• DAY3SVR: Nws Storm Prediction Center Norman Ok

    From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 4 08:11:25 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 040811
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040810

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0210 AM CST Wed Feb 04 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm potential appears low on Friday and Friday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Along the western periphery of an amplified upper ridge over the
    Rockies, a weak, negative-tilt midlevel trough will advance
    northward across the southern Great Basin. While an isolated
    lightning flash cannot be entirely ruled out with convection
    accompanying this feature, updrafts should generally be too
    weak/shallow for an appreciable thunderstorm risk.

    ..Weinman.. 02/04/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 4 18:43:59 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 041843
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 041843

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1243 PM CST Wed Feb 04 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm potential generally appears low on Friday and Friday
    night.

    ...Southwest...
    Multiple minor shortwave impulses should gradually evolve within a
    broad, low-amplitude trough shifting inland from the West Coast.
    Moisture for lightning-producing appears rather limited inland of
    coastal southern CA, yielding insufficient buoyancy for thunderstorm probabilities at or above 10 percent over the Mojave Desert and
    Lower CO Valley. Still, most 12Z guidance indicates late-day
    convective potential over the western Transverse Ranges. Scant
    buoyancy amid 500-mb temperatures near -22 C, along with
    orographically augmented weak ascent, might foster a couple
    thunderstorms.

    ..Grams.. 02/04/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 5 08:07:06 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 050807
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050806

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0206 AM CST Thu Feb 05 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not forecast on Saturday or Saturday night.

    ...Discussion...
    A dry and stable air mass encompassing most of the CONUS will
    preclude thunderstorms on Saturday and Saturday night.

    ..Weinman.. 02/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 5 18:39:39 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 051839
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 051838

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1238 PM CST Thu Feb 05 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not forecast on Saturday or Saturday night.

    ...AZ/NM...
    A positive-tilt shortwave trough/mid-level low west of northern Baja
    CA should drift east-southeast, approaching the peninsula through
    Saturday night. A plume of eastern Pacific mid-level moisture should
    spread into parts of eastern AZ and NM. However, this will likely be accompanied by weak mid-level lapse rates, inhibiting elevated
    MUCAPE. Marginal boundary-layer moisture might yield scant buoyancy
    into southeast AZ by peak heating Saturday. But with limited
    large-scale ascent, thunderstorm potential seems negligible.

    ..Grams.. 02/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 6 06:56:41 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 060656
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060655

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1255 AM CST Fri Feb 06 2026

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Sunday.

    ...Arizona/New Mexico...

    An upper shortwave trough within southern stream flow will move
    across northern Mexico on Sunday. Increasing midlevel moisture
    across southern AZ/NM, and cooling in the 500-700 mb layer will
    support weak elevated instability from late morning through early
    evening. This could result in isolated weak thunderstorms over parts
    of southern AZ/NM within the cold core of the upper trough/low. Weak instability and relatively warm surface to 700 mb temperatures will
    preclude severe potential.

    ..Leitman.. 02/06/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 6 19:30:46 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 061930
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 061929

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0129 PM CST Fri Feb 06 2026

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Sunday.

    ...Discussion...
    A large ridge across the western CONUS will suppress through the
    period on Sunday as a jet streak extends from the Pacific into the
    northern Rockies. Cooling air aloft across the Pacific Northwest may
    lead to sufficiently deep instability for some lightning. At this
    time, expect most of the lightning to remain offshore. Therefore, no
    thunder area has been added to the coastal areas at this time.

    Beneath the larger ridge, an upper low will move slowly east across
    northern Mexico. Surface heating beneath cooling temperatures aloft
    will result in modest instability across southeast Arizona into far
    southwest New Mexico. Forcing will remain relatively weak, but the
    uncapped environment, combined with some terrain influences may lead
    to isolated thunderstorm development Sunday afternoon.

    ..Bentley.. 02/06/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 7 07:40:19 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 070740
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 070739

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0139 AM CST Sat Feb 07 2026

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper low/trough will move across northern Mexico on Monday,
    approaching the Rio Grand Valley in western TX by early Tuesday.
    Downstream, upper riding is forecast across the Gulf Basin. As a
    surface lee trough develops across the central/southern Plains,
    southerly low-level flow will allow for modified Gulf moisture to
    spread across southern/southeastern portions of TX toward the Lower
    MS Valley (dewpoints in the 40s-50s F). Some scant elevated
    instability may develop across the TX Big Bend vicinity during the
    afternoon into evening as meager midlevel cooling occurs in
    proximity to the upper trough over Mexico. However, thunderstorm
    potential appears low given poor moisture further west across TX and
    warm 850-700 mb temperatures.

    ..Leitman.. 02/07/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 7 19:02:50 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 071902
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 071901

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0101 PM CST Sat Feb 07 2026

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Monday.

    ...Discussion...
    Cool air aloft will remain across the Pacific Northwest, but
    shortwave ridging aloft should limit overall thunderstorm potential.
    An upper-level low across northern Mexico will drift slowly east
    beneath a developing zonal pattern across the CONUS. Temperatures
    aloft will start to warm across southern Arizona and New Mexico.
    Therefore, expect the majority of the thunderstorm activity with
    this upper low to remain south of the border, across northern
    Mexico.

    ..Bentley.. 02/07/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Feb 8 06:45:25 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 080645
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080644

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1244 AM CST Sun Feb 08 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper shortwave trough will move east from northern Mexico toward central/eastern TX on Tuesday. This will result in increasing west/southwesterly flow across the southern Plains toward the TN
    Valley. At the surface, low pressure over OK will meander eastward
    and weaken. Meanwhile, southerly low-level flow ahead of the low
    will transport modest Gulf moisture north across eastern TX toward
    the Lower MS Valley vicinity. Moistening thermodynamic profiles and
    midlevel cooling ahead of the trough will support weak elevated
    instability across far western TX. Isolated thunderstorms may
    develop northeast from northern Mexico into western TX. This
    activity is not expected to be severe.

    Overnight, warm advection will result in elevated convection ahead
    of a southward sagging cold front from the southern Ozarks toward
    the TN Valley. While west/southwesterly flow will allow for
    moistening in the midlevels, cooling aloft will be modest and how
    much destabilization may occur is uncertain. A few elevated
    thunderstorms could be possible late in the period over parts of the
    Mid-South and/or TN Valley, but confidence in 10 percent coverage is
    low, precluding a general thunder delineation.

    ..Leitman.. 02/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Feb 8 18:43:27 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 081843
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 081842

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1242 PM CST Sun Feb 08 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Tuesday.

    ...Discussion...
    The mid-level pattern across the CONUS will feature 3 mid-level
    troughs on Wednesday, one over the Great Lakes, another near far
    West Texas and another approaching the California coast. Within this
    pattern, a broad region of southerly flow across the southern CONUS
    will lead to surface warming/moistening.

    Cooling temperatures aloft combined with low-level moistening will
    lead to weak instability across parts of West Texas on Tuesday.
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible as the mid-level trough
    accelerates and moves northeast.

    On the northern periphery of low-level moisture return, likely
    somewhere near Tennessee on Tuesday evening, a warm front will
    become better defined. Along and north of this front, some elevated
    convection may develop within a region of weak isentropic ascent.
    Forecast soundings suggest limited lighting potential at this time.

    Cooling temperatures aloft and northward transport of central
    Pacific surface moisture may lead to some weak instability along the
    central California coast Tuesday afternoon and into Tuesday night.
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible, particularly as the primary
    trough and cool air aloft moves overhead around 00Z Wednesday.

    ..Bentley.. 02/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Feb 9 07:44:30 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 090744
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090743

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0143 AM CST Mon Feb 09 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm potential is expected to be low on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper level ridge will develop east from the Rockies into the
    Plains on Wednesday, while a shortwave trough weakens as it moves
    from TX to over the Gulf. Thunderstorm potential appears low given a
    generally stable airmass across the eastern two-thirds of the CONUS.
    Meanwhile, a large-scale upper trough will overspread the western
    U.S. Cooling aloft and midlevel moistening may be sufficient for a
    couple of lightning flashes across the Great Basin vicinity as the
    upper trough impinges on the region, but overall thunderstorm
    potential is expected to be minimal.

    ..Leitman.. 02/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Feb 9 18:45:35 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 091845
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 091844

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1244 PM CST Mon Feb 09 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No severe thunderstorms are expected on Wednesday.

    ...Discussion...
    An amplifying ridge across the central CONUS and building surface
    high pressure east of the Rockies will limit thunderstorm potential
    on Wednesday. Some lingering isolated thunderstorms will be possible
    along the central California coast on Wednesday morning, beneath the
    upper low. However, once it moves inland, it appears
    moisture/instability will be too limited for a sustained
    thunderstorm threat.

    ..Bentley.. 02/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Feb 10 07:36:09 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 100736
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100734

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0134 AM CST Tue Feb 10 2026

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...

    Upper level ridging will persist across central portions of the
    CONUS on Thursday. Meanwhile, northwesterly flow aloft will
    overspread the eastern states and an upper trough will move across
    CA toward northwest Mexico. Lee low development is forecast across
    the central/southern High Plains, supporting southerly low-level
    flow across the western Gulf. Modest moisture will spread across
    parts of the south-central U.S. in response, mainly after 00z.
    However, upper ridging and surface high pressure across most of the
    rest of the CONUS will preclude thunderstorm activity as stable
    conditions prevail.

    ..Leitman.. 02/10/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Feb 10 19:25:42 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 101925
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 101924

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0124 PM CST Tue Feb 10 2026

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Discussion...
    A mid-level ridge will build across the southwest into the southern
    Plains on Thursday. To the northeast of this ridge, surface high
    pressure will build across the Midwest. The combination of these
    stabilizing factors, in addition to low-level moisture mostly
    suppressed into the Gulf, will limit the thunderstorm threat on
    Thursday.

    ..Bentley.. 02/10/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 11 07:39:46 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 110739
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110738

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0138 AM CST Wed Feb 11 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF WESTERN TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms could produce small to
    marginally severe hail Friday evening into the overnight hours
    across portions of western Texas.

    ...West TX Vicinity...

    Friday will begin with upper level ridging centered over the
    central/southern High Plains. South/southeasterly low-level flow
    across the western Gulf into west TX will transport modest boundary
    layer moisture northwestward into the Trans-Pecos/Permian Basin, and
    northward into the TX South Plains and Red River Valley. Meanwhile,
    an upper trough oriented over southern CA/northwest Mexico will
    steadily shift east toward the southern Rockies by early Saturday.
    As this occurs, the upper ridge will shift east and midlevel
    moistening/cooling will occur after 00z. Furthermore, deep-layer
    southwesterly flow will increase across western TX.

    Elevated instability is expected to develop by late afternoon/early
    evening across the region in response to increasing moisture and
    cooling aloft. As large-scale ascent overspreads the southern
    Rockies/High Plains, scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop
    on the nose of a 30-40 kt southerly low-level jet. Convection will
    likely remain elevated given post-sunset timing and nocturnal
    stabilization of the boundary layer. Nevertheless, supercell wind
    profiles, with elongated/straight hodographs above 3km are present
    in forecast soundings, along with steep midlevel lapse rates.
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms could produce marginally
    severe hail to near 1-inch diameter during the evening/overnight
    hours.

    ..Leitman.. 02/11/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 11 19:30:18 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 111930
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 111929

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0129 PM CST Wed Feb 11 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF WEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms could produce small to
    marginally severe hail Friday evening into the overnight hours
    across portions of western Texas.

    ...Synopsis...
    Positively tilted upper troughing is expected to extend from the
    western Great Basin southwestward into the east-central Pacific
    Ocean early Friday morning. Two shortwave troughs are forecast to be
    embedded within this larger troughing. The southernmost shortwave
    trough expected to progress quickly eastward through the base of the
    parent troughing before then pivoting more northeastward at it moves
    into the eastern periphery of the troughing over northern Mexico.
    The northernmost shortwave trough will be less progressive at it
    moves across southern CA and the Lower CO Valley. Evolution of the
    system will likely result in a relatively consolidated
    southern-stream trough extending from the central High Plains
    southwestward through northern Mexico by early Saturday.

    ...West TX...
    Downstream mass response will result in considerable airmass
    modification across the southern Plains ahead of this system, with
    upper 50s dewpoints likely reaching through much of west TX by
    Friday evening. Afternoon temperatures will likely reach the low
    70s, which will combine with the increasing moisture and cooling
    mid-level temperatures to support modest buoyancy (i.e. 500 to 1000
    J/kg of MLCAPE). The stronger forcing for ascent associated with the approaching wave will likely lag peak heating slightly, but a few
    surface-based storms are still possible amid weak capping and
    low-level convergence. Supercell wind profiles, characterized by
    modest low-level southeasterlies and moderate/strong southwesterlies
    aloft, suggest that any storms that do develop could organize and
    become severe. Large hail would be the primary hazard.

    Thunderstorm coverage will likely increase as stronger ascent
    associated attendant to the approaching wave and a strengthening
    low-level jet arrives during the evening. Given anticipated
    nocturnal stabilization, much of this activity will likely be
    elevated, but strong deep-layer shear could still support updrafts
    capable of isolated hail.

    ...Northwest TX into OK...
    Strengthening low-level southerly flow and moistening low levels
    ahead of the approaching wave will contribute to increasing showers
    and thunderstorms from northwest TX into much of OK Friday evening
    and overnight. Poor mid-level lapse rates will result in weak
    buoyancy, but moderate vertical shear could still contribute to a
    few stronger updrafts capable of small hail. Severe coverage in this
    area is currently expected to be less than 5%.

    ..Mosier.. 02/11/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 12 08:10:49 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 120810
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120809

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0209 AM CST Thu Feb 12 2026

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF OKLAHOMA AND TEXAS TOWARD THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe storms are expected from portions of
    Oklahoma and Texas into the Lower Mississippi Valley Saturday
    afternoon into the overnight hours. Strong to locally damaging wind
    gusts are the most likely hazard.

    ...OK/TX to the Lower MS Valley...

    A positive-tilt upper shortwave trough will be oriented from the
    central High Plains to the Southern Rockies and northern Mexico
    Saturday morning. The trough will progress eastward through the
    period, extending from the Ozarks to the western Gulf Coast by early
    Sunday. As this occurs, a surface low in the vicinity of the TX Panhandle/western OK will modestly deepen as it shifts east toward
    northern MS through the period and a trailing cold front advancing
    southeast across the region. Enhanced southwesterly deep-layer flow, characterized by a 60-80 kt 500 mb jet, will overspread the region
    by afternoon into the overnight hours. Meanwhile, a 30-40 kt
    southerly low-level jet across OK/TX early in the period will
    intensify with eastward extent after 00z. Forecast guidance depicts
    40-50 kt 850mb southwesterly flow over AR/LA/MS/AL after dark.

    Most guidance maintains surface dewpoints in the upper 50s to low
    60s F across the region, with perhaps mid 60s F dewpoints hugging
    the immediate Gulf Coast. Midlevel cooling atop moistening low to
    midlevels will support modest destabilization (500-1000 J/kg
    MLCAPE), especially over portions of TX/OK into western LA/southwest
    AR. Instability is likely to wane somewhat with eastward extent
    overnight as lapse rates weaken, nocturnal boundary layer
    stabilization occurs, along with convection possibly outpacing
    better moisture return.

    Overall, at least some isolated risk for severe storms appears
    possible across a broad area from central/southeast OK into
    central/eastern TX, eastward toward the Lower MS Valley. Initial
    thunderstorms development is likely to be cells/clusters near the
    surface low and trailing cold front over OK/TX. As the low deepens
    and front shifts east, increasing ascent and strengthening
    southwesterly deep-layer flow parallel to the surface boundary will
    favor a transition to a linear/QLCS mode. Strong gusts will likely
    be the main hazard.

    ..Leitman.. 02/12/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 12 19:33:53 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 121933
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 121933

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0133 PM CST Thu Feb 12 2026

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE SOUTHERN PLAINS AND LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe storms are expected from portions of
    Oklahoma and Texas into the Lower Mississippi Valley Saturday
    afternoon into the overnight hours. Strong to locally damaging wind
    gusts are the most likely hazard.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong positively tilted, southern-stream shortwave trough is
    forecast to extend from the central High Plains southwestward into
    northern Mexico early Saturday. A pair of vorticity maxima will be
    embedded within this shortwave: the lead vorticity max moving
    through OK into the Lower MO Valley/Ozarks with the other farther
    southwest at the base of the trough over northern Mexico. This
    shortwave is forecast to progress quickly eastward across the
    southern Plains throughout the day, with the vorticity max (and
    associated jetlet) remaining within the base of the trough
    throughout the period. This evolution will result in strong forcing
    for ascent across TX and the Lower MS Valley as the shortwave moves
    eastward.

    Mass response ahead of this system will result in significant
    low-level moisture advection across TX and the Lower MS Valley, with
    60s dewpoints likely in place by late Saturday afternoon across much
    of east TX and adjacent far west LA. Mid 60s dewpoints are possible
    from the middle TX Coast through the Brazos Valley. Thunderstorms,
    including some severe storms, are expected as the progressing
    shortwave interacts with this moist and modestly buoyant airmass.

    ...Southern Plains into the Lower MS Valley...
    Thunderstorms will likely be ongoing Saturday morning across
    northwest TX and western OK, supported by strong warm-air advection
    in the vicinity of a sharpening frontal zone. Buoyancy will be
    modest, but strong deep-layer vertical shear suggests a few
    organized updrafts capable of hail are possible. These storms will
    likely be elevated, but localized ascent attendant to the lead
    vorticity maximum mentioned in the synopsis (and associated
    potential for a more linear storm mode) could still result in a gust
    or two reaching the surface.

    Additional thunderstorms will likely begin during the afternoon
    across the Edwards Plateau vicinity as the shortwave trough moves
    into the region, resulting in increased large-scale ascent as well
    as supporting an eastward push of the cold front. Thunderstorms are
    expected along this front as it surges eastward, with storms likely
    remaining close to the primary frontal zone. As such, a strong
    convective line appears probable. However, despite the airmass
    modification mentioned in synopsis, modest heating and poor lapse
    rates will support only modest destabilization over the warm sector.
    This should temper updraft strength and the overall severe
    potential. Damaging gusts within the frontal convective appears to
    be the primary risk, which could extend as far east as southwestern
    MS and southeast LA given the expectation that modest buoyancy will
    remain in these regions throughout the night.

    Moderate to strong low-level shear supports a low-probability
    tornado risk from the middle TX Coast into southwest LA, but only if
    updrafts can be maintained ahead of the front. Confidence in this
    scenario is currently low given the warm temperatures aloft and
    resulting modest buoyancy within the warm sector.

    ..Mosier.. 02/12/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 13 08:30:57 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 130830
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130829

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CST Fri Feb 13 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SUNDAY ACROSS
    PARTS OF THE EASTERN GULF COAST VICINITY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorm development, accompanied by at least some risk
    for severe weather, may continue into the day Sunday across parts of
    the eastern Gulf Coast region.

    ...Discussion...
    Within the prevailing split flow across the Pacific, a prominent
    blocking ridge centered over the mid-latitude Pacific (near 160W)
    may undergo further amplification toward the higher latitudes,
    across and north-northwest of the Aleutians in mid/upper levels. As
    this occurs, and a vigorous downstream short wave trough digs
    near/offshore of the British Columbia coast, a significant mid-level
    trough initially over the southern mid-latitude eastern Pacific is
    forecast to slowly accelerate toward the California/Baja coast. It
    appears that a shorter wavelength perturbation pivoting through the
    base of this feature will support renewed cyclogenesis, but this is
    generally forecast to occur and remain offshore of central and
    southern California coastal areas through 12Z Monday, as an initial
    occluding cyclone weakens to the north and northwest.

    Downstream, guidance suggests that flow across the Rockies into the
    western Atlantic may trend more zonal, with short wave developments
    within the converging branches of westerlies remaining out of phase.
    In the southern branch, mid-level ridging is forecast to broaden
    eastward across the southern Rockies through lower Mississippi
    Valley, in the wake of mid-level short wave troughing progressing
    into and across much of the southern Atlantic Seaboard by late
    Sunday night.

    Spread within the latest model output appears to be decreasing
    concerning this troughing. A mid-level cyclonic circulation,
    associated with a weakening surface cyclone, may progress to the lee
    of the southern Appalachians before weakening, as trailing short
    wave troughing tends to dig across the northeastern Gulf and
    adjacent eastern Gulf coast through Florida Peninsula.

    ...Eastern Gulf States...
    The strongest portion of the weakening jet core, particularly at
    mid-levels, may remain largely offshore across the north central
    through northeastern Gulf through much of the day Sunday. At the
    same time, southerly warm sector low-level wind fields are also
    forecast to weaken, as the surface cyclone begins to weaken. It
    appears that this may commence during the morning, though how fast
    remains uncertain due to lingering model spread.

    It is possible that a fairly organized convective system may be
    ongoing at 12Z Sunday across eastern Mississippi through parts of
    southeastern Louisiana, though NAM forecast soundings suggest that
    this activity may be based above at least a shallow saturated
    surface-based layer with moist adiabatic or more stable lapse rates.
    This may remain the case as activity develops eastward, with
    stronger convection becoming increasing focused closer to eastern
    Gulf coastal areas, and perhaps being maintained into northern
    portions of the Florida Peninsula by Sunday evening. However,
    strong to locally damaging wind gusts and small hail may still be
    possible with stronger storms, before convection weakens.

    ..Kerr.. 02/13/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Feb 15 08:29:40 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 150829
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150828

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CST Sun Feb 15 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorm activity is possible across Pacific coastal
    areas and the Central Valley of California Tuesday into Tuesday
    night, as well as across parts of the mid Missouri Valley into Upper
    Midwest Tuesday night. However, the risk for severe storms appears
    low.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that a lower/mid-tropospheric cyclone, initially
    offshore of the Pacific Northwest coast, will weaken while migrating
    inland Tuesday. However, an associated intense offshore northerly
    mid/upper jet streak is forecast to continue digging southeastward
    toward coastal areas south of San Francisco Bay, through the
    southern Sierra Nevada, maintaining amplified larger-scale troughing
    across and inland of the U.S. Pacific coast.

    The remnants of a preceding inland migrating trough, including at
    least a couple of emerging smaller-scale perturbations, are forecast
    to pivot east and northeast of the Rockies, across much of the
    middle and lower Missouri Valley by late Tuesday night, as a broad
    belt of seasonably strong west-southwesterly flow continues
    developing to the lee of the southern Rockies through the Mid
    Atlantic Seaboard.

    In lower levels, the latest model output suggests that initially
    deep surface troughing, along an axis from the northern Rockies into
    the central and southern Great Plains, will shift across the middle
    and lower Missouri Valley toward the Upper Midwest. However, it
    appears that it will slowly weaken as it does, and stronger
    southerly low-level flow across the central/southern Great Plains
    into Ohio Valley is likely to maintain a notable westerly component.
    Coupled with preceding low-level drying across much of the Gulf
    Basin, low-level moisture return will be rather limited beneath a
    warm/dry elevated mixed-layer initially overspreading much of the
    central and southern Great Plains through middle and lower
    Mississippi Valley.

    ...Pacific Coast...
    Low probabilities for thunderstorm activity may linger into early
    Tuesday nearly southern California coastal areas. However, the
    primary convective potential, including scattered thunderstorm
    development, seems likely to become focused across northern and
    central California coastal areas into the Central Valley Tuesday
    afternoon into Tuesday night. This will accompany strong mid-level
    cooling and forcing for ascent associated with the digging mid/upper
    jet. Stronger cells may become capable of producing at least small
    hail and gusty winds, but it is not yet clear that thermodynamic
    profiles will support activity approaching or exceeding severe
    limits.

    ...Mid Missouri Valley into Upper Midwest...
    There appears at least some signal in the latest model output that
    the limited moisture return, coupled with strong differential lower/mid-tropospheric thermal advection, could support weak
    elevated convection capable of producing lightning in a corridor
    spreading northeast of the middle Missouri Valley Tuesday evening.

    ..Kerr.. 02/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 13 19:28:00 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 131927
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 131926

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0126 PM CST Fri Feb 13 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST AND EASTERN GULF COAST VICINITY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorm development, accompanied by at least some risk
    for severe weather, may continue through the day into Sunday night
    across parts of the Southeast and eastern Gulf Coast region.

    ...Parts of the Southeast/Gulf Coast...
    No major changes have been made to the Marginal Risk area.

    A QLCS may be ongoing Sunday morning from southeast LA into southern
    MS and far southwest AL, as an initially vigorous mid/upper-level
    trough/low and surface cyclone move eastward across a gradually
    moistening environment. Some threat for locally damaging wind and a
    brief tornado may accompany this QLCS Sunday morning, though scant
    buoyancy and a tendency towards gradual dampening of the primary
    shortwave trough and surface cyclone may result in a weakening trend
    with the initial QLCS.

    Despite the expected weakening trend, deep-layer flow/shear across
    the warm sector will remain favorable for organized convection, and
    continued low-level moistening may allow for deep convection to
    redevelop near the Gulf Coast. Destabilization will likely remain
    limited, but if sufficient buoyancy can be maintained, then some
    threat for locally damaging wind and/or a tornado could evolve
    across south AL/GA and the FL Panhandle into the afternoon, and
    potentially spread into parts of the FL Peninsula by Sunday night.

    Another area of storm redevelopment may evolve across parts of MS/AL
    during the afternoon and evening, in association with the primary
    midlevel low. The extent of recovery in the wake of the morning QLCS
    remains uncertain, but cooling temperatures aloft could support
    development of a few strong storms and potentially an isolated
    severe threat.

    ..Dean.. 02/13/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 14 08:25:03 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 140824
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140824

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 AM CST Sat Feb 14 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PARTS OF
    SOUTHERN CA COASTAL AREAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact southern California coastal areas
    south of Vandenberg AFB into the Los Angeles Basin Monday,
    accompanied by at least some risk for damaging wind gusts and
    perhaps a couple of tornadoes.

    ...Discussion...
    To the northeast of a blocking mid-level ridge centered over the
    southern mid-latitude Pacific (between 150-160W longitude), models
    indicate that a vigorous short wave perturbation will undergo
    further amplification while digging offshore of the British Columbia
    and Pacific Northwest coast during this period. It appears that
    this will be accompanied by lower/mid-tropospheric cyclogenesis, and
    force an initially significant downstream trough inland across
    California and much of the Great Basin, into the northern Rockies
    Monday night. As this occurs, deep surface troughing is also
    forecast to develop inland, centered near the northern Rockies
    through the central and southern Great Plains by 12Z Tuesday.

    Guidance indicates that the lead perturbation will be accompanied by
    an intense mid/upper jet (including a 100-110+ kt maximum around 500
    mb) nosing inland across southern California through the Four
    Corners. Forcing associated with this feature may be supporting
    modest cyclogenesis offshore of the California coast by the
    beginning of the period. The low may deepen a bit further while
    occluding and migrating inland south of the San Francisco Bay
    vicinity during the day Monday.

    ...Southern California coast...
    It appears that a corridor of low-level moistening, along and ahead
    of the front trailing the occluding surface low, will gradually
    contribute to sufficient destabilization to support deepening
    convective development while spreading inland across coastal areas
    south of Vandenberg AFB through the Los Angeles Basin, perhaps
    beginning as early as late Monday morning. Aided by mid/upper
    forcing for ascent and strong mid-level cooling, NAM forecast
    soundings suggest thermodynamic profiles may become supportive of
    thunderstorm development, in the presence of strong deep-layer
    shear. Wind profiles may include 40-50 kt southerly flow around the
    850 mb level, with sizable low-level hodographs developing, aided by
    orography, south of the western Transverse Ranges into the Los
    Angeles Basin, potentially contributing to an environment conducive
    to supercells capable of producing tornadoes, in addition to
    potentially damaging wind gusts.

    ..Kerr.. 02/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 14 19:16:06 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 141916
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 141915

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0115 PM CST Sat Feb 14 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR COASTAL
    PORTIONS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact southern California coastal areas on
    Monday, accompanied by at least some risk for damaging wind gusts
    and perhaps a tornado.

    ...Discussion...
    Early in the day on Monday, a strong mid-level trough and associated
    100+ knot mid-level jet streak will approach the southern California
    Coast. Ahead of the surface low, southerly flow will transport mid
    50s dewpoints northward along the southern California coast. As
    temperatures cool aloft over the relatively warm waters, some weak
    instability is expected over the water and near-coastal regions of
    southern California. Strong low-level flow (a 40+ knot low-level
    jet) and some low-level directional shear may support isolated
    damaging wind gusts and perhaps a tornado as a line of storms moves
    onshore Monday late morning to afternoon. With persistent offshore
    flow, temperatures cool significantly inland. Therefore, any severe
    weather threat should be confined to immediate coastal areas.

    ..Bentley.. 02/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Feb 15 19:25:42 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 151925
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 151924

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0124 PM CST Sun Feb 15 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorm activity is possible across Pacific coastal
    areas and the Central Valley of California Tuesday into Tuesday
    night, as well as across parts of the mid Missouri Valley into Upper
    Midwest Tuesday night. However, the risk for severe storms appears
    low.

    ...Discussion...
    Continued cold air advection aloft over the relatively warm waters
    of the eastern Pacific will continue to support thunderstorm
    activity along the coastal areas on Tuesday from Oregon to southern
    California. Thunderstorm activity may spread inland across central
    California where some warming may lead to a pocket of greater
    instability in the central Valley.

    A large cyclone will emerge across the northern Plains on Tuesday.
    Moisture will be somewhat limited given the cold front currently
    scouring moisture across the Gulf. However, forecast guidance does
    show sufficient moistening around 850mb to support some elevated
    instability by Tuesday evening into early Wednesday. Given the
    strong isentropic ascent, isolated to scattered thunderstorms will
    be possible across the Upper Midwest starting Tuesday evening.
    However, the limited moisture will keep instability weak.

    ..Bentley.. 02/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Feb 16 08:12:47 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 160812
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160811

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0211 AM CST Mon Feb 16 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for severe thunderstorms appears negligible across the U.S.
    Wednesday through Wednesday night, with probabilities for
    thunderstorm development generally low.

    ...Discussion...
    An initial mid-level perturbation and associated surface troughing
    pivoting through the Upper Midwest and adjacent Great Lakes region
    by the beginning of this period are forecast to undergo substantive
    weakening Wednesday through Wednesday night. It is possible that a
    residual area of lower/mid-tropospheric forcing for ascent, coupled
    with limited moisture return, may maintain sufficient strength to
    support continuing convective development capable of producing
    lightning while spreading through the lower Great Lakes vicinity
    into the day Wednesday. However, this potential is not readily
    evident in available NAM forecast soundings, and thunderstorm
    probabilities are probably near the minimum 10 percent threshold for
    a categorical thunder area.

    Upstream, substantive spread is evident in the latest model output
    concerning short wave developments within amplified mid/upper
    troughing near the Pacific coast. It does appear that one emerging perturbation may support notable cyclogenesis from the lee of the
    Colorado Rockies into the central Great Plains late Wednesday
    through Wednesday night. However, modest inland moisture return off
    a gradually modifying Gulf boundary layer is generally forecast to
    be focused east of the lower Mississippi Valley, into the Southeast,
    within a broad belt of south to southwesterly flow around low-level
    ridging centered over the southern mid- to subtropical latitudes of
    the western Atlantic.

    ..Kerr.. 02/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Feb 16 19:31:48 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 161931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 161930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0130 PM CST Mon Feb 16 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms appear unlikely on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A deep mid/upper-level trough is expected to persist over the
    western CONUS on Wednesday, as multiple embedded shortwaves move
    through the large-scale trough through the period. Low-topped
    convection will be possible across southern CA early in the period,
    with multiple rounds of weak convection possible farther north from
    the Pacific Northwest to central CA coast. Farther east, a
    negative-tilt shortwave trough will move across parts of the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes, as multiple low-amplitude vorticity maxima
    eject eastward toward the Lower Great Lakes and Northeast.

    ...MI into the Lower Great Lakes region...
    Generally weak elevated convection may spread from lower MI into
    parts of the Lower Great Lakes through the day, in association with
    an ejecting midlevel vorticity maximum. Some guidance (such as the
    ECMWF/GFS) depicts modest surface-based destabilization in the wake
    of this elevated convection, within a favorably sheared environment.
    However, this occurs within an otherwise drying environment (with PW
    falling near/below 0.5 inches), with generally limited low-level
    ascent. The signal for robust deeper convection is currently very
    limited, but trends will continue to be monitored regarding the
    potential for any vigorous surface-based development.

    ...Northern Mid-South region into the Ohio Valley...
    In response to a mid/upper-level shortwave ejecting from the western
    trough, a surface cyclone is forecast to deepen across the central
    High Plains during the day, before moving eastward across KS
    Wednesday night. Guidance varies regarding the magnitude of
    low-level moisture return within the warm-sector of this cyclone
    prior to the end of the period. However, MUCAPE may become
    sufficient for development of elevated thunderstorms late in the
    period from parts of northern AR/southern MO into much of KY/TN and
    adjacent Ohio Valley. Strong deep-layer flow would conditionally
    support some storm organization, but development of sufficient
    elevated buoyancy for an organized-severe threat remains uncertain.

    ..Dean.. 02/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Feb 17 08:32:22 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 170832
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170831

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 AM CST Tue Feb 17 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THURSDAY AFTERNOON
    INTO EARLY EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN
    ILLINOIS...SOUTHERN INDIANA...WESTERN/NORTHERN KENTUCKY...AND
    SOUTHWESTERN OHIO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms with potential to produce a few tornadoes and
    damaging wind gusts are possible across parts of the middle
    Mississippi into lower Ohio Valleys Thursday afternoon into early
    evening.

    ...Discussion...
    Considerable spread persists within latest model output concerning
    short wave developments within the evolving pattern across North
    America through this period. In general, though, guidance indicates
    that larger-scale mid-level troughing will slowly begin to shift
    inland of the Pacific coast Thursday through Thursday night, while
    being maintained downstream across the Rockies, Great Plains and
    Mississippi Valley, and slowly developing toward the lower Great
    Lakes and Appalachians vicinity. The center of a subtropical high
    is likely to shift from the Gulf Basin into the Bahamas/Caribbean,
    with its northern periphery maintaining an influence across parts of
    the Southeast.

    One or two short wave perturbations emerging from the Intermountain
    West may be in the process of progressing into and across the
    central Great Plains and lower Missouri Valley vicinity at the
    outset of the period. The lower amplitude lead perturbation may
    continue into and across the Ohio Valley during the day, as the
    stronger upstream perturbation pivots across the mid to lower
    Missouri Valley toward the Great Lakes region. This appears a bit
    to the north, and at somewhat lower amplitudes, than what prior runs
    of at least some model output has been indicating. However, this is
    still likely to be accompanied by a sub-1000 mb surface cyclone,
    which may undergo one or two periods of additional deepening while
    migrating northeast of the lower Missouri Valley toward the Great
    Lakes region Thursday through Thursday night.

    ...Middle Mississippi/Lower Ohio Valley...
    Latest model output continues to indicate better low-level moisture
    return (but still marginal for severe convective development) to
    portions of the warm sector of the developing cyclone as it migrates
    across and northeast of the lower Missouri Valley Thursday
    afternoon. It appears that this may include a corridor of mid 50s
    to near 60F surface dew points advecting northeast and east of the
    confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. However, it now
    appears that much of this moistening may occur beneath relatively
    warm mid/upper levels, associated with subsidence to the south of
    the upper jet axis.

    This is not reflected in the latest RRFS forecast soundings, which
    indicate rather potent thermodynamic profiles evolving by Thursday
    afternoon across the lower Ohio Valley vicinity, in terms of both
    conditional and convective instability. A general consensus of
    other model output suggests the development of much more modest
    CAPE. This includes NAM forecast soundings, which depict CAPE at or
    below 500 J/kg where the low-level moistening occurs, mostly due to
    low equilibrium levels below the 500 mb level. It remains unclear
    if this environment will become supportive of convection capable of
    producing lightning.

    Even so, NAM forecast soundings still depict boundary-layer based
    CAPE supportive of low-topped convection which could acquire
    supercellular structure in the presence of strong cloud bearing
    shear. Aided by the evolution of sizable clockwise-curved low-level
    hodographs beneath 30-50 kt southerly 850 mb flow, and a relatively
    moist boundary-layer with steep lapse rates, a few tornadoes appear
    possible, in addition to small to marginally severe hail. The
    evolution of a small organizing cluster may still not be out of the
    question, which probably would be accompanied by better potential
    for damaging surface gusts.

    ..Kerr.. 02/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Feb 17 19:28:26 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 171928
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 171927

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0127 PM CST Tue Feb 17 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE
    LOWER/MIDDLE OHIO VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms with potential to produce a few tornadoes and
    damaging wind gusts are possible across parts of the middle
    Mississippi into lower Ohio Valleys Thursday afternoon into early
    evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    Two shortwave troughs are expected to quickly lift
    north-northeastward through the central Plains and into the Ohio
    Valley region on Thursday. The initial perturbation will reach
    Illinois/Indiana by early afternoon. The intensity of this feature
    will remain modest with perhaps some gradual weakening in time. The
    second trough will evolve in the lower Missouri Valley during the
    evening and intensify as it approaches the lower Ohio Valley by
    Friday morning. At the surface, a cyclone will deepen as it lifts
    northeastward from eastern Kansas into the Great Lakes region. At
    least partially modified Gulf moisture will advect northward ahead
    of the surface cold front from the Upper Midwest into the southern
    Plains.

    ...Lower/middle Ohio Valley...
    Ahead of the cold front, a prefrontal trough/pseudo dryline is
    expected to be the focus for convective development during the
    afternoon. The degree/quality of moisture return ahead of this
    feature will be key in terms of the overall magnitude of the severe
    threat. Current observations (Tuesday) from soundings depict a very
    modest moist layer along the Gulf coast. A modest shortwave trough
    on Tuesday night into Wednesday will lift northward too quickly for
    more substantial moisture return. The surface pattern on Thursday
    will be more robust, but deeper moisture may still not reach far
    enough north given that mid 60s F dewpoints are only as far north as
    the central Gulf currently. Guidance suggests mid to upper 50s F
    dewpoints are most probable, which does seem reasonable. That said, temperatures aloft will not be overly cold and lapse rates will not
    be overly steep. This will lead to convection that may remain
    somewhat low topped in nature. Despite limiting factors within the
    environment, 40-50 kts of effective shear roughly perpendicular to
    the boundary will favor discrete storms. Low-level flow will be
    increasing with time as well. Supercells capable of few tornadoes,
    damaging winds, and isolated large hail are possible during the afternoon/evening.

    ..Wendt.. 02/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 18 08:31:00 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 180830
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180829

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CST Wed Feb 18 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Probabilities for severe storms Friday through Friday night appear
    less than 5 percent across the U.S.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that mid/upper flow may undergo renewed
    amplification across the central into eastern mid-latitude Pacific,
    including a significant short wave trough digging south-southeast of
    the Gulf of Alaska (roughly along 140W longitude), to the east of
    building ridging across and north-northwest of the Aleutians.
    Farther east, mid-level ridging is forecast to build inland of the
    Pacific coast, with remnant larger-scale downstream troughing
    developing eastward across the Rockies through Mississippi Valley.

    An initially vigorous short wave perturbation, which earlier emerged
    from this troughing, may maintain considerable strength into the day
    Friday while progressing east-northeastward toward the lower Great
    Lakes region. However, it is still generally forecast to become
    sheared and weaken to the south of a mid-level high centered near
    southern Hudson/James Bays. As it does, the associated occluding
    cyclone is forecast to substantively weaken. It continues to appear
    that secondary surface cyclogenesis across and east-northeast of the
    Mid Atlantic region will remain subdued, and the primary trailing
    surface frontal zone probably will tend to stall near the southern
    periphery of the stronger westerlies, across parts of the Carolinas
    into the Gulf Coast states by 12Z Saturday.

    Further low-level moistening associated with return flow off the
    Gulf is probable along and south of this front. However, warm
    layers aloft, near the northwestern periphery of mid/upper
    subtropical ridging centered across the Bahamas/Caribbean, may tend
    inhibit destabilization and thunderstorm development. As mid/upper
    forcing for ascent, associated with short waves within the strong
    flow emerging from the Southwest, remains mostly to the cool side of
    the front, potential for stronger thunderstorm development seems
    likely to become focused along or just to the cool side of the
    frontal zone.

    While deep-layer shear near the front is likely to be strong and
    potentially supportive of organized thunderstorm development, the
    extent to which thermodynamic profiles become conducive to a risk
    for severe weather remains unclear. It appears that
    lower/mid-tropospheric lapse rates will be generally weak, and most
    unstable CAPE is forecast anywhere from modest to weak. At the
    present time the risk for severe thunderstorms Friday through Friday
    night appears mostly conditional, and too conditional support a
    forecast of 5 percent or greater severe probabilities. However,
    this could still change in later outlook updates for this period,
    particularly across parts of the Gulf Coast states.

    ..Kerr.. 02/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 18 19:32:32 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 181932
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 181931

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0131 PM CST Wed Feb 18 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Probabilities for severe storms Friday through Friday night appear
    less than 5 percent across the U.S.

    ...Synopsis...
    Mid-level flow will remain strong and largely zonal over the
    southern US Day 3/Friday. A pronounced shortwave trough will move
    eastward toward the Atlantic Coast as subtropical ridging slowly
    builds over the Gulf Coast. A second low-amplitude trough over the
    Southwest will eject eastward and move into the Southeast early
    Saturday. A deep surface low associated with the first trough will
    occlude over the Great Lakes as its associated cold front continues
    to surge eastward across the upper OH valley. Trailing portions of
    the front will begin to stall across the Southeast and lower MS
    Valley Friday evening.

    ...Lower MS Valley and Gulf Coast States...
    To the south of the strong southwesterly flow aloft, gradual
    moistening of the low-level air mass is likely Friday and Friday
    night along and south of the stalled front. While deep-layer ascent
    will be limited along the anticyclonic curved portion of the strong
    subtropical jet through much of the day, the approach of the
    secondary upper trough may support increased ascent late.

    As mid/upper forcing for ascent moves eastward, it is expected to
    remain mostly to the cool side of the front. Some potential for
    stronger thunderstorm development seems likely to become focused
    along or just to the cool side of the frontal zone late Friday night
    into early Saturday. Low/mid-level lapse rates and buoyancy appear
    generally weak despite strong flow aloft. Model guidance also varies significantly on destabilization and moistening near the front.
    This, along with the late arrival of the stronger forcing suggests
    that while some stronger elevated storms are possible near the
    front, the risk is too conditional to introduce probabilities.

    ...Upper OH Valley...
    As the surface low occludes, a strong cold front associated with the
    advancing upper trough will surge through portions of eastern OH and
    PA. A shallow line of weak convection is possible along the front
    owing to weak low-level moisture advection and strong ascent tied to
    the front. Largely devoid of meaningful buoyancy, little to no
    lightning is expected. Whoever, the presence of 100+ kt of mid-level
    flow could allow mixing of a few stronger wind gusts to the surface
    through the morning Friday. Minimal buoyancy and the lack of more
    robust moisture will preclude any severe probabilities.

    ..Lyons.. 02/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 19 08:31:35 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 190831
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190830

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CST Thu Feb 19 2026

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SATURDAY ACROSS
    PARTS OF SOUTHERN NORTH CAROLINA...CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN SOUTH
    CAROLINA AND GEORGIA...SOUTHERN ALABAMA AND ADJACENT PORTIONS OF THE
    NORTHERN FLORIDA PANHANDLE AND SOUTHEASTERN MISSISSIPPI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may overspread parts of the eastern Gulf and
    south Atlantic coast states Saturday, accompanied by at least some
    risk for damaging wind gusts and marginally severe hail.

    ...Discussion...
    Latest model output continues to indicate the evolution of a broad
    mid-level cyclonic circulation across the eastern mid-latitude
    Pacific by early Saturday, with a number of vigorous short wave
    perturbations pivoting around its center, generally settling near
    44N/140W. At least a couple of these may already be providing
    support for surface cyclogenesis, including one cyclone which may
    occlude while migrating around its northeastern through northern
    periphery during the day Saturday. It appears that a trailing
    cyclone may undergo substantive strengthening before occluding,
    while migrating around the eastern through northeastern periphery of
    the mid-level low Saturday through Saturday night.

    Downstream, as amplification of large-scale mid-level ridging
    proceeds Saturday across the Rockies, digging short wave
    perturbations to its east are forecast to contribute to the
    amplification of larger-scale troughing east of the middle and lower Mississippi Valley. This may be accompanied by further development
    of a frontal wave offshore of the Carolina coast by 12Z Sunday,
    while cold surface ridging builds southward through much of the
    Great Plains and Mississippi Valley.

    ...Northern Pacific coast...
    The offshore cyclogenesis may be accompanied by intensifying
    southerly lower/mid-tropospheric wind fields near northern Pacific
    coastal areas by late Saturday night, as a frontal precipitation
    band approaches or progresses a bit inland of coastal areas.
    However, with the mid-level cold core supportive of thermodynamic
    profiles conducive to thunderstorm activity likely to remain well
    offshore through this period, the potential for severe storms
    appears negligible.

    ...Southeast...
    Aided by forcing for ascent associated with low-level warm
    advection, vigorous organizing convection may be ongoing at 12Z
    Saturday, mainly near or to the cool side of the initially
    quasi-stationary frontal zone across parts of central Mississippi,
    Alabama and Georgia. As this forcing develops eastward, and daytime
    heating contributes to modest boundary-layer destabilization to the south/southeast of the front, there appears potential for convection
    to develop and intensify to the warm side of the front, in the
    presence of strong and sheared westerly mean flow, including 30-60+
    kt in the 850-500 mb layer. This may be accompanied by further
    organization and increasing potential for strong to severe surface
    gusts while spreading toward the Carolina/Georgia coast and northern
    Florida through early Saturday evening. It is possible that severe probabilities could be increased further in later outlook updates
    for this period.

    ..Kerr.. 02/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 19 19:27:13 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 191927
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 191926

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0126 PM CST Thu Feb 19 2026

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE GULF COAST AND CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may overspread parts of the eastern Gulf and
    south Atlantic coast states Saturday, accompanied by at least some
    risk for damaging wind gusts and marginally severe hail.

    ...Gulf Coast and Carolinas...
    A stalled frontal zone across parts of the Southeast will begin to
    move southeastward as an initial shortwave trough over the lower MS
    Valley and Southeast amplifies. Aided by additional troughing
    upstream over the central and northern Plains, flow aloft will
    intensify and turn northwesterly helping to deepen a surface cyclone
    along the frontal zone over GA and SC. The increased mid-level
    ascent and strengthening frontal forcing will move eastward into
    parts of the Gulf Coast and southern Carolinas Saturday afternoon.
    With dewpoints in the mid 60s F, some destabilization is expected
    with daytime heating. Poor mid-level lapse rate suggest buoyancy
    will be relatively modest, but sufficient for scattered storm
    development across central AL/GA and the southern Carolinas.

    Ongoing elevated storms early Saturday morning should persist and
    move southeastward with additional development expected ahead of the
    front through the afternoon. Strong mostly unidirectional westerly
    flow will likely support some organization into bands or clusters.
    Damaging gusts appear to be the most likely threat, though hail and
    a brief tornado are possible given the moist surface conditions and
    supercell shear profiles. Convection should gradually weaken as the
    front approaches the coast later Saturday evening and large-scale
    ascent lifts away to the northeast.

    ..Lyons.. 02/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 20 07:49:19 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 200749
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200747

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0147 AM CST Fri Feb 20 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible across portions of the Florida
    Peninsula during the day on Sunday. A couple of lightning strikes
    will also be possible across the Outer Banks of North Carolina.

    ... Discussion ...

    The mid-level pattern will undergo amplification on Sunday as a
    strong mid-level low/trough dives southeast from the mid-Mississippi
    Valley to off the North Carolina coast and takes on a neutral to
    negative tilt. A surface low off the Carolina coast will deepen
    rapidly in response to the intensifying large-scale ascent.
    Northerly winds on the west side of the deepening surface low will
    drive a surface cold front south through the Florida Peninsula,
    potentially clearing south Florida by Monday morning. Modest
    instability (~500 J/kg) across the central peninsula may support
    isolated thunderstorms on Sunday, although warm mid-level
    temperatures should temper the overall thunderstorm
    potential/coverage.

    Elsewhere, an isolated lightning strike or two will be possible
    across the Outer Banks of North Carolina as the surface low rapidly
    deepens and an intensifying warm conveyor belt results in elevated
    instability developing to the west/northwest of the surface low.

    Additionally, a few lightning strikes may occur along and off the
    coast of the Pacific Northwest as the next upper-trough approaches.
    However, coverage should remain sparse enough to preclude the need
    for delineation.

    ..Marsh.. 02/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 20 19:27:54 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 201927
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 201926

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0126 PM CST Fri Feb 20 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible across portions of the Florida
    Peninsula during the day on Sunday. A couple of lightning strikes
    will also be possible across the Outer Banks of North Carolina.

    ...Discussion...
    Mid-level flow will amplify Sunday as a trough deepens over the far Southeastern US states and Atlantic Coast. An associated surface low
    will move off the NC coast and deepen rapidly. This will drive a
    cold front southward across the FL Peninsula early Sunday morning.
    Modest moisture advection ahead of the front could support a few
    thunderstorms through midday Sunday. Additional storms are possible
    along the sea breeze in south FL. However, drying/warming mid-levels
    and large-scale subsidence south of the deepening trough should
    temper the overall convective intensity such that no severe weather
    is expected.

    Elsewhere, an isolated lightning strike or two will be possible
    across the Outer Banks of North Carolina as the surface low rapidly
    deepens and an intensifying warm conveyor belt results in elevated
    instability developing to the west/northwest of the surface low.

    Additionally, very isolated lightning is possible off the Pacific
    Coast of WA and northern OR. Strong ascent and some moisture
    advection increase with the next upper-trough. However, coverage
    should remain sparse enough to preclude the need for delineation.

    ..Lyons.. 02/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 21 08:01:29 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 210801
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210800

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0200 AM CST Sat Feb 21 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected across the United States on Monday.

    ... Discussion ...

    As the East Coast cyclone departs on Monday, a cool, dry airmass
    will settle over much of the country, suppressing thunderstorm
    activity.

    ..Marsh.. 02/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 21 19:20:05 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 211919
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 211918

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0118 PM CST Sat Feb 21 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected across the United States on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Mid-level troughing will intensify rapidly over the Eastern US,
    helping deepen a significant surface cyclone off the New England
    Coast. At the same time, ridging will build over the western and
    central US. As the mid-level pattern amplifies, a strong cold front
    associated with the East Coast low will sweep offshore scouring
    low-level moisture from much of the continent. In its wake, a cool
    and dry air mass will settle over much of the country, suppressing
    thunderstorm activity.

    ..Lyons.. 02/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Feb 22 07:58:07 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 220758
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220757

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0157 AM CST Sun Feb 22 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected across the United States.

    ... Discussion ...

    The upper-air pattern will deamplify somewhat on Tuesday as a
    mid-level trough moving onshore in the Pacific Northwest helps break
    down the western ridge. The result should be broad northwest flow
    across much of the US. At the surface, in response to this northwest
    flow, troughing will develop in the lee of nearly the entirety of
    the US Rocky Mountains. Southerly winds to the east of this trough
    will begin drawing moisture northward into the Southern Plains.

    Given the limited moisture across the central and eastern US, and
    the saturated, instability deprived forecast soundings associated
    with the expected moist, onshore/upslope flow across California,
    thunderstorms are currently not anticipated on Tuesday.

    ..Marsh.. 02/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Feb 22 18:43:40 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 221843
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 221842

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1242 PM CST Sun Feb 22 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm potential appears low on Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A vigorous mid/upper-level shortwave trough is forecast to move
    southeastward from the northern Plains into the Great Lakes and Ohio
    Valley on Tuesday. This system will be accompanied by a deepening
    surface low and trailing cold front. While this system may be
    accompanied by shallow/weak convection, very meager
    moisture/instability should limit thunderstorm potential.

    Upstream, a mid/upper-level shortwave trough will move into parts of
    the Pacific Northwest, helping to dampen an upper ridge that will
    initially be in place over the region. Rain and gusty winds will
    accompany this system across coastal OR and northern CA, but
    thunderstorm potential appears low due to negligible instability.

    ..Dean.. 02/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Feb 23 07:53:44 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 230753
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230752

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0152 AM CST Mon Feb 23 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible late Wednesday night into early
    Thursday morning across portions of the Ozarks east into the
    Tennessee Valley.

    ... Discussion ...

    A fast moving, positively tilted shortwave trough embedded in the
    broad northwest flow across the US will move from the Interior
    Pacific Northwest to Iowa/Missouri during the forecast period. At
    the surface, southerly winds to the east of a broad lee trough will
    begin drawing warm air and Gulf moisture northward through the day
    on Wednesday, ultimately aiding the development of a
    northwest-to-southeast oriented warm front stretching from Nebraska
    to Alabama/Georgia.

    In response to the approaching shortwave trough, southwesterly
    low-level winds will strengthen across Texas into the Ohio Valley
    overnight Wednesday into Thursday. Precipitation will likely develop
    in response to this increasing moist isentropic ascent. Forecast
    soundings from the Ozarks into the Tennessee Valley indicate
    sufficient moistening just above the boundary layer to support up to
    500 J/kg of elevated instability and the potential for a few
    thunderstorms. As of now, the weak instability should limit any
    severe threat with these elevated storms.

    ..Marsh.. 02/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Feb 23 19:06:19 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 231906
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 231905

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0105 PM CST Mon Feb 23 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible late Wednesday night into early
    Thursday morning across portions of the Ozarks east into the
    Tennessee Valley.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A shortwave trough is forecast to progress quickly from the Pacific
    Northwest in the central Plains/Mid MO Valley on Wednesday, moving
    within the broadly cyclonic upper flow expected to be in place
    across the CONUS. Deepening surface lee troughing is anticipated
    ahead of this wave, with cyclogenesis eventually yielding a low that
    progresses across the TX Panhandle during the evening and along the
    Red River overnight.

    A moistening warm sector will precede this surface low and its
    parent shortwave, with mid 50s dewpoints reaching across much of
    eastern OK and southern/central AR by early Thursday morning. 60s
    dewpoints will likely remain confined farther south along the TX
    Coast, with warm temperatures aloft precluding deep convection
    throughout the warm sector. However, strengthening low to mid-level
    flow is anticipated throughout the warm sector, resulting in
    moderate to strong warm-air advection across the frontal zone
    extending northeastward from the Red River surface low. Showers and
    a few thunderstorms are possible across the Mid-South and TN Valley
    as limited but sufficient buoyancy develops amid the moistening low
    to mid-levels and cool temperatures aloft. A few thunderstorms are
    also possible immediately ahead of a weak triple point low farther
    west in the vicinity of the confluence of the MS and OH rivers.

    ..Mosier.. 02/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Feb 24 08:31:23 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 240831
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240830

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CST Tue Feb 24 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible across portions of the Southeast on
    Thursday, the strongest of which may be capable of producing a
    couple of strong wind gusts.

    ... Discussion ...

    The upper-air pattern across the United States will remain best
    characterized by broad, fast, northwest flow for most of the
    forecast period. Within this flow, the primary focus will be on a
    shortwave trough forecast to drop southward from the mid-Missouri
    Valley into the Southeast. Recent guidance suggests trend toward a
    weaker, more dampened trough as it dives south of the main belt of
    mid-level flow.

    In response to this weaker, more detached forcing, a surface low is
    forecast to develop much farther south than originally anticipated,
    likely across the lower Mississippi Valley and northern Gulf Coast
    states. Recent model trends indicate this cyclone will not develop
    as deeply, resulting in a notably weaker low-level wind field across
    the warm sector. Consequently, the associated surface cold front
    appears likely to merely sag southward rather than being dynamically
    driven, as the lack of robust cyclogenesis and a weaker trough limit
    frontal acceleration.

    Despite weaker forcing and diminished convergence along the sagging
    front, some guidance suggests that buoyancy profiles may be slightly
    improved compared to previous outlooks, though they remain meager
    overall. Moisture return should yield surface dewpoints in the 50Fs
    to low 60Fs, which may support a narrow, forced convective band.
    Kinematically, forecast soundings indicate that low-level curvature
    is less than previously forecast, limiting the localized tornado
    potential, but hodographs remain quite long due to the persistence
    of stronger flow aloft. This maintains sufficient deep-layer shear
    for organized linear structures capable of isolated damaging wind
    gusts. However, given the weakening trends in forcing and low-level
    kinematics, confidence remains too low to introduce unconditional 5%
    severe probabilities at this time.

    ..Marsh.. 02/24/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Feb 24 19:18:56 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 241918
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 241918

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0118 PM CST Tue Feb 24 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible across portions of the Southeast on
    Thursday, the strongest of which may be capable of producing a
    couple of strong wind gusts.

    ...Synopsis...
    A weak frontal boundary will drift southward across the TN Valley
    into the Southeast on Thursday as a low-amplitude, positively tilted
    mid-level trough overspreads the MS Valley. Cooler temperatures
    aloft will gradually overspread the warm sector through the day over
    the Southeast, characterized by modest low-level moisture. Tall,
    thin buoyancy profiles in forecast soundings suggest that MLCAPE
    should remain at or below 500 J/kg in most places. Low-level WAA
    atop the southward sagging surface frontal boundary should serve as
    the impetus for isolated instances of convective initiation by
    Thursday evening. Strong westerly flow aloft will yield straight,
    elongated hodographs, so a couple of strong wind gusts cannot be
    ruled out with the more organized storms. However, modest buoyancy
    and forcing for ascent suggest that any severe threat that
    materializes, while technically non-zero, will be too sparse for the introduction of severe probabilities this outlook.

    ..Squitieri.. 02/24/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 25 08:26:28 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 250826
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250825

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CST Wed Feb 25 2026

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible across the Southeast on Friday.
    Organized severe thunderstorms are not expected.

    ... Discussion ...

    Showers and a few thunderstorms will likely be ongoing at the start
    of the forecast period across portions of the Southeast along and
    south of a slow moving surface front. These showers and
    thunderstorms will likely be aided by a modest low-level
    jet/warm-air advection regime. These thunderstorms will persist into
    early Friday afternoon within a moist, uncapped environment and
    broad troughing aloft. Meager instability (on the order of less than
    500 J/kg), decreasing convergence along the surface front, and
    generally weakening kinematic field should preclude any organized
    severe potential.

    ..Marsh.. 02/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 25 19:21:33 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 251921
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 251920

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0120 PM CST Wed Feb 25 2026

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    General thunderstorms are likely over parts of the Southeast on
    Friday. Severe thunderstorms are not currently forecast.

    ...Synopsis...
    A shortwave trough will move from the southern Plains toward the
    northern Gulf of America on Friday, with cooling aloft overspreading
    much of the Southeast. At the surface, a prominent ridge will extend
    from the Mid Atlantic across the TN and into the lower MS Valley,
    with a cold front roughly from SC into LA.

    Near this front, rain and a few thunderstorms are likely to be
    ongoing from southern LA/MS/AL/GA into northern FL Friday morning.
    While clouds and precipitation may hamper heating, at least a few
    hundred J/kg MLCAPE appears likely given lower 60s F dewpoints and a
    plume of low-level theta-e extending out of the northern Gulf and
    across the FL Panhandle/southern AL/southern GA.

    Given questionable destabilization and relatively weak boundary
    layer winds, potential for isolated strong/severe storms are not
    currently depicted.

    ..Jewell.. 02/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 26 08:31:06 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 260831
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260830

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CST Thu Feb 26 2026

    Valid 281200Z - 011200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible across the Florida Peninsula and
    across northern California and southern Oregon on Saturday.
    Additional thunderstorms may be possible across the Southern Plains
    early Sunday morning.

    ... Discussion ...

    A low-amplitude ridge across the Great Basin/Southwest and broad
    troughing across the eastern US will result in a continuation of the
    persistent northwest flow regime across the central US. To the west,
    moist southwesterly flow across northern California and southern
    Oregon will slowly shift south as a Pacific low approaches the
    coast.

    At the surface, a weak front will sag south across the Florida
    peninsula, while a return to southerly winds across the southern
    Plains will initiate low-level moisture return into Oklahoma.
    Coincident, an arctic front will push south through the central
    Plains into the southern Plains as an arctic high builds into the
    upper Midwest.

    ... Florida Peninsula ...

    A remnant frontal boundary will linger across the central Florida
    peninsula, where conditions will remain favorable for at least
    isolated thunderstorms. To the south of the front, surface
    temperatures should warm into the upper-60Fs to low-70Fs with
    surface dewpoints in the low-to-mid-60Fs. This should yield MUCAPE
    between 1000-1500 J/kg.

    While forecast hodographs are expected to lengthen as compared to
    the prior day, supporting some storm organization, several limiting
    factors exist. Weak mid-level lapse rates and poor low-level
    convergence cast doubt on the overall coverage of thunderstorm
    development. Additionally, forecast soundings suggest subsidence
    across portions of the peninsula during peak heating, which would
    further limit convective development.

    ... Northern California and Southern Oregon ...

    Moist southwesterly advection will increase/persist ahead of an
    approaching Pacific trough. Although instability is rather limited,
    it does appear to be non-zero. The combination of a moistening
    troposphere, increased ascent with the approaching trough, and
    non-zero instability may support a couple of thunderstorms.

    ... Southern Plains ...

    Moist warm-air advection is anticipated to become established
    Saturday night as a southerly low-level jet develops across the
    Plains. Increasing moisture return will drive surface dewpoints
    perhaps as high as the upper-50Fs or even low-60Fs. As the arctic
    front slows and encounters this moistening airmass, elevated
    thunderstorms are expected to develop within the warm-air advection
    regime.

    Kinematic profiles will feature very long hodographs and would
    support updraft organization with potential for at least marginally
    severe hail. However, this threat is highly conditioned on the
    quality and magnitude of the moisture return. At this time will
    defer the introduction of hail probabilities to subsequent outlooks.
    However, if upper-50F dewpoints are realized, enough elevated
    instability may develop to support the introduction of hail
    probabilities at a later time.

    ..Marsh.. 02/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 26 19:28:09 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 261928
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 261926

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0126 PM CST Thu Feb 26 2026

    Valid 281200Z - 011200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible across the Florida Peninsula and
    across northern California and southern Oregon on Saturday.
    Additional thunderstorms may be possible across the Southern Plains
    Saturday evening into early Sunday morning.

    ...Synopsis...
    A persistent northwest flow regime will continue across the CONUS
    well into the weekend with continued upper ridging over the
    Southwest/West Coast and the maintenance of a long-wave trough over
    the East. Within this flow regime, several embedded disturbances
    will support areas of convection, namely over the Florida Peninsula
    and across northern California and adjacent portions of OR and NV.
    Isolated thunderstorms are also possible across parts of the
    southern Plains into the Ozark Plateau within a low-level warm
    advection regime.

    ...FL Peninsula...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms appear likely through the day
    along the FL Peninsula as ascent associated with a de-amplifying
    upper wave persists over a buoyant and weakly capped environment.
    Although some hodograph elongation is noted in recent forecast
    soundings, confidence in updraft intensity is limited due to modest
    mid-level lapse rates and weak low-level convergence/forcing for
    ascent. Any appreciable severe threat would most likely manifest
    along the FL east coast where sea-breeze convergence may focus
    thunderstorm development, but confidence in this potential is too
    limited at this time for risk probabilities.

    ...Oklahoma into the Ozark Plateau...
    Zonal flow across the central Rockies will promote steady lee
    troughing along the High Plains through late Saturday night. In
    response, warm/moist air advection is expected to increase through
    the lowest few kilometers as a plume of low to mid-50s dewpoints
    spreads north into OK within a southerly flow regime. Isentropic
    ascent within a weak deformation zone at around 850 mb will likely
    be the impetus for thunderstorm development within the destabilizing
    air mass by Saturday evening. The quality of moisture
    return/destabilization remains uncertain due to notable spread in
    guidance, which lends low confidence in overall storm coverage and
    intensity at this time. However, thunder probabilities were maintained/introduced where agreement between long-range ensembles
    and extended-range CAMs appears greatest.

    ...Northern CA into OR and NV...
    A shortwave trough is forecast to crest the axis of the persistent
    upper ridge in place along the CA coast. Cold mid-level temperatures
    under the upper low coupled with an influx of Pacific moisture
    through a deep layer should support convective elements within
    broader precipitation bands. Forecast soundings suggest buoyancy
    profiles will remain too limited to support intense convection,
    which should preclude a severe threat.

    ..Moore.. 02/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 27 07:54:11 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 270754
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270753

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0153 AM CST Fri Feb 27 2026

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible on Sunday across parts of south
    Florida, the southern and central Plains, and in northern
    California.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A subtle mid-level trough is forecast to move eastward across the
    Florida Peninsula on Sunday, as a diffuse cold front stalls in
    south-central Florida. Thunderstorms will be possible near the front
    in the afternoon. Further west into the southern and central Plains, thunderstorms will be possible as surface temperatures warm during
    the day near and to the north of a front from parts of Oklahoma
    northward into Kansas and southwest Missouri. Finally, isolated
    diurnal storms will also be possible on Sunday in parts of northern
    California. No severe threat is expected across the continental U.S.
    Sunday and Sunday night.

    ..Broyles.. 02/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 27 19:19:42 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 271919
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 271918

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0118 PM CST Fri Feb 27 2026

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible on Sunday across parts of south
    Florida, the southern and central Plains, and in northern
    California.

    ...Synopsis...
    The mean northwesterly flow regime currently over the CONUS will
    gradually begin to shift east through the late weekend and into
    early next week as a somewhat more potent upper-level wave
    approaches the West Coast. Cooling temperatures aloft associated
    with the approaching upper wave will support adequate buoyancy for
    isolated thunderstorms across CA and into OR, NV, and parts of
    southwest ID late Sunday afternoon into the evening hours. Further
    east, strengthening mid-level flow across the central Rockies will
    promote weak lee cyclogenesis in proximity to a residual baroclinic
    zone across the southern Plains. An uptick in low-level winds will
    augment isentropic upglide over the frontal zone across OK into
    eastern KS, southwest MO, and northwest AR. Strong mid-level winds
    atop strong veering in the lowest few kilometers will conditionally
    support organized convection; however, most guidance suggests
    buoyancy profiles will remain fairly limited (less than 500 J/kg
    MUCAPE per GEFS/ECENS output) due to meager moisture quality. This
    limits confidence in any severe threat at this time. Isolated
    thunderstorms may linger across southern FL where an unstable, but
    weakly capped, environment should be in place as a weak frontal
    boundary drifts south.

    ..Moore.. 02/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 28 08:10:17 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 280810
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280809

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0209 AM CST Sat Feb 28 2026

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible on Monday across parts of the central
    U.S. and from the Intermountain West into the central Rockies.

    ...Western Oklahoma/Eastern Texas Panhandle/Far Southern Kansas...
    A positively tilted mid-level trough will move eastward across
    southern California on Monday. A fetch of mid-level
    west-southwesterly flow will be in place from the Desert Southwest
    into the south-central U.S. At the surface, moisture advection
    within south to southeasterly flow will continue across the southern
    and central Plains. As surface temperatures warm during the day, an
    axis of moderate instability is forecast to develop across
    west-central and northwest Texas. This instability should spread
    northward across the eastern Texas Panhandle and western Oklahoma
    during the early to mid evening. Although weak low-level convergence
    should be in place near the instability axis, forecast soundings
    suggest that a strong capping inversion will inhibit convective
    development Monday evening. Although there may be a low-end
    conditional threat, will hold off an introducing a threat area due
    the strong capping inversion that is forecast. Further northeast,
    elevated storms are expected to develop after midnight from
    north-central Kansas into western Missouri, along the northern edge
    of a pronounced 40 to 50 knot low-level jet.

    ..Broyles.. 02/28/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 28 19:07:50 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 281907
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 281906

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0106 PM CST Sat Feb 28 2026

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible on Monday and Monday night across
    parts of the central U.S. and from the Intermountain West into the
    central Rockies.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad fetch of isentropic ascent will likely become established
    across the central U.S. Monday through Monday night as
    south/southwesterly 925-850 mb winds gradually increase in response
    to the approach of an upper wave from the West. While buoyancy
    profiles will likely be fairly modest due to poor mid-level lapse
    rates, adequate low-level moistening should take place to support
    isolated elevated thunderstorms from the southern Plains northward
    into the mid-MS River Valley. Although surface-based buoyancy should
    be maximized across western TX in proximity to a meandering dry
    line/lee trough and south of a weak front, very warm temperatures at
    850 mb/strong capping will subdue convective potential. Across the Intermountain West, cold temperatures aloft associated with the
    upper wave should support isolated lightning flashes.

    ..Moore.. 02/28/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 1 08:21:53 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 010821
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010820

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0220 AM CST Sun Mar 01 2026

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms will be possible from Tuesday
    into Tuesday night from parts of the southern and central Plains
    eastward into the mid Mississippi Valley. Isolated storms may also
    develop in south Florida.

    ...Southern and Central Plains/Mid Mississippi Valley...
    At mid-levels, a shortwave ridge will move eastward into the Ozarks
    on Tuesday, as flow becomes southwesterly over the south-central
    U.S. Further west, an upper-level trough will move through the Four
    Corners region. At the surface, a moist airmass with surface
    dewpoints in the 50s and 60s F will advect northward across the
    southern Plains and Arklatex. A cold front will move southeastward
    into the central Plains. To the south of the front, an axis of
    instability is forecast to develop in the afternoon from northwest
    Texas into southeast Kansas and the northern Ozarks. The airmass is
    expected to be capped across much of Texas and Oklahoma, although an
    elevated storm or two will be possible Tuesday night. The greatest
    chance for storms will be from eastern Kansas into the northern
    Ozarks, where convective development will be aided by lift
    associated with the exit region of a 40 to 50 knot low-level jet.
    Considerable variance exists among the model solutions concerning
    instability, suggesting that any severe threat will be highly
    conditional. If moisture return ends up being greater than is
    currently forecast, a marginal severe threat may need to be added in
    later outlooks.

    ..Broyles.. 03/01/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 1 19:25:54 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 011925
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 011924

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0124 PM CST Sun Mar 01 2026

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS NORTHERN
    OKLAHOMA INTO SOUTHERN AND EASTERN KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms, including the potential for a
    few severe thunderstorms, are anticipated Tuesday evening into
    Tuesday night from parts of the southern and central Plains eastward
    into the mid Mississippi Valley. Isolated storms may also develop in
    south Florida.

    ...Synopsis...
    The upper wave currently off the northern CA coast will begin
    ejecting into the Plains through the day Tuesday, reaching the
    mid-Missouri River Valley by early Wednesday morning. At the
    surface, a stalled frontal boundary draped across OK will advance
    northward through the day in response to lee
    cyclogenesis/strengthening southerly flow. Northward moisture return
    into OK and southern KS will occur through the day, which should
    help increase buoyancy along and south of the frontal zone. A
    southward surge of the front is expected after 00z across KS and
    into northwest OK as the surface low develops northeastward in
    tandem with broad-scale ascent associated with the upper trough.
    Most 00z and 12z ensemble solutions depict moderate (40-60%) chances
    for precipitation across northern OK into southern and eastern KS
    between 00-06 UTC as the front pushes southeast. Forecast soundings
    from this region depict sufficient MUCAPE for deep convection, and
    strong flow aloft should provide adequate wind shear for organized thunderstorms with an attendant large hail, and possibly wind,
    threat. Confidence in the degree of destabilization remains somewhat
    low with NAM-based solutions depicting considerable capping and
    drier/cooler conditions overall. However, the ensemble QPF signal
    along the front coupled with reasonable potential for adequate
    buoyancy/shear for organized storms and convective signals in
    extended-range CAMs warrants at least low severe probabilities.

    ..Moore.. 03/01/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 2 08:25:30 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 020825
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 020824

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 AM CST Mon Mar 02 2026

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS AND WESTERN OZARKS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms with large hail and damaging wind gusts will be
    possible on Wednesday from the southern Plains into the western
    Ozarks. Marginally severe storms will be possible from the northern
    Ozarks into the Ohio Valley.

    ...Southern Plains/Western Ozarks...
    At mid-levels, a shortwave trough will move into the southern and
    central Plains on Wednesday. At the surface, a cold front will
    advance southeastward into the southern Plains and western Ozarks.
    Ahead of the front, surface dewpoints will be in the 60s F. As
    surface temperatures warm during the day across this moist airmass,
    pockets of moderate instability appear likely to develop from
    north-central and northeast Texas into southeastern Oklahoma and
    western Arkansas. As low-level convergence increases near the front
    in the afternoon, scattered thunderstorms are expected to form.
    Isolated thunderstorms will also be possible to the south and east
    of the front over the warm sector. Forecast soundings at 21Z from
    northeast Texas into western Arkansas have MLCAPE peaking in the
    1200 to 1500 J/kg range, with 0-6 km shear around 40 knots. In
    addition, 700 to 500 mb lapse rates are forecast to be in the 7.5 to
    8 C/km range. This environment will support severe thunderstorms in
    the afternoon and evening, with a potential for large hail and
    severe wind gusts, and perhaps a tornado threat. The severe threat
    will be maximized in areas with supercell development. The severe
    threat will likely persist into the late evening as a low-level jet strengthens.

    ...Northern Ozarks/Mid Mississippi and Ohio Valleys...
    West-southwesterly mid-level flow will be located from the mid
    Mississippi Valley eastward into the Ohio Valley on Wednesday. At
    the surface, a low will move eastward from northern Missouri into
    north-central Illinois during the day. A warm front will advance
    northward across Illinois, Indiana and Ohio. To the south of the
    warm front, surface dewpoints in the 50s F will contribute to the
    development of weak instability. Along the instability axis, a 30 to
    40 knot low-level jet is forecast to consolidate over the Ohio
    Valley in the afternoon and evening. Lift associated with the
    low-level jet will support the formation of isolated to scattered thunderstorms. Effective shear near 40 knots and 700-500 mb lapse
    rates around 7.5 C/km should be favorable for a marginal severe
    threat. Hail and isolated severe wind gusts will be possible.

    ..Broyles.. 03/02/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 2 19:26:34 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 021926
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 021925

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0125 PM CST Mon Mar 02 2026

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTH TX TO
    WESTERN AR...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms may occur from
    mid-afternoon to evening Wednesday, centered on parts of north Texas
    to western Arkansas. Large hail should be the primary hazard.

    ...Synopsis...
    A lower-amplitude shortwave impulse will gradually move from the
    central Great Plains to the Mid/Lower MO Valley, while a much more
    amplified trough digs across the West. Surface cyclone reflection
    will be nebulous in association with the lead wave, along a front
    that should be quasi-stationary on Wednesday afternoon/evening. The
    trailing portion of this front will advance north as a warm front in
    west TX, downstream of the amplified wave in the West.

    ...Central TX to western AR...
    Initially steep mid-level lapse rates in conjunction with further boundary-layer moistening in the warm sector ahead of the front
    should yield a broad plume of moderate MLCAPE from 1000-2000 J/kg by mid-afternoon across much of central/eastern TX into eastern OK.
    Weak mid-level height falls trailing from the NE/KS shortwave trough
    and adequate convergence along the quasi-stationary should support
    increasing convective development towards late afternoon. Deep-layer
    shear with southern extent in TX will be weak owing to the
    compactness of the jetlet attendant to the aforementioned trough.
    Effective bulk shear should commonly hold around 15-25 kts. Shear
    values will increase north of the Red River, but remain modest
    relative to early spring climo. Transient supercell structures that
    evolve into mainly multicell clusters are the anticipated modes. At
    least isolated severe hail is anticipated, primarily in the
    mid-afternoon to early evening, before organized cellular structures
    diminish. The paucity of cyclogenesis/stronger deep-layer shear and
    modest large-scale ascent may help marginalize the overall severe
    threat.

    ...Ozarks to the Lower OH Valley...
    Multiple rounds of convective potential are expected through the
    period. Elevated storms should be ongoing on Wednesday morning and
    will help define the northern extent of any surface-based
    destabilization into the Mid-MS/Lower OH Valleys. The degree of
    warm-sector insolation is questionable with potential for repeated
    convective regeneration ahead of the KS/NE shortwave trough.
    Conditionally, moderately favorable deep-layer shear could support a
    few supercells and/or linear clusters near the quasi-stationary
    front. As such, a swath of low severe probabilities remains
    warranted, mainly from mid-afternoon into the evening Wednesday.

    ..Grams.. 03/02/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 3 08:32:06 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 030832
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030830

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CST Tue Mar 03 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected Thursday afternoon and
    evening across parts of the southern and central Plains. Large hail,
    isolated severe gusts and a tornado or two will be possible.
    Marginally severe storms may also develop from Thursday evening into
    the overnight across the central Plains and mid Missouri Valley.

    ...Great Plains/Mid Missouri Valley...
    At mid-levels, flow will become southwesterly across the Great
    Plains on Thursday, as a strong low pressure system moves though the Intermountain West. At the surface, a low will deepen across eastern
    Colorado, as south-southeasterly flow strengthens across the
    southern and central Plains. Low-level moisture will advect
    northward across Oklahoma, northwest Texas and the Texas Panhandle
    during the afternoon. A dryline is forecast to develop across west
    Texas as a thermal/instability axis sets up over west-central Texas.
    Scattered storms are expected to initiate near the dryline on the
    Caprock in the late afternoon, moving eastward into the southern
    Plains during the early evening. As moisture advection continues,
    additional storms should develop further north into far southern
    Kansas during the evening.

    Late afternoon forecast soundings in west Texas from Big Spring to
    Childress have 0-6 km shear near 40 knots, MLCAPE around 1500 J/kg,
    and 700-500 mb lapse rates near 7.5 C/km. This will be favorable for
    supercells with large hail and isolated severe wind gusts. A tornado
    threat, along with hailstones greater than 2 inches in diameter will
    be possible with the most intense cells. The storms are expected to
    move eastward into western Oklahoma and the Lower Rolling Plains of
    northwest Texas during the evening, with additional cells developing
    across southern Kansas. The strengthening low-level jet will help
    sustain a threat for hail and severe gusts.

    Further north across the central Plains and mid Missouri Valley,
    moisture and instability will gradually increase during the evening
    as a low-level jet strengthens. Scattered elevated storms are
    expected to develop near the low-level jet around midnight and
    should increase in coverage during the overnight period. MUCAPE in
    the 500 to 1000 J/kg range, along with 700-500 mb lapse rates in the
    7 to 8 C/km range should be favorable for hail. The severe threat is
    expected to persist through late in the period.

    ..Broyles.. 03/03/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 3 19:28:10 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 031928
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 031927

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0127 PM CST Tue Mar 03 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THURSDAY AFTERNOON
    INTO THURSDAY NIGHT FROM WEST TEXAS INTO SOUTHWEST/CENTRAL KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected Thursday afternoon and
    into Thursday night from west Texas into Kansas. Large hail appears
    to be the main threat, though a couple of tornadoes and isolated
    severe gusts will also be possible.

    ...Southern/central Plains Thursday afternoon/night...
    Amplification of a midlevel trough is expected near the Four Corners
    Thursday into Thursday night, as a downstream lee cyclone deepens
    across eastern CO. The deepening cyclone will draw moisture
    northward from TX across the southern/central Plains through early
    Friday in the developing warm sector. The lee trough/dryline will
    be located near or just west of the KS/CO and TX/NM borders by late
    afternoon as the cyclone deepens in place. Surface heating in cloud
    breaks could allow sufficient vertical mixing to weaken convective
    inhibition and allow isolated thunderstorm development along and
    just east of the dryline by late afternoon across the TX
    Panhandle/South Plains into southwest KS. The storm environment
    will conditionally favor supercells capable of producing large hail
    near or just in excess of 2 inches in diameter. The tornado threat
    will be a little greater by early evening as low-level shear
    increases and near 60 F dewpoints surge northward from OK into KS,
    though the tornado threat will depend on a supercell or two
    persisting into late evening.

    Otherwise, elevated convection will spread northeastward Thursday
    night as the low-level jet and associated warm/moist advection
    increase. Steep midlevel lapse rates will support the potential for
    large hail with the overnight convection as far north as NE/IA.

    ..Thompson.. 03/03/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 4 08:29:44 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 040829
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040828

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CST Wed Mar 04 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS INTO THE LOWER TO MID MISSOURI
    VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms with large hail, severe wind gusts and tornadoes are
    expected on Friday and Friday night across parts of the southern and
    central Plains, northward into the lower to mid Missouri Valley. A
    severe threat is also expected over parts of Ozarks, mid Mississippi
    Valley, and mid to upper Mississippi Valley from the evening into
    the overnight.

    ...Southern and Central Plains/Lower and Mid Missouri Valley...
    A strong upper-level trough will move northeastward across the
    central High Plains on Friday, as an associated mid-level jet
    translates northeastward across the central Plains. At the surface,
    a cold front will advance southeastward across the central Plains
    and southern High Plains during the afternoon. Ahead of the front,
    surface dewpoints will be in the lower to mid 60s F. As surface
    temperatures warm, moderate instability will develop over much of
    the moist sector by midday. Increasing low-level convergence along
    the front, and across parts of the moist sector will result in
    convective initiation during the mid to late afternoon. Scattered
    thunderstorms are forecast to develop and move east-northeastward
    toward the instability axis, where strong low-level flow be
    maximized. This will result in a substantial severe threat from late
    afternoon into the evening from the southern and central Plains north-northeastward into the lower to mid Missouri Valley.

    A well-defined 65 to 85 knot mid-level jet is forecast to move
    across the southern and central High Plains during the afternoon.
    This feature will create moderate to strong deep-layer shear over
    much of the moist sector, which will be favorable for severe storms.
    Recent runs from the ECMWF have the position of the mid-level jet
    further south during the late afternoon, which will be more
    favorably timed for a severe weather event in the southern and
    central Plains. Several NAM forecast soundings across southern and
    central Oklahoma northeastward into southeast Kansas by early
    evening have 0-6 km shear around 50 knots with 0-3 km storm relative
    helicity in the 300 to 400 m2/s2 range. Low-level shear will be
    strong due to a focused 850 mb jet forecast to develop over eastern
    Oklahoma. This will support a threat for supercells with strong
    tornadoes. In addition to the instability and shear, steep low to
    mid-level lapse rates will also be in place supporting a large hail
    and wind-damage threat. Hailstones greater than 2 inches in diameter
    will be possible with the more intense supercells. The potential for
    supercells with tornadoes and large to very large hail will extend
    as far north as the Kansas City Metro, where a secondary low-level
    jet is forecast to develop early Friday evening. The severe threat
    should persist from the evening into the overnight period, as
    multiple supercell clusters gradually congeal into a severe line
    segment.

    ...Ozarks/Mid to Upper Mississippi Valley...
    Moisture advection will continue throughout the day on Friday into
    the evening across the mid to Upper Mississippi Valley. During the
    mid to late evening, thunderstorms will begin to spread eastward
    into the region. Surface dewpoints in the 60s F, MLCAPE in the 500
    to 1000 J/kg range, and moderate to strong deep-layer shear will be
    favorable for a severe threat. Some model forecasts suggest that an
    intense convective line will move eastward into the Ozarks and mid
    to upper Mississippi Valley during the mid to late evening. Under
    this scenario, supercells embedded in the line would be capable of
    large hail. Severe wind gusts and an isolated tornado threat will
    also be possible with the faster moving sections of the line,
    especially with bowing segments.

    ..Broyles.. 03/04/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 4 08:46:15 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 040846
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040845

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0245 AM CST Wed Mar 04 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS INTO THE LOWER TO MID MISSOURI
    VALLEY...

    CORRECTED FOR TEXT IN SUMMARY

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms with large hail, severe wind gusts and tornadoes are
    expected on Friday and Friday night across parts of the southern and
    central Plains, northward into the lower to mid Missouri Valley. A
    severe threat is also expected over parts of Ozarks, and in the mid
    to upper Mississippi Valley from the evening into the overnight.

    ...Southern and Central Plains/Lower and Mid Missouri Valley...
    A strong upper-level trough will move northeastward across the
    central High Plains on Friday, as an associated mid-level jet
    translates northeastward across the central Plains. At the surface,
    a cold front will advance southeastward across the central Plains
    and southern High Plains during the afternoon. Ahead of the front,
    surface dewpoints will be in the lower to mid 60s F. As surface
    temperatures warm, moderate instability will develop over much of
    the moist sector by midday. Increasing low-level convergence along
    the front, and across parts of the moist sector will result in
    convective initiation during the mid to late afternoon. Scattered
    thunderstorms are forecast to develop and move east-northeastward
    toward the instability axis, where strong low-level flow be
    maximized. This will result in a substantial severe threat from late
    afternoon into the evening from the southern and central Plains north-northeastward into the lower to mid Missouri Valley.

    A well-defined 65 to 85 knot mid-level jet is forecast to move
    across the southern and central High Plains during the afternoon.
    This feature will create moderate to strong deep-layer shear over
    much of the moist sector, which will be favorable for severe storms.
    Recent runs from the ECMWF have the position of the mid-level jet
    further south during the late afternoon, which will be more
    favorably timed for a severe weather event in the southern and
    central Plains. Several NAM forecast soundings across southern and
    central Oklahoma northeastward into southeast Kansas by early
    evening have 0-6 km shear around 50 knots with 0-3 km storm relative
    helicity in the 300 to 400 m2/s2 range. Low-level shear will be
    strong due to a focused 850 mb jet forecast to develop over eastern
    Oklahoma. This will support a threat for supercells with strong
    tornadoes. In addition to the instability and shear, steep low to
    mid-level lapse rates will also be in place supporting a large hail
    and wind-damage threat. Hailstones greater than 2 inches in diameter
    will be possible with the more intense supercells. The potential for
    supercells with tornadoes and large to very large hail will extend
    as far north as the Kansas City Metro, where a secondary low-level
    jet is forecast to develop early Friday evening. The severe threat
    should persist from the evening into the overnight period, as
    multiple supercell clusters gradually congeal into a severe line
    segment.

    ...Ozarks/Mid to Upper Mississippi Valley...
    Moisture advection will continue throughout the day on Friday into
    the evening across the mid to Upper Mississippi Valley. During the
    mid to late evening, thunderstorms will begin to spread eastward
    into the region. Surface dewpoints in the 60s F, MLCAPE in the 500
    to 1000 J/kg range, and moderate to strong deep-layer shear will be
    favorable for a severe threat. Some model forecasts suggest that an
    intense convective line will move eastward into the Ozarks and mid
    to upper Mississippi Valley during the mid to late evening. Under
    this scenario, supercells embedded in the line would be capable of
    large hail. Severe wind gusts and an isolated tornado threat will
    also be possible with the faster moving sections of the line,
    especially with bowing segments.

    ..Broyles.. 03/04/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 4 19:27:18 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 041927
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 041926

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0126 PM CST Wed Mar 04 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN
    KS/OK TO WESTERN MO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected from late afternoon
    Friday through Friday night from portions of the central/southern
    Great Plains to the Midwest. The most probable corridor for
    tornadoes, damaging winds, and large hail is across eastern portions
    of Kansas and Oklahoma to western Missouri.

    ...Synopsis...
    Broad upper trough over the West should split into two distinct
    impulses by Friday night. Leading shortwave trough should eject from
    the Four Corners across the central Great Plains to the Upper
    Mississippi Valley, while a backside cutoff low evolves over the
    Lower CO Valley. Lead cyclone should track from western KS vicinity
    across IA to the central Great Lakes. The dryline should mix towards
    central OK/TX through late afternoon. A surface cold front will
    accelerate southeastