS THROUGH THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong storms may produce gusty winds and hail across the
    Upper Midwest. Additional strong thunderstorms may produce damaging
    wind gusts from north Texas/southern Oklahoma through portions of
    the Gulf Coast states and into the coastal Carolinas.

    ...Minnesota/Wisconsin...

    An upper shortwave trough will migrate across the Upper Midwest on
    Friday. This will bring a belt of enhanced northwesterly flow aloft
    across the region. In the wake of a prior frontal passage,
    boundary-layer moisture will be very modest (generally 50s F
    dewpoints), but cool temperatures aloft and midlevel lapse rates
    near 7 C/km will support weak destabilization (around 500-1000 J/kg
    MLCAPE). Forecast soundings show vertically veering wind profiles
    and elongated/straight hodographs with around 35-40 kt effective
    shear magnitudes. Isolated higher-based supercells will be possible.
    Steepened low-level lapse rates and the relatively dry
    boundary-layer will support isolated strong gusts. Isolated
    marginally severe hail also will be possible.

    ...ArkLaTex vicinity through the Gulf Coast states...

    Most forecast guidance depicts an ongoing MCS across North Texas or
    far southern OK at Friday morning. Strong gusts will be possible
    with this system through the morning given modestly enhanced
    mid/upper flow and a corridor of strong instability across the
    ArkLaTex vicinity. This MCS and/or remnant MCV may continue
    east/southeast across east TX or toward the lower MS Valley through
    the day, tracking along a southward-sagging surface boundary.

    Further east across the Gulf Coast vicinity, a very moist airmass
    will be in place, with PW values near 2 inches common. This will aid
    in moderate destabilization ahead of a west to east oriented surface
    boundary. Vertical shear will be weak, but water laden downdrafts
    could support isolated microbursts. It is unclear if convection will
    be able to organize along the surface boundary into a forward
    propagating cluster, but if this occurs, damaging wind potential
    would increase.

    ...Coastal Carolinas...

    A mid/upper shortwave trough will move across the area through
    afternoon. Some guidance depicts a small MCS or cluster associated
    with a strong low-level jet during the morning. As this feature
    spreads northeast along the coast through afternoon, strong gusts
    will be possible.

    ...Florida...

    A seasonally moist and unstable airmass will reside across
    north/central FL on Friday. Parts of the state will be on the
    southern fringes of stronger mid-level flow associated with the
    upper shortwave trough moving across the Carolinas. Some forecast
    soundings show 20-30 kt midlevel low, and this may be sufficient for
    transient organized cells along parts of the east coast. Additional
    storms will be possible across the Panhandle and northern FL as
    convection develops southward across the area ahead of a
    southward-sagging surface boundary. Ample moisture/high PW values
    and moderate instability will support occasional strong gusts with
    the strongest storms.

    ..Leitman.. 06/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 18 17:30:26 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 181730
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 181728

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1228 PM CDT Thu Jun 18 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITHIN THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS...ARKLATEX INTO THE
    SOUTHEAST AND COASTAL CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong storms may produce gusty winds and hail across the
    Upper Midwest and parts of the central Plains. Additional strong
    thunderstorms may produce damaging wind gusts from north
    Texas/southern Oklahoma through portions of the Gulf Coast states
    and into the coastal Carolinas.

    ...Synopsis...
    The primary upper-level trough is expected to move off the Northeast
    coast on Friday. Another compact shortwave trough will move into the
    northern Plains/Upper Midwest. A remnant tropical low will move into
    the Carolinas. A stalled cold front will extend from the Carolinas
    into the southern Plains with another weak cold front from the Upper
    Midwest into the central High Plains.

    ...Coastal Carolinas...
    With the remnants of a tropical low beginning to phase with the
    upper trough in the east, a window of severe risk will occur during
    the morning in the coastal regions of the Carolinas. Enhanced
    low-level flow associated with the remnant circulation will promote
    a risk for damaging winds and a brief tornado near the circulation
    itself and along a pseudo warm front.

    ...Upper Mississippi Valley...
    While moisture return is a bit uncertain, generally 50s F dewpoints
    are expected to advect northward into the Upper Mississippi Valley.
    A compact, moderately strong shortwave trough will likely promote
    thunderstorm development during the afternoon along the surface
    trough/weak cold front. The potent mid-level jet will bring 45-55 kt
    of effective shear to the region. 500-1000 J/kg MLCAPE is expected
    despite the limited moisture as temperatures aloft (-18 to -20 C at
    500 mb) will accompany the trough. Isolated to widely scattered
    supercells are possible. Isolated large hail and severe wind gusts
    are possible.

    ...ArkLaTex into Southeast...
    An MCV is anticipated along the Red River during the morning. This
    feature, coupled with heating of a very moist (70+ F dewpoints)
    airmass along and south of a stalled cold front will promote
    scattered thunderstorms during the afternoon. Deep-layer shear will
    be weak, particularly away from the cold front, and storm
    organization will depend on the MCV or mesoscale clustering.
    Damaging downburst winds are the main hazard with this activity.
    Similar activity can be expected along the Atlantic sea breeze front
    from near Jacksonville to the Space Coast.

    ...Northwest Kansas into central Nebraska...
    Modest moisture return on the western flank of the surface high will potentially allow thunderstorms to develop along the surface
    trough/weak cold front. Surface convergence will be weak and
    mid-level ascent will be nebulous at best. Coverage is likely to be
    isolated if storms can form. Moderate mid-level winds will promote
    40-50 kt of effective shear. Storm mode would likely be
    supercellular with a risk of severe wind gusts and large hail.

    ...Northern Sierra/Northwest Nevada...
    A modest upper-level low and mid-level moisture will promote widely
    scattered to scattered thunderstorms within the northern Sierra.
    Some of this activity may become marginally organized given stronger
    mid-level winds. Small hail and strong outflow winds are possible.
    Overall coverage of marginally severe activity still appears too low
    for probabilities.

    ..Wendt.. 06/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 19 05:48:55 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 190548
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 190547

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1247 AM CDT Fri Jun 19 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are likely across portions of the central
    Plains vicinity from Saturday afternoon into Saturday evening. Large
    to very-large hail, severe winds (some 75+ mph), and tornadoes are
    possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level ridge will de-amplify as it emerges from the Rockies to
    the central Plains on Saturday. As this occurs, mid-level flow will
    strengthen across the Rockies with strong lee cyclogenesis across
    eastern Colorado. A frontal zone will extend eastward from the
    surface low somewhere near southern Nebraska with a dryline
    extending southward into the southern Plains.

    ...Central Plains...
    Low-level flow will strengthen across the Plains during the day
    Saturday as the lee cyclone deepens across eastern Colorado. This
    will result in northward moisture transport and destabilization
    across Kansas, northeast Colorado, and southwest Nebraska. By
    mid-afternoon, expect storms to develop within the upslope flow
    regime across eastern Wyoming, southwest South Dakota, and the
    Nebraska Panhandle. Forecast soundings show cool temperatures aloft,
    steep lapse rates, and strong shear which will support supercells
    capable of large to very large hail in this area.

    By later in the afternoon, expect storm development along the
    uncapped dryline across eastern Colorado and western Kansas, and
    along the frontal zone in central/southern Nebraska. Moderate
    mid-level flow across the warm sector within this zone will support
    a supercell storm mode. These initial supercells will pose a threat
    for large to very large hail. In addition, some tornado threat will
    exist with this activity, particularly along the front and as the
    low-level jet strengthens during the evening. Expect these
    supercells to congeal into one or more MCSs during the evening and
    track southeastward into central and eastern Kansas, with an
    increasing wind threat (with some 75+ mph gust potential), and
    perhaps a QLCS/embedded supercell tornado threat.

    ..Bentley.. 06/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 19 17:31:58 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 191731
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 191730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 PM CDT Fri Jun 19 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are likely across portions of the central
    Plains vicinity from Saturday afternoon into Saturday evening. Large
    to very-large hail, severe winds (some 75+ mph), and tornadoes are
    possible.

    ...Central Plains...
    With the approach of the modest shortwave trough, a lee cyclone will
    deepen through the afternoon near the Colorado/Kansas border. Mid
    60s F dewpoints are possible in parts of the central High Plains
    with upper 60s F dewpoints more probable into central/eastern
    Kansas. Convection is expected to develop within the higher terrain
    of southeast Wyoming/southwest South Dakota and within the lee
    trough/cyclone by mid/late afternoon. Earlier thunderstorm
    development does appear possible within weak warm advection near the
    northward lifting surface boundary in central/eastern Nebraska.
    40-50 kt of effective shear and steep mid-level lapse rates will
    promote initial supercells capable of large/very-large hail, severe
    winds, and tornadoes. The degree of tornado risk is somewhat
    uncertain as there could be a relatively quick transition to linear
    modes. Discrete storms that can persist into the evening would
    encounter greater low-level shear as the low-level jet strengthens.
    A strong tornado would be possible especially near the surface
    boundary where surface winds will remain backed. QLCS circulations
    will remain possible within linear modes as well. As linear/bowing
    segments develop during the evening, the risk for severe wind gusts
    (some 75+ mph) will increase. The southern extent and eastern extent
    of the most intense activity is a bit uncertain, but some risk will
    remain even into the overnight on account of the very moist airmass
    and limited MLCIN.

    ...Northern Utah into far southeast Idaho...
    Widely scattered to scattered convection is possible along the
    southern fringe of the upper-level trough. Strong heating and
    limited moisture will promote large temperature-dewpoint spreads at
    the surface. Convection will be capable of severe wind gusts.

    ..Wendt.. 06/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 20 06:00:03 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 200559
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 200558

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1258 AM CDT Sat Jun 20 2026

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE CENTRAL
    HIGH PLAINS TO PARTS OF THE MID-MISSISSIPPI VALLEY....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are possible along a frontal zone from the
    Mid-Mississippi Valley to the central High Plains on Sunday. Large
    hail, severe winds, and tornadoes will be possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    A series of mid-level shortwave troughs will move through the
    central portion of the CONUS along a surface frontal zone. The
    primary surface low is expected to settle somewhere near the Texas
    Panhandle on Sunday with a weaker, perhaps convectively enhanced,
    surface low across the Midwest.

    ...Ozarks into the Lower Ohio River Valley...
    An expansive MCS will likely be present across eastern Kansas and
    into Missouri on Sunday morning. This MCS will continue east through
    the day and eventually into the Ohio Valley by the afternoon. An
    outflow boundary will likely be left in the wake of this MCS across
    Missouri and southern Illinois during the afternoon. The degree of
    airmass recovery within this region remains uncertain. Some guidance
    shows a secondary MCS moving into northeast Oklahoma and northern
    Arkansas, which may have implications on the upstream EML and the
    potential for clearing/recovery in the wake of the morning MCS.
    However, other guidance shows an EML advecting into the region and
    aiding in recovery during the afternoon/evening. A localized
    corridor with greater tornado threat likely exists along this
    boundary from eastern Missouri into southern Illinois and perhaps
    southwest Indiana, but too much uncertainty from prior storms
    precludes any higher tornado probabilities at this time.

    ...Central High Plains Vicinity...
    Storms are forecast to develop within the upslope flow across
    western Kansas by mid-afternoon. Easterly surface flow, combined
    with strengthening flow aloft (in excess of 50 knots above 400mb)
    will support supercell structures and the potential for large to
    very large hail. Storm motions will be relatively slow and thus, the
    storms likely won't make it that far east due to increasing
    inhibition with eastward extent. However, some guidance, most
    notably the 00Z HRW-NSSL WRF show some elevated supercells farther
    north into Nebraska toward the end of the period. If this persists
    in later guidance, an eventual eastward expansion of the Slight Risk
    may be needed.

    ...Southern Kansas and Northern Oklahoma...
    Storms will continue to build westward during the day into eastern
    and perhaps central Kansas, and will congeal and shift southward
    through the evening. Overnight, as the low-level jet strengthens,
    expect storms to develop in an area with moderate to strong
    instability. These storms may pose some initial hail threat before
    growing upscale into an MCS with a wind threat across southern
    Kansas and northern Oklahoma during the overnight hours.

    ..Bentley.. 06/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 20 17:25:09 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 201724
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 201723

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1223 PM CDT Sat Jun 20 2026

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE CENTRAL
    HIGH PLAINS INTO THE OHIO VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are possible along a frontal zone from the Ohio Valley
    to the central High Plains from Sunday afternoon into night. Large
    to very large hail, severe winds, and tornadoes (some of which could
    be strong) will be possible.

    ...Synopsis...

    A series of vorticity maxima, some with convective origins, will
    translate east through the central Plains and OH Valley, along with
    a belt of 40-50+ kt winds at 500 mb. In the lower levels, a
    southwesterly low-level jet (LLJ) initially from the southern Plains
    into the mid MO Valley Sunday morning is forecast to migrate east
    into the mid MS and OH Valleys, immediately ahead of a surface low
    tracking through the lower MO Valley into IL/IN. A cold front will
    trail the surface low, likely extending southwest through the lower
    MO Valley into southern KS or northern OK and the TX Panhandle by
    mid to late afternoon.


    ...Missouri into the OH Valley...

    Latest models remain consistent with previous runs in depicting one
    or multiple MCSs ongoing at 12Z Sunday along the LLJ axis from
    eastern KS into parts of northern and central MO. While the models
    signal a general decrease in storm coverage through the morning, the
    presence of modestly strong vertical shear suggests the potential
    for isolated occurrences of damaging winds and perhaps some hail
    across MO into western IL.

    Renewed storm development is anticipated by afternoon from IL/IN in
    the vicinity of a remnant MCV west/southwest along the trailing
    outflow/warm frontal boundary to the primary surface low over the
    lower MO Valley. Enhanced warm thermal and moisture fluxes occurring
    along the LLJ are expected to support air mass recovery in the wake
    of the early-day storms with moderate to potentially strong
    instability forecast from the lower OH Valley into the Ozarks, south
    of the composite boundary.

    Forecast soundings and plan-view kinematic fields indicate
    relatively strong low-level and deep-layer shear in the vicinity of
    the composite boundary across portions of MO/IL/IN Sunday afternoon
    into evening, where the highest probability of supercells and/or
    bowing structures capable of all hazards (including strong
    tornadoes) is expected to exist. However, as was alluded to in the
    initial Day 2 discussion, and is still the case, there is
    considerable latitudinal variability in the composite boundary
    location. As such, uncertainty remains too high to delineate higher severe-weather probabilities for this region.


    ...Central High Plains...

    A trailing vorticity lobe and western extension of a 40-50 kt
    mid-level jet maximum are expected to support weak cyclogenesis
    along a front or trough pushing into the region from the west. Ahead
    of that boundary, steep low/mid-level lapse rates and modest
    boundary-layer moisture content are expected to yield moderate
    afternoon instability amidst sufficiently strong deep-layer shear to
    support supercell storm modes capable of large to very large hail.
    Most recent model guidance has shifted the corridor of preferred
    storm development and residence slightly east across portions of
    western and central NE into northwest KS, and the severe-weather
    probabilities have been adjusted accordingly. Storms may congeal
    into clusters Sunday evening with the severe-weather threat
    transitioning more to damaging winds.


    ...Southern Kansas and northern Oklahoma into the Ozark Plateau...

    High-resolution model guidance suggests that a sub-synoptic-scale
    surface low/frontal wave may evolve Sunday afternoon along the
    trailing front. Enhanced convergence near and east of that feature
    should be sufficient to overcome the cap and allow for isolated to
    widely scattered storm development. The combination of moderate to
    strong instability and around 40 kt of deep-layer shear will support
    supercells as the initial storm mode with a risk for large to very
    large hail. A largely parallel orientation of the deep shear vector
    to the surface front suggests the potential for merging storms
    within a few hours after initiation, with damaging wind potential
    increasing at that time. Storms are expected to grow upscale into
    one or multiple MCSs with at least an isolated damaging-wind threat
    spreading south through the Ozark Plateau region Sunday night.

    ..Mead.. 06/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 21 06:01:10 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 210601
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 210559

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1259 AM CDT Sun Jun 21 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE CAROLINAS INTO THE MID-ATLANTIC AND FOR THE CENTRAL/NORTHERN
    HIGH PLAINS....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms appear possible across portions of the
    Mid-Atlantic Monday afternoon and evening. More isolated severe
    weather is expected along a frontal zone that will extend from the
    southern Appalachians to the Mid-South and southern Plains.
    Additionally, a widely scattered severe weather threat is expected
    across the central and northern High Plains Monday afternoon and
    evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    Mostly zonal flow is expected across the CONUS on Monday with
    multiple embedded shortwave troughs within the flow pattern from the
    central Plains to the Mid-Atlantic. A weak surface low is expected
    to movefrom the Appalachians to the Mid-Atlantic, associated with
    the strongest of the mid-level jet streaks within the broader flow.
    An additional lee cyclone is expected to develop along the southern
    High Plains during the period with a surface front connecting these
    two features.

    ...Mid-Atlantic...
    Moderate instability is forecast to develop east of the Appalachians
    from the Carolinas into the Mid-Atlantic on Monday beneath up to 50
    knots of mid-level flow. This combination of shear and instability
    will support storm organization, including the potential for some
    supercells. Neutral to potentially weak height rises may limit storm
    coverage across the region, which may preclude a more widespread
    severe wind threat. However, given the steep low-level lapse rates
    where temperatures are forecast to warm into the mid 90s, damaging
    winds will be likely from any storms that develop.

    A narrow zone near the warm front will have a greater tornado threat
    given the enhanced shear from a compact, but strong, low-level jet
    across northern Virginia into the DelMarVa. A 5% tornado contour may
    eventually be needed within this zone, but given the relatively
    narrow zone of threat and some uncertainty where this front will be
    by Monday afternoon/evening, higher probabilities will not be added
    at this time.

    ...Central/Northern High Plains...
    Weak lee cyclogenesis is forecast across eastern Wyoming during the
    day Monday. This will strengthen upslope flow across the
    central/northern Plains. Moderate instability and strengthening west-northwesterly flow aloft of 40 to 45 knots will result in an
    environment that supports widely scattered supercells with the
    potential for large to very large hail and perhaps some isolated
    wind gusts.

    ...Northwest Texas and Vicinity...
    A more conditional severe weather threat will exist across northwest
    Texas and vicinity where there is potential for an outflow boundary
    from the morning MCS across Oklahoma to intersect the dryline.
    Height rises aloft and strong inhibition should mostly suppress
    convection. However, mesoscale convergence at the intersection of
    these boundaries could result in one or two supercells capable of
    all severe hazards. However, given the conditionality of this
    mesoscale threat, higher probabilities have not been added at this
    time.

    ...Mid-Mississippi Valley...
    Moderate to strong destabilization is forecast ahead of and south of
    a morning MCS that should be in the Oklahoma/Arkansas region on
    Monday morning. Reinvigoration of the ongoing MCS or additional
    development may result in some isolated damaging wind threat.
    However, overall very weak mid-level lapse rates and weaker shear
    where the greatest instability is forecast, should keep the threat
    mostly marginal/isolated.

    ..Bentley.. 06/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 21 17:23:45 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 211723
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 211721

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1221 PM CDT Sun Jun 21 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE MID-ATLANTIC INTO SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS...AND OVER PARTS OF THE
    NORTHERN AND CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms appear possible across portions of the
    Mid-Atlantic into the Southern Appalachians Monday afternoon and
    evening. Widely scattered severe storms are expected across the
    northern and central High Plains, with more isolated severe weather
    possible from the southern Plains into the lower Mississippi Valley.

    ...Synopsis...

    A series of perturbations, embedded within broadly cyclonic
    mid-level flow, will progress eastward to the Atlantic Coast, to the
    south of an upper low tracking from eastern Ontario into southern
    Quebec. Farther west, separate vorticity maxima will overspread the
    northern and central High Plains, in tandem with a belt of
    strengthening mid-level winds.

    In the lower levels, a 40-50 kt low-level jet (LLJ) is forecast to
    migrate from the Allegheny Plateau into the lower Hudson and DE
    River Valleys Monday afternoon, ahead of a surface low developing
    toward those same areas. Meanwhile, a trailing cold front will
    advance south through the central Appalachians, TN Valley, and Ozark
    Plateau, with the western extension of the boundary linking with a
    secondary low over western TX. Elsewhere, a lee cyclone is expected
    to deepen over eastern WY, along a weak front settling southeast
    through the northern High Plains.


    ...Mid-Atlantic into the southern Appalachians...

    12Z CAM guidance is in relatively good agreement in depicting the
    remnants of an overnight (Sunday night/early Monday morning) MCS
    overspreading NY and PA, within a zone of warm air and moisture
    advection occurring with the terminus of the LLJ. To the
    south/southeast of that convection across the lower Hudson and DE
    River Valleys, modest air mass destabilization is expected, with
    comparably stronger instability with southward extent into the
    central/southern Appalachians and Piedmont. Deep-layer shear is
    forecast to strengthen through the day as a belt of 40-50 kt winds
    at 500 mb overspreads the region from the west.

    Thunderstorms are expected to increase in areal coverage and
    intensity during the afternoon from the vicinity of the outflow or
    differential heating boundary in eastern PA south/southwest into the
    southern Appalachians and Piedmont. Damaging winds will be the
    primary hazard owing to steepening low-level lapse rates and high
    moisture content, which will enhance wet-microburst processes. A
    relatively narrow corridor of potentially greater tornado potential
    may materialize from the DelMarVa into the DE River Valley, where
    stronger low-level shear is forecast. However, given uncertainties
    in the degree of air mass destabilization in the northern extent of
    that area, the 2% unconditional tornado probability will be
    maintained. A separate area of tornado potential may materialize
    Monday afternoon across parts of the southern Appalachians within
    the southwest extension of the LLJ, where a number of the 12Z CAMs
    indicate updraft-helicity swaths embedded within a linear complex of
    storms.


    ...Northern and central High Plains...

    The deepening lee cyclone will enhance the flux of an increasingly
    moist low-level air mass into the high terrain, beneath a plume of
    steep mid-level lapse rates, supporting moderate afternoon
    instability. Greatest storm coverage is expected across portions of
    eastern MT and western ND Monday afternoon within the northern
    extent of the instability axis, where the strongest forcing for
    ascent is expected. Weaker forcing with southward extent is expected
    to lead to more widely spaced storms in eastern WY and CO. Here,
    comparatively stronger instability and vertical shear will support
    supercells capable of large to very large hail and perhaps a brief
    tornado or two during the afternoon and evening hours.


    ...Southern Plains...

    Areas of storms ongoing Monday morning across parts of the Red River
    Valley into the ArkLaTex region are expected to gradually weaken by
    midday, owing to rising mid-level heights across the region. In the
    wake of that activity, moderate to strong instability is forecast by
    afternoon in the vicinity of the stalled synoptic front and any
    remnant outflow boundaries. However, considerable uncertainty
    remains in surface-based storm development given the absence of
    appreciable forcing for ascent. As such, the low unconditional
    probabilities will be maintained with this forecast update. On the
    condition surface-based storms develop and are sustained, the
    parameter space would support intense supercells capable of large to
    very large hail and some tornado threat.

    ..Mead.. 06/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 22 05:59:49 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 220559
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 220558

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1258 AM CDT Mon Jun 22 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    EASTERN COLORADO INTO WESTERN KANSAS AND NORTHERN OKLAHOMA....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms are expected across the central High Plains
    on Tuesday with isolated severe storms possible into the Upper
    Mississippi Valley. Large to very large hail and damaging wind gusts
    will be the primary threats.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper low initially over southern Canada will shift into the
    northern Plains with a belt of 40-50+ kt mid-level flow forecast
    across the northern and central Plains into the upper Midwest. In
    the low levels, an area of low pressure is forecast to develop from
    the northern Plains into upper MS Valley with a trailing boundary
    extending southwest into the central High Plains. Elsewhere, a cold
    front will move off the Mid-Atlantic Coast with the trailing
    extension of the boundary moving into the Southeast.

    ...Central High Plains into the Central/Southern Plains...
    As mid-level flow strengthens across the Rockies, a lee cyclone will
    develop across eastern Colorado and result in strengthening upslope
    flow. Moderate to strong instability is expected within this zone.
    This instability, combined with nearly 50 knots of mid-level flow,
    will result in a supercell environment. Large to very large hail
    will be the primary threat from this activity. Eventual upscale
    growth into a cluster is expected, and a potential bowing MCS across
    western Kansas and potentially northern Oklahoma should result in an
    increasing severe wind threat during the evening and into the early
    overnight hours.

    ...Portions of the northern Plains into the Upper Midwest...
    Some elevated storms may be ongoing at the beginning of the period
    from northern Nebraska into southeast South Dakota on the nose of a
    modest low-level jet. These storms could pose some large hail
    threat. Additional storms may develop along the front during the
    afternoon. Strong mid-level flow will result in adequate shear for
    storm organization, but instability may be the primary limiting
    factor. Extensive cloud cover may limit heating, but at least some
    pockets of greater destabilization are possible. Within these areas,
    a threat for isolated large hail may exist.

    ...Southeast...
    A few strong storms capable of gusty winds appear possible Tuesday
    afternoon along and ahead of the synoptic front from the Gulf Coast
    to the eastern Carolinas. Poor lapse rates will be the primary
    limiting factor for damaging wind gusts. However, as the event gets
    closer and details regarding instability and frontal position become
    more clear, wind probabilities may be warranted.

    ..Bentley.. 06/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 22 17:24:52 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 221724
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 221722

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1222 PM CDT Mon Jun 22 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE CENTRAL
    HIGH PLAINS INTO PARTS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms capable of hail in excess of two inches and
    wind gusts greater than 75 mph are expected from the central High
    Plains into parts of the central and southern Plains Tuesday and
    Tuesday night. Isolated severe storms capable of mainly hail are
    possible across the northern Plains into the upper Mississippi
    Valley. Isolated severe storms capable of damaging winds also appear
    possible from the Delmarva into eastern North Carolina.

    ...Synopsis...

    Within the base of an upper low centered over Saskatchewan and
    Manitoba, a vorticity lobe will progress through the northern Plains
    into the upper MS Valley. That disturbance will be attended by a
    belt of 40-50 kt flow in the mid levels, which will overspread the
    northern and central Plains. Elsewhere, an apparent MCV initially
    over western parts of VA and NC at 12Z Tuesday will progress through
    the Piedmont and Coastal Plain over the course of the day.

    At the surface, an area of low pressure is expected to slowly move
    east along the southern Manitoba, northeast ND, northwest MN border
    region with an associated cold front trailing southwest into the
    central High Plains. Along the East Coast, an area of low pressure
    is forecast to track through VA into the Tidewater region with a
    trailing cold front moving through the Southeast.


    ...Central High Plains into the Central and Southern Plains...

    The 12Z parameterized and convection-allowing models offer various
    scenarios in regard to the location of ongoing storms Tuesday
    morning, which in turn affects the evolution of diurnally enhanced
    storm development by afternoon, and the subsequent track of a severe
    MCS Tuesday night. Despite these differences, an EML will remain
    intact across the High Plains, which coupled with a moist, upslope
    regime in the low levels, will support a moderately unstable air
    mass by afternoon. Isolated to widely scattered storms appear
    possible from the vicinity of the Cheyenne Ridge south along the CO
    Front Range with 40-50+ kt of effective bulk shear favoring
    supercells capable of large to very large hail. Additional severe
    storms appear possible during the afternoon across lower elevations
    of the central and southern Plains, the details of which remain
    highly uncertain.

    As mentioned above, the models are in generally good agreement in
    depicting the upscale growth of the afternoon storms into a southeastward-moving MCS capable of damaging wind swaths and
    significant gusts in excess of 75 mph. However, uncertainty in the
    specific track of the MCS precludes the introduction of higher wind probabilities and a categorical upgrade to a level 3/Enhanced Risk.


    ...Northern Plains into the Upper Midwest...

    Multiple clusters of mainly elevated thunderstorms are expected to
    be ongoing Tuesday morning from the eastern Dakotas into northern
    NE, within a zone of forcing for ascent preceding the disturbance
    mentioned in the synopsis. Modest instability coupled with 40-50 kt
    of effective bulk shear may support some transient supercell
    structures capable of large hail.

    Additional surface-based storms appear possible by afternoon in the
    vicinity of the surface front over the Red River Valley. Some
    uncertainty still exists in the degree of air mass destabilization
    owing to the potential for lingering clouds in the wake of the
    early-day storms. Where greater destabilization can occur, the
    environment will support mainly a large hail threat. Should stronger
    heating and resultant steep, low-level lapse rates develop in the
    vicinity of the front, a brief tornado or two will be possible owing
    to a local maximum in vertical vorticity. Confidence in that
    scenario is currently too low to include a 2% probability in this
    forecast.


    ...Delmarva into eastern North Carolina...

    A narrow corridor of severe-weather potential may materialize
    Tuesday afternoon ahead of the surface low and surface front moving
    through the area. A slight enhancement of mid-level flow (and
    resultant vertical shear) will coincide with a moist and moderately
    unstable air mass to support some organization with the primary
    hazard being locally damaging wind gusts. Some tornado threat may
    materialize ahead of the surface low, where backed near-surface
    winds enhance low-level shear. A 2% tornado probability may need to
    be included in subsequent Day 1 outlooks should the current model
    signal persist.

    ..Mead.. 06/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 23 06:10:56 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 230610
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 230609

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0109 AM CDT Tue Jun 23 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL/SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered severe storms are possible across the central High
    Plains on Wednesday with a threat for large to very large hail and
    severe wind gusts. More isolated severe storms are possible across
    portions of the Upper Midwest, Ozarks to Mississippi, and across
    northern Utah.

    ...Synopsis...
    Moderate northwesterly mid-level flow will be present from the
    northern Rockies to the Midwest between a ridge across the Southwest
    and a trough moving across southern Canada into the Upper Midwest. A
    weak mid-level shortwave trough will likely be in the Arkansas
    region at the beginning of the period and weaken with a secondary
    mid-level shortwave trough moving across the central Rockies and
    deamplifying the ridge. At the surface, a weak surface low will move
    from northern Minnesota into Wisconsin. A secondary lee cyclone will
    develop across eastern Colorado in response to the approaching
    mid-level shortwave trough and strengthening mid-level flow.

    ...Central/southern High Plains...
    Moderate to strong instability is forecast to develop within upslope
    flow across eastern Colorado and southeast Wyoming on Wednesday
    afternoon. As 40 to 50 knots of mid-level flow advects over the
    region, a favorable supercell environment will be in place.
    Supercells are likely to develop by mid afternoon with an initial
    threat of large to very large hail and severe winds. The more
    organized supercell threat is forecast from east-central Colorado
    northward where the 15% hail probabilities are confined. 15% wind
    probabilities continue farther south as forecast soundings suggest
    severe winds (perhaps 75+ mph) are likely, even if storms are less
    organized.

    ...KS/OK into the Ozarks...
    Day 1 convection will have a considerable impact on the coverage and
    severity of severe storms on Wednesday. Some guidance shows morning
    storms along a frontal zone in Oklahoma and persisting into the
    afternoon which will stabilize most of the region into the afternoon
    and evening. However, if these storms do not form, a very favorable
    airmass will remain in place and a MCS could develop across the High
    Plains and move into this region Tuesday night. This could bring
    some severe weather threat and it would have implications for where destabilization would be on Day 2/Wednesday. Therefore, a broad 5%
    driven by severe winds seems appropriate at this time and additional
    refinement can be made once the impact of prior day convection
    becomes more clear.

    ...Western Great Lakes...
    Lingering clouds associated with early-day storms may limit air mass destabilization into afternoon. However, where cloud breaks can
    occur, the combination of cooling temperatures aloft and modest
    boundary-layer moisture content will support moderate afternoon
    instability. Widely scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop
    during the afternoon in the vicinity of the surface low and frontal
    boundary, and within the belt of stronger mid-level flow, suggesting
    some potential for large hail with the strongest updrafts.

    ...Eastern Arkansas into Mississippi...
    There is considerable uncertainty regarding the coverage of storms
    across Arkansas at 12Z Wednesday, but given forcing from a mid-level
    trough and moderate to strong instability across the region, either re-intensification of morning convection or additional afternoon
    convection is possible within this zone. Damaging winds will be the
    primary threat.

    ...Northern Utah...
    A weak mid-level shortwave trough will move across northern Utah
    during the day on Monday with weak to moderate instability. Forecast
    soundings show a deeply-mixed sub-cloud layer which may result in
    severe winds. Some consideration was given to a CIG1 area given the
    potential for organized storms in the steep lapse rate environment,
    but did not have the confidence for 75+ mph wind gusts to add it at
    this time.

    ..Bentley.. 06/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 23 17:38:01 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 231737
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 231736

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1236 PM CDT Tue Jun 23 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL/SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered severe storms are possible across the central High
    Plains on Wednesday with a threat for large to very large hail and
    severe wind gusts. More isolated severe storms are possible across
    portions of the Upper Midwest, Ozarks to Mississippi, and across
    northern Utah.

    ...Synopsis...
    Strengthening westerly flow aloft in association with a mid-level
    wave moving out of Saskatchewan/Manitoba will overspread the central
    Rockies on D2/Wednesday. A surface low will be located across
    northern Wisconsin drifting eastward with a cold front extending
    southward into the central high Plains. Lee cyclogenesis is progged
    late in the period across eastern Colorado/western Kansas in
    response to the increased westerly flow across the central Rockies.


    Widely scattered severe storms are expected to form across the high
    terrain in the central/southern High Plains before moving into the central/southern Plains by the evening. More isolated severe storms
    are possible near the surface low in Wisconsin, across portion of
    the Ozarks to Mississippi, and northern Utah.

    ...Central/Southern High Plains into the Ozarks...
    Moderate instability will overlap strong deep layer shear within the
    upslope flow across eastern Colorado into southeastern Wyoming
    Wednesday afternoon. This will support initial supercell modes with
    development into the afternoon. Easterly surface flow becoming
    westerly aloft will support veering wind profiles and low-level
    curvature of hodographs. Large to very large hail and perhaps a
    tornado will be possible before storms begin to cluster. Damaging
    wind potential will then increase as storms consolidate along
    outflow and spread eastwards. The Slight was shifted further
    eastward into the Nebraska Panhandle to account for this downstream
    potential.

    ...Eastern Arkansas into Mississippi...
    Confidence in the evolution of overnight convection across portions
    of Oklahoma Tuesday night is decreasing. It remains possible that an
    MCS will be ongoing towards the beginning of the D2/Wednesday period
    shifting eastward into portions of Arkansas by day break. It is
    possible that should this occur, some re intensification could be
    ongoing across portions of eastern Arkansas into Mississippi. For
    now, a Marginal Risk was maintained across this area for potential
    for damaging winds pending further details on the evolution of
    convection overnight.

    ...Upper Great Lakes...
    Filtered daytime heating through breaks in the clouds should allow
    for moderate instability to develop near the surface low across
    portions of the western Great Lakes. Widely scattered thunderstorms
    are expected to develop during the afternoon in the vicinity of the
    surface low and frontal boundary, and within the belt of stronger
    mid-level flow, suggesting some potential for large hail with the
    strongest updrafts.

    ...Northern Utah...
    A weak mid-level shortwave trough will move across northern Utah
    during the day on Tuesday, with weak to moderate instability progged
    by the afternoon. Forecast soundings show a deeply-mixed sub-cloud
    layer which will support potential thunderstorms capable of damaging
    winds.

    ..Thornton.. 06/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 23 17:43:32 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 231743
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 231742

    Day 2 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1242 PM CDT Tue Jun 23 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL/SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    CORRECTED FOR TEXT

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered severe storms are possible across the central High
    Plains on Wednesday with a threat for large to very large hail and
    severe wind gusts. More isolated severe storms are possible across
    portions of the Upper Midwest, Ozarks to Mississippi, and across
    northern Utah.

    ...Synopsis...
    Strengthening westerly flow aloft in association with a mid-level
    wave moving out of Saskatchewan/Manitoba will overspread the central
    Rockies on D2/Wednesday. A surface low will be located across
    northern Wisconsin drifting eastward with a cold front extending
    southward into the central high Plains. Lee cyclogenesis is progged
    late in the period across eastern Colorado/western Kansas in
    response to the increased westerly flow across the central Rockies.


    Widely scattered severe storms are expected to form across the high
    terrain in the central/southern High Plains before moving into the central/southern Plains by the evening. More isolated severe storms
    are possible near the surface low in Wisconsin, across portion of
    the Ozarks to Mississippi, and northern Utah.

    ...Central/Southern High Plains into the Ozarks...
    Moderate instability will overlap strong deep layer shear within the
    upslope flow across eastern Colorado into southeastern Wyoming
    Wednesday afternoon. This will support initial supercell modes with
    development into the afternoon. Easterly surface flow becoming
    westerly aloft will support veering wind profiles and low-level
    curvature of hodographs. Large to very large hail and perhaps a
    tornado will be possible before storms begin to cluster. Damaging
    wind potential will then increase as storms consolidate along
    outflow and spread eastwards. The Slight was shifted further
    eastward into the Nebraska Panhandle to account for this downstream
    potential.

    ...Eastern Arkansas into Mississippi...
    Confidence in the evolution of overnight convection across portions
    of Oklahoma Tuesday night is decreasing. It remains possible that an
    MCS will be ongoing towards the beginning of the D2/Wednesday period
    shifting eastward into portions of Arkansas by day break. It is
    possible that should this occur, some re intensification could be
    ongoing across portions of eastern Arkansas into Mississippi. For
    now, a Marginal Risk was maintained across this area for potential
    for damaging winds pending further details on the evolution of
    convection overnight.

    ...Upper Great Lakes...
    Filtered daytime heating through breaks in the clouds should allow
    for moderate instability to develop near the surface low across
    portions of the western Great Lakes. Widely scattered thunderstorms
    are expected to develop during the afternoon in the vicinity of the
    surface low and frontal boundary, and within the belt of stronger
    mid-level flow, suggesting some potential for large hail with the
    strongest updrafts.

    ...Northern Utah...
    A weak mid-level shortwave trough will move across northern Utah
    during the day on Wednesday, with weak to moderate instability
    progged by the afternoon. Forecast soundings show a deeply-mixed
    sub-cloud layer which will support potential thunderstorms capable
    of damaging winds.

    ..Thornton.. 06/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 24 06:00:36 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 240600
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 240558

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1258 AM CDT Wed Jun 24 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL/SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS INTO SOUTHERN KANSAS AND NORTHERN
    OKLAHOMA AND INTO THE OZARKS....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe storms are possible across portions of
    the High Plains with a threat for large hail and severe wind. Storms
    are also expected across southern Kansas and northern Oklahoma into
    the Ozarks where large hail, severe winds, and a few tornadoes are
    all possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    A low-amplitude shortwave trough will move through the Great Lakes
    during the day on Thursday. A weak surface low will move across
    Ontario with a trailing cold front into the Ohio Valley. Farther
    west, several mid-level shortwave troughs will be embedded within
    the broader zonal flow across the Plains. The most prominant feature
    will be a mid-level shortwave trough that is forecast to move from
    eastern Colorado Thursday morning to the Ozarks by the evening. A
    lee surface cyclone is forecast in the Texas Panhandle vicinity.

    ...High Plains...
    Widespread convection/cloud cover is likely from northern Colorado
    into eastern Wyoming on Thursday morning. This will limit
    surface-based instability across the region for much of the day.
    Eventual destabilization is expected by late afternoon/early evening
    as the cloud cover clears. As a mid-level shortwave trough moves
    through Wyoming, expect storms to develop during the evening with
    some severe wind potential. The lack of strong heating has lessened
    hail and significant wind potential across this region. Therefore,
    the CIG1 area has been removed.

    Farther south, stronger heating/destabilization is expected which,
    combined with moderate mid-level flow, may support some supercell
    threat with weak upslope flow across southeast Kansas, and
    continuing east along the frontal boundary into the OK/TX
    Panhandles.

    ...Northern Oklahoma/southern Kansas into the Ozarks...
    A morning MCS is expected to move along/north of a frontal zone
    across Kansas during the morning on Thursday. In the wake of this
    morning MCS, strong destabilization is forecast with moderate
    mid-level flow aloft. Therefore, supercells are expected to develop
    on the remnant outflow/frontal zone Thursday afternoon and evening
    from southern Kansas and northern Oklahoma potentially into the
    Ozarks. Given storm motion that should be parallel to the boundary,
    the enhanced vorticity along this zone could result in a locally
    greater tornado threat. In addition, most guidance shows a
    strengthening low-level jet across Oklahoma and into southern
    Kansas. This may support a strong tornado threat, particularly
    during the evening.

    ...Eastern Ohio to southern New York...
    Weak to moderate instability is expected to develop across eastern
    Ohio and western Pennsylvania Thursday morning with dewpoints in the
    mid 60s. Moderate to strong forcing on the leading edge of a compact
    mid-level jet streak should result in storm development along the
    front by mid-afternoon. Strong shear should assist in storm
    organization, but weak lapse rates may limit overall updraft
    strength. Due to the weak to moderate instability and strong shear,
    5% wind probabilities are warranted.

    ..Bentley.. 06/24/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 24 17:37:09 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 241737
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 241735

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1235 PM CDT Wed Jun 24 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL/SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS INTO SOUTHERN KANSAS AND NORTHERN
    OKLAHOMA AND INTO THE OZARKS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe storms are possible across portions of
    the High Plains with a threat for large hail and severe wind. Storms
    are also expected across southern Kansas and northern Oklahoma into
    the Ozarks where large hail, severe winds, and a few tornadoes are
    all possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    Zonal flow will bring broad westerly flow aloft across much of the
    central Rockies into the central/southern Plains D2/Thursday. Within
    the broad upper-level flow, several perturbations will rotate across
    the central/southern Plains. Further east, a more potent shortwave
    trough with a band of enhanced westerly flow will move across the
    Ohio Valley. At the surface, a cold front will extend from Wisconsin
    south and west into the central Plains shifting south and eastward
    into the Ohio Valley through the afternoon. A surface low will
    deepen across the Texas/Oklahoma Panhandles through the evening.

    ...High Plains...
    A shortwave trough moving out of Montana will bring forcing for
    ascent and thunderstorm development by the afternoon across portions
    of the High Plains. Guidance suggests that ahead of this feature,
    widespread cloud cover will be in place across much of the
    central/northern Rockies Thursday morning/early afternoon. This may
    inhibit destabilization, especially with northern extent into
    portions of eastern Montana/northern Colorado. Nonetheless, it
    appears at least marginal instability will be achieved by late
    afternoon through filtered daytime heating along and east of the
    Rockies. This in combination with deep layer shear around 30-40 kts
    will support organized clusters capable of damaging wind. Somewhat
    better heating is expected across southeastern Colorado, where less
    cloud cover is expected. Across this region, supercells will be
    possible with potential for large hail and damaging wind.

    ...Northern Oklahoma/southern Kansas into the Ozarks...
    A quick moving shortwave trough will likely support potential for an MCS/cluster of thunderstorms to be ongoing Thursday morning into
    portions of northern Oklahoma/southern Kansas. The exact location of
    this and resulting remnant outflow boundary placement will have a
    large impact on afternoon severe potential. Model trends in the 12z
    guidance have been to push this boundary further south into portions
    of northern Oklahoma, with the best instability also being shunted
    further south. Afternoon thunderstorm development should be centered
    along the intersection of the remnant outflow/cold front from
    southern Kansas into northern Oklahoma. Moderate instability and
    deep layer shear around 30-45 kts will support supercells, with
    storm motions likely to be along-boundary. There remains strong
    signal that a 40-50 kt southwesterly low-level jet will increase
    into the evening across Oklahoma into southern Kansas. This in
    combination with favorable along boundary storm motions will support
    potential for tornadoes, a few of which could be strong. The main
    uncertainty remains in the exact placement of the boundary relative
    to the more favorable corridor of instability/low-level jet axis.
    The 5% tornado area was shifted southward with this update to
    account for recent trends. It is possible that if more confidence in
    the placement of these features occurs, higher probabilities may be
    needed. For now, confidence remains moderate in supercells
    developing with potential for large to very large hail and damaging
    wind.

    ...Portions of the Ohio Valley into southern New York...
    Development is expected along the cold front from southern New York
    into the Ohio Valley Thursday afternoon as a jet streak moves across
    the region with increasing forcing for ascent. Moderate instability
    and strong deep layer shear ahead of this will support organized
    storms and perhaps a few transient supercells with potential for
    damaging wind and large hail. The Marginal Risk was expanded along
    the front into portions of Indiana/southern Ohio/northern Kentucky
    to account for this potential extending along the entirety of the
    cold front.

    ...Northern Utah...
    Widely scattered thunderstorm activity is expected across portions
    of Utah Thursday afternoon. Steep low to mid-level lapse rates are
    expected with very dry near-surface conditions. Modest instability
    will overlap with strong deep layer shear across northern Utah by
    the afternoon. Forecast soundings indicate large inverted-v profiles
    and potential for severe winds. A Marginal Risk was added to the
    area to account for this potential.

    ..Thornton.. 06/24/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 25 05:36:45 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 250536
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 250535

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1235 AM CDT Thu Jun 25 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE HIGH
    PLAINS AND EASTWARD ACROSS SOUTHERN KANSAS AND NORTHERN OKLAHOMA TO
    THE OHIO VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms capable of large hail and severe wind gusts
    will be possible across the High Plains, southern Kansas and
    northern Oklahoma, and into the Ohio Valley on Friday. Additional
    severe storms capable of damaging wind and isolated large hail will
    also be possible across portions of the Northeast.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will amplify across the Northwest CONUS on Friday
    as ridging builds across the Plains. A broad surface low will exist
    from northwest Texas into Missouri along a frontal zone. A lee
    cyclone will develop across the northern High Plains as the primary
    trough starts to eject over the northern Rockies. This will result
    in strengthening southerly flow across the Plains and
    destabilization from eastern Colorado into eastern Wyoming and
    perhaps far southeast Montana.

    ...High Plains...
    Weak to moderate destabilization is forecast across the High Plains
    as dewpoints increase into the 60s during the afternoon. Slight
    height rises may limit storm coverage somewhat, but as storms form
    across the terrain Friday afternoon/evening, the environment
    downstream should support these storms continuing. Some storm
    organization and transient rotating updrafts are possible from
    northeast Colorado into eastern Wyoming, but only modest effective
    shear (around 25 knots) should limit overall storm intensity
    somewhat. Nonetheless, some large hail and severe wind threat is
    possible.

    ...Central/southern Plains to the Ohio Valley...
    Storms will likely be ongoing at the beginning of the period across
    Missouri and into southern Illinois and Indiana. These storms should
    weaken as the move east of the greatest instability by late morning.
    In the wake of this activity, moderate to strong destabilization is
    expected. This should prove sufficient for isolated to scattered
    storm development along the remnant frontal zone/outflow boundary
    during the afternoon/evening. Most guidance shows 35 to 40 knot
    mid-level flow remaining across the region which should be
    sufficient for supercell organization. In addition, a vorticity rich environment will likely be present in the wake of morning storms. If
    sufficient destabilization can occur within this airmass, some
    tornado threat may exist.

    Most notably, the NAM shows a more volatile scenario with a stronger
    mid-level shortwave trough and a more defined surface low moving
    along the boundary. This scenario appears to be a clear outlier
    among 00Z guidance. However, it does represent the ceiling of this
    potential scenario. While a marginal hail/wind/isolated tornado
    threat seems like the most likely scenario, guidance will be
    monitored closely for any hint of this more intense NAM solution.

    ...Northeast...
    A line of storms will move through the Northeast Friday morning. In
    the wake of these storms, some destabilization is expected ahead of
    a cold front moving through the area. There is some uncertainty
    about the degree of destabilization, but at least weak instability
    is shown by most guidance. A strong mid-level jet streak across the
    region (50+ knots) will provide long/straight hodographs. This will
    support the potential for isolated large hail and damaging wind
    gusts with the strongest storms.

    ..Bentley.. 06/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 25 17:30:46 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 251730
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 251729

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1229 PM CDT Thu Jun 25 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF FAR
    EASTERN MISSOURI...SOUTHERN ILLINOIS INTO SOUTHERN INDIANA...AND
    NORTHWESTERN KENTUCKY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms will be possible across the High Plains,
    southern Kansas and northern Oklahoma, and into the Ohio Valley on
    Friday. Additional severe storms capable of damaging wind and
    isolated large hail will also be possible across portions of the
    Northeast.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough across the northern Pacific will deepen and begin
    to shift inland across the western US on Friday. Height rises will
    begin as ridging builds in across the central/northern Plains.
    Between these features, strong southwesterly flow aloft will
    overspread the northern Rockies, with resulting lee cyclogenesis
    occurring across Montana/northern Wyoming. Further east, a shortwave
    trough will move across the Middle Mississippi Valley/Ohio Valley,
    with a surface low possibly deepening and moving northeast from
    Texas into the Middle Mississippi/Ohio Valley. Across the
    northeastern US, a belt of strengthening mid-level flow will shift
    through the broader mid-level trough as a surface low shifts into
    Quebec. A broad cold front will extend from the northeastern surface
    low back into the Mississippi Valley and Central/Southern Plains.

    ...High Plains...
    Increasing mid-level ascent and surface low development will support
    scattered thunderstorm development across the high terrain from
    eastern Montana south into Wyoming and Colorado. Height rises across
    the central/northern Plains may inhibit coverage a bit with eastward
    extent. Weak to moderate instability is progged by the afternoon
    along with steep low to mid-level lapse rates. Deep layer shear will
    be strongest across eastern Montana, weakening into
    Wyoming/Colorado. Given modest shear, potential for a mixed mode of
    supercells and multi-cell clusters capable of damaging winds and
    large hail.

    ...Central/southern Plains to the Ohio Valley...
    A broad area of showers/thunderstorm activity is likely to be
    ongoing near the start of the period from the Mid Mississippi Valley
    into the Great Lakes region. The focus for afternoon redevelopment
    across portions of eastern Missouri into southern Illinois/Indiana
    will likely be where the residual outflow/differential heating
    boundary intersects the surface cold front by the afternoon.
    Guidance suggests that though cloud cover may linger, air mass
    recovery through filtered heating will lead to moderate instability
    by the afternoon. Recent trends in 06z ECMWF guidance has come into
    somewhat better agreement with the NAM, which was an outlier in the
    00z guidance, suggesting that a surface low may deepen across
    southern Illinois/Indiana by the afternoon. This would result in
    much stronger low-level jet response across the region and potential
    for an increase in tornado potential. Some limiting factors may be
    the relatively weak mid-level flow and storm mode. Nonetheless,
    tornado probabilities were increased to 5% to account for some
    potential for a tornado or two. The main threats will likely be
    damaging wind and hail with supercells and multi-cell clusters
    developing near and ahead of the front by the afternoon.

    Additional thunderstorm development is likely along the front south
    and westward into portions of the Southern Plains. Forcing for
    ascent will be weaker to the west, but sufficient deep layer shear
    for a few organized storms will be in place near the frontal zone
    amid moderate to strong instability. These storms will pose
    potential for damaging wind and hail also.

    ...Northeast...
    A belt of strong mid-level westerly flow will overspread the
    Northeast in the wake of morning convection. While it remains
    uncertain how much destabilization can occur behind the morning
    activity, it does appear that additional thunderstorms are likely
    to develop by the afternoon. Given strong deep layer shear profiles
    amid strengthening upper-level flow, these storms will pose some
    potential for damaging wind and few instances of large hail.

    ..Thornton.. 06/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 26 06:02:52 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 260602
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 260600

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0100 AM CDT Fri Jun 26 2026

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN
    MONTANA INTO NORTHWEST SOUTH DAKOTA AND CENTRAL NORTH
    DAKOTA...SOUTHEAST VIRGINIA INTO NORTHEAST NORTH CAROLINA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are likely across portions of eastern Montana and
    western/central North Dakota on Saturday. Severe storms will also be
    possible from the Mid-Mississippi Valley to Virginia and the
    Carolinas.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad upper trough will persist in the West. Ridging will build
    within the southern/central Plains and Midwest. Multiple MCVs will
    impact portions of the Ozarks/Tennessee Valley into the
    Mid-Atlantic/Piedmont. A shortwave trough will pivot through parts
    of the northern Plains. A surface low near the Black Hills will
    deepen and move eastward into Sunday morning.

    ...Northern Plains...
    Within a broader upper trough across the West, a shortwave trough
    will pivot northeast through the northern Plains. Surface low
    development in eastern Wyoming/the Black Hills vicinity will draw
    moisture northward. Effective shear of 40-50 kt will promote initial
    supercells capable of large/very-large hail, severe wind gusts and
    perhaps a tornado or two. Given the linear forcing within the
    surface trough as well as somewhat marginal deep-layer shear suggest
    some potential for upscale growth by early evening. As this occurs a
    transition to primarily a risk of severe wind gusts (perhaps 75+
    mph) will occur. There may be a small corridor of greater severe
    gust coverage/intensity, but weaker and potential warm advection
    storms to the east decreases confidence in the spatial extent of a
    greater wind risk. Even so, some potential for severe gusts and
    isolated large hail will continue eastward during the evening along
    the nose of a low-level jet in the Dakotas. Farther south into
    Nebraska, convective development is more conditional/uncertain. The
    environment would support all severe hazards, however.

    ...Ozarks into Tennessee Valley...
    Convection along a surface boundary driven by warm advection appears
    probable during the morning hours. This activity is expected to
    weaken within the Ozarks and may shift into the Tennessee Valley as
    the MCV moves eastward. Damaging winds and marginally severe hail
    may occur in Tennessee/Kentucky. Farther west, some airmass recovery
    is possible within southern Missouri. A weak MCV emanating from the
    southern High Plains may spur convective development during the
    afternoon despite modestly rising mid-level heights. A conditionally
    favorable environment for a supercell or two will exist. All severe
    hazards would be possible if storms can form.

    ...Ohio Valley into Mid-Atlantic/Piedmont...
    Convection may be ongoing in portions of the mid/upper Ohio Valley
    during the morning. Some potential for isolated damaging winds may
    accompany this activity. Relatively high uncertainty exists as to
    how this early-day activity will evolve as it moves eastward during
    the day. A weak cold front is forecast to be positioned across parts
    of the Mid-Atlantic. South of this boundary, rich surface moisture
    will be in place. However, cloud cover may limit destabilization and
    weak to modest mid-level lapse rates and weak deep-layer flow will
    further limit storm organization potential. Depending on the
    timing/location of the Ohio Valley convection/MCV, a narrow zone of
    marginally greater shear may promote a more organized threat for
    wind damage in southeast Virginia into northeast North Carolina.
    Another weakening MCV moving through the Tennessee Valley will
    impact the region by late afternoon/early evening, but buoyancy by
    that point in the day is more questionable.

    ...Mid-Missouri into Mid-Mississippi Valley...
    With an increase in the low-level jet during the evening, convection
    may develop along a boundary draped across the region. Effective
    shear and steep mid-level lapse rates would promote some risk for
    large hail and isolated damaging winds during the evening into the
    overnight. That said, rising mid-level heights may be enough to
    inhibit convection from forming altogether.

    ..Wendt.. 06/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 26 17:44:25 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 261744
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 261742

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1242 PM CDT Fri Jun 26 2026

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTHEAST
    VA AND EASTERN NC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are likely across portions of eastern Montana and
    western/central North Dakota on Saturday. Severe storms will also be
    possible from the Mid-Mississippi Valley to Virginia and the
    Carolinas, as well as portions of the southern High Plains.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper low and attendant large-scale upper trough will persist
    across the western U.S. on Saturday. Further east, upper ridging
    over the Plains is forecast to shift east toward the Upper Midwest
    and Mid-MS Valley by Sunday morning. Quasi-zonal/weak upper
    troughing is expected to persist across the eastern U.S. Within this large-scale regime, several shortwave impulses and embedded MCVs are
    expected to drive severe thunderstorm potential across multiple
    areas on Saturday. A lead upper shortwave trough is expected to
    eject from the eastern Great Basin through the northern High Plains.
    A series of MCVs will move from the Ozark Plateau to the OH/TN
    Valleys, while another MCV and/or surface trough impacts
    thunderstorm potential across the Mid-Atlantic/Piedmont. Finally,
    another upper shortwave impulse could emerge across the central
    Plains into the Mid-MO/Mid-MS Valleys.

    ...Northern Rockies into the Northern Plains...

    A midlevel jet streak will overspread parts of the Great Basin into
    the northern Plains, characterized by 50-60 kt southwesterly 500 mb
    flow. Cooling aloft is also forecast and will result in a plume of
    steep midlevel lapse rates. Surface low pressure is forecast to
    deepen across northeast WY/western SD through evening. This will
    support northward transport of low to mid 60s F dewpoints into
    eastern MT/ND/SD. This will result in a narrow corridor of moderate
    to strong instability. Capping will increase with eastward extent as
    a result of midlevel height rises/warming aloft, which should
    confine the eastward extent of severe potential.

    As large-scale ascent increasing during the afternoon, convection is
    expected to develop across the higher terrain of northern UT/ID into
    WY. This initial activity will pose a risk for strong wind gusts and
    isolated hail given strong deep-layer flow, steep midlevel lapse
    rates, and a well mixed boundary layer. Additional convection is
    expected to develop near the Big Horns and Beartooth/Absaroka
    ranges. As this activity develops northeast into better low-level
    moisture and strong instability, large to very large hail potential
    will increase. With time during the evening, a southerly low-level
    jet will increase across the Dakotas. Upscale growth is possible as
    convection moves toward the terminus of the low-level jet and as
    sufficient clustering/cold pool development occurs. If this
    convective evolution unfolds, a swath of damaging wind gusts will be
    possible, mainly across eastern MT into western ND.

    ...Mid-Atlantic...

    Ongoing convection and cloudiness will likely hinder daytime
    destabilization. Nevertheless, several shortwave impulses will move
    across the region along with 25-30 kt westerly midlevel flow.
    Isolated strong storms may produce gusty winds. The Slight risk
    (level 2 of 5) has been confined to areas nearer the coast where
    instability will be greatest.

    ...Southern High Plains...

    A surface trough/dryline will extend south/southwest from western KS
    to southwest TX. A moist airmass will exist east of this boundary
    with hot temperatures forecast along and just behind the boundary.
    Moderate to strong destabilization will occur near the boundary in a
    narrow corridor, confined by stronger capping to the east across
    much of OK/KS/central TX. However, isolated to widely scattered
    storms are expected to develop during peak heating to early evening.
    Vertically veering wind profiles with up to 25 kt effective shear
    magnitudes suggest organized updrafts and high-based transient
    supercell structures are possible. Given a deeply mixed boundary
    layer, strong gusts will be possible. Organized updrafts that can be
    maintained also will pose a risk of large hail given very steep
    midlevel lapse rates and somewhat elongated hodographs.

    ...Ozarks to TN Valley vicinity...

    Storms are forecast to be ongoing Saturday morning across southwest
    MO. This activity could pose a marginal wind/hail risk initially.
    Additional development is expected from southern IL/southeast MO
    into KY/TN by late morning and spread east through the afternoon as
    an MCV moves across the region. While deep layer flow will not be
    impressive, the MCV could locally enhanced vertical shear.
    Thunderstorm clusters will mainly pose a risk for damaging winds as
    they track across moisture-rich and moderately unstable airmass.

    ...Northeast CO/Western NE into central SD...

    Convection may develop during the late afternoon along the surface trough/dryline. Rich boundary layer moisture beneath steep lapse
    rates will support strong destabilization. This corridor will remain
    rather confined given rising midlevel heights and capping to the
    east. Any storms that develop will have potential for strong outflow
    gusts and large hail.

    ...Mid-MO Valley vicinity...

    It is uncertain if convection will develop across this area, or if
    it does - will it be surface-based, resulting in a rather
    conditional severe risk. If storms can develop, an all-hazards
    severe risk would be possible given a surface warm front lifting
    north across the region amid ample moisture/instability and
    supercell wind profiles. Given the conditional nature of the risk,
    particularly due to capping, will maintain low severe probabilities.

    ..Leitman.. 06/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 27 06:01:01 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 270600
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 270559

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1259 AM CDT Sat Jun 27 2026

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF NORTH
    DAKOTA AND NORTHERN MINNESOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible from the northern Plains into
    parts of the Upper Midwest on Sunday. Large hail and severe winds
    are the primary hazards.

    ...Synopsis...
    The western U.S. trough will remain in place on Sunday with an
    amplifying upper ridge in the East. A surface low is expected to
    develop within the central/northern High Plains, though the location
    is still uncertain. A surface boundary will be present from the
    Mid-Atlantic through the Ohio Valley and mid Mississippi Valley.

    ...Northern Plains/Upper Midwest...
    The forecast remains rather complex across these regions. Convection
    is generally expected to be ongoing during the early morning across
    parts of eastern North Dakota into northern Minnesota. While this
    activity is not expected to be particularly strong, it may modulate
    the northward progression of a surface boundary. In the wake of the
    morning activity, at least a narrow zone of moderate buoyancy
    (2000-2500 J/kg MLCAPE) is expected to develop in central/eastern
    North Dakota. Nebulous mid-level ascent casts some doubt on whether
    storms will be able to form on an outflow boundary/surface trough.
    Should storms develop, they may only be surface based for a short
    period if at all. 50+ kt of effective shear and sufficient mid-level
    lapse rates will support some risk of large hail and severe winds.

    During the evening/overnight, the surface low is expected to deepen
    somewhere in the High Plains. Storm development is possible as this
    occurs. Where this occurs is still uncertain, but the Nebraska
    Panhandle into western South Dakota are currently the most probable.
    If convection can develop, it will most likely be elevated in
    nature. The strong low-level jet would likely support some eastward
    progress. Damaging winds and isolated large hail could occur with
    this activity.

    ...Southern Mid-Atlantic...
    Guidance continues to depict an MCV moving through the region. The
    timing and intensity of this feature has been variable in the last
    couple of model cycles. Overall deep-layer flow will be weak outside
    of the influence of the MCV. Given the moist airmass in place,
    widely scattered to scattered thunderstorms are expected ahead of
    this feature. Damaging wind gusts are possible, particularly where
    storms can cluster.

    ..Wendt.. 06/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/127 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 27 17:22:34 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 271722
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 271721

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1221 PM CDT Sat Jun 27 2026

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE DAKOTAS INTO NORTHERN MINNESOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible from the northern Plains into
    parts of the Upper Midwest on Sunday. Large to very large hail and
    severe winds are the primary hazards.

    ...Northern Plains/Upper Midwest...

    A challenging forecast scenario is expected on Sunday across
    portions of the Dakotas into the Upper Midwest. Upper ridging is
    expected to amplify over the Mid/Upper MS Valley and western Great
    Lakes vicinity. This will result in capping concerns across the
    region owing to height rises and warming aloft, especially from the
    eastern Dakotas into the Upper Midwest. However, surface troughing
    will sharpen and extend southward across the central Dakotas into
    the central Plains. Meanwhile, a warm front/moisture gradient will
    extend southeastward from northern MN into WI and the southern Lake
    Michigan vicinity. Overnight, a surface low is forecast to mildly
    deepen somewhere from western NE into SD. Forecast guidance
    continues to show uncertainty in the evolution of this feature.

    Southeasterly low-level flow will transport rich boundary layer
    moisture westward across the region, with dewpoints in the mid 60s
    to near 70 F common. A plume of steep midlevel lapse rates will
    overspread the Red River and Upper MS Valley during the day, while
    lapse rates further west steepen during the evening/overnight. This
    will result in corridors of moderate to strong instability within
    the warm sector to the east of the surface trough and south of the
    warm front. However, given the building upper ridge, capping may
    persist across the region, limiting potential for surface-based
    convection.

    Storms are expected to be ongoing Sunday morning across the eastern
    Dakotas and will spread east through the day. While this activity
    may be elevated, large hail is possible. A southerly low-level jet
    is expected to persist through the daytime, and if storms can become near-surface based, some damaging wind potential also would exist.
    It is unclear how far east this convection may persist as it crests
    the building upper ridge.

    Overnight, convection is expected to develop near the surface
    low/trough on the leading edge of a strong southerly low-level jet
    across western or central SD. This activity may be elevated, but
    will likely initially be supercell mode with an attendant risk for
    large to very large hail. If convection grows upscale, some wind
    risk is also possible, but this is more uncertain given capping
    concerns.

    ...Southern Mid-Atlantic...

    An MCV is expected to move across the NC vicinity on Sunday. Ahead
    of this feature, a seasonally very moist and moderately unstable
    airmass will be in place. Deep-layer flow will be modest, but the
    MCV may locally enhance vertical shear and provide support for a
    band of forward propagating convection moving off the higher terrain
    during the after and early evening. Sporadic strong/damaging wind
    gusts will be possible with these storms.

    ...Southern Plains...

    A dryline will be oriented from western KS into southwest TX Sunday afternoon/evening. Strong heating is expected along the boundary
    along with sufficient dryline convergence. Deep boundary
    circulations and a narrow corridor of moderate instability will
    support isolated storm development. Strong downburst/outflow winds
    will be possible with these storms as generally weak vertical shear
    limits stronger updrafts longevity/organization.

    ..Leitman.. 06/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/127 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 28 06:02:42 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 280602
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 280600

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0100 AM CDT Sun Jun 28 2026

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITHIN PORTIONS OF
    THE NORTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible from parts of the central/northern
    Plains into the Upper Midwest on Monday. Large hail and severe winds
    are the primary concerns, though a couple of tornadoes may also
    occur.

    ...Synopsis...
    A compact shortwave trough will evolve out of the upper trough in
    the northern Rockies. The timing of this feature remains a bit
    uncertain. The strongest mid-level ascent will likely occur in
    eastern Dakotas/western Minnesota after 00Z. A surface low will
    deepen within the eastern Dakotas and lift north-northeast with
    time. A very moist airmass will be in place between a cold front in
    the central Plains and a warm front in the Upper Midwest. Upper
    level ridging will continue in the Midwest/East with modest
    breakdown of this ridge expected in the Dakotas/Minnesota.

    ...Eastern Dakotas into northern Minnesota...
    The forecast remains rather uncertain across these regions. At least
    weak convection appears probable within parts of the Dakotas into
    western Minnesota during the morning. How this activity evolves will
    play a role in where afternoon severe potential will exist. Model
    agreement has marginally increased with regard to the evolution of
    the shortwave trough in the northern Plains and the surface low
    migrating north-northeast near the Red River. Even so, upper-level
    ridging that will persist through much of the period limits
    confidence in if and how many storms will develop during the
    afternoon/early evening. Should sufficient destabilization occur
    near the surface low, a portion of eastern North Dakota into
    northwest Minnesota appear to have the greatest relative potential
    for severe storms. All severe hazards would be possible given the
    50+ kt of effective shear, 4000+ J/kg MLCAPE, and locally stronger
    low-level shear. Model solutions for activity near the surface low
    and areas southward into eastern South Dakota and western Minnesota
    are highly disparate. The ECMWF would suggest some potential for an
    MCS to develop near the surface low and track through parts of northern/east-central Minnesota along the buoyancy gradient. This
    particular scenario has been fairly consistent along with the
    depiction of a more southern surface low/upper trough. Solutions
    such as the RRFS would suggest a supercell or two could occur
    farther south along the South Dakota/Minnesota border.

    ...Nebraska into southern/central Minnesota...
    Though the timing of development differs, there has been an
    increasing convective signal trend in recent guidance along the cold
    front. There is at least some potential for this to occur during
    late afternoon with a window for storms to be surface based, but it
    is more probable that it occurs after dark when the low-level jet
    increases. Large hail could occur early in the convective cycle, but
    deep-layer shear parallel to the boundary should mean a quick
    transition into linear structures. Severe wind gusts will likely be
    the primary concern, though a low-end tornado threat may exist given
    the stronger low-level jet.

    ..Wendt.. 06/28/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/127 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 28 17:00:18 2026
    ACUS02 KWNS 281700
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 281658

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1158 AM CDT Sun Jun 28 2026

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE NORTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS AND UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible from parts of the central/northern
    Plains into the Upper Midwest on Monday. Large hail and severe winds
    are the primary concerns, though a couple of tornadoes may also
    occur.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper low and attendant shortwave trough, initially over the
    northern Rockies, will eject east/northeast across the northern
    Plains on Monday. This will bring a belt of enhanced mid/upper south/southwesterly flow across parts of the northern/central Plains
    to the Upper Midwest. At the surface, low pressure will deepen over
    SD and lift north/northeast through evening. A trailing cold
    front/dryline will move across the Dakotas and portions of NE after
    00z while a warm front lifts northward across parts of eastern ND
    and northern MN through the day. A secondary lee surface low will
    develop over the central High Plains, with a dryline extending
    south/southwest across western KS into southwest TX.

    ...Dakotas/Mid-MO Valley/Upper Midwest...

    Uncertainty over mesoscale details persists this forecast cycle,
    though overall model guidance continues to show better agreement.
    Convection appears likely to be ongoing Monday morning across the
    central Dakotas near the deepening surface low and northward
    extending frontal occlusion. This activity may be elevated, but
    supercell wind profiles are evident in forecast soundings with elongated/straight hodographs noted amid 50+ kt effective shear
    magnitudes. A plume of steep midlevel lapse rates will be in place
    across the region and elevated convection will pose a risk for large
    to very large hail early in the day as storms move northward.

    A very moist and unstable airmass will reside across the region,
    with strong to extreme instability depicted in forecast guidance.
    Convective evolution is uncertain. The extent of morning convection
    could augment the northward extent of the richer boundary layer
    moisture and instability. Guidance also varies in regards to the
    evolution of the surface low, with some guidance being slower and
    other solutions much faster. Nevertheless, the surface low/triple
    point, warm front, and surface tough/cold front will be areas for
    concern for convective development during the day and into the
    afternoon. If supercells can develop and be surface-based near the
    warm front, an all-hazards severe risk is evident given the very
    favorable thermodynamic and kinematic parameter space. While initial
    supercells are possible during the evening along the cold front from
    the Mid-MO Valley into southern MN, boundary-parallel deep-layer
    flow and an intensifying low-level jet could result in rapid upscale
    growth into a bowing segment during the nighttime hours. This could
    result in an increase in damaging wind potential if nighttime
    convection can be near-surface based.

    ...KS/OK/TX...

    Isolated to scattered high-based thunderstorms are likely during the
    evening along the dryline. Instability and vertical shear will be
    modest, limiting longevity of stronger updrafts. Nevertheless, a
    deeply mixed boundary layer with inverted-v sub-cloud thermodynamic
    profiles could support strong outflow gusts. Overall severe
    potential appears limited, precluding marginal probabilities at this
    time.

    ...Southeast...

    Moderate instability will develop amid a seasonally moist airmass
    near the Savannah River into GA Monday afternoon/early evening. A backdoor/wedge front is expected to push south/southwest across SC
    and may contribute to isolated to scattered thunderstorm development
    by peak heating within a deep-layer northwesterly flow regime.
    Vertical shear will be weak, but occasional sub-severe gusty
    outflows will be possible, mainly across central/southern GA.

    ..Leitman.. 06/28/2026

    $$

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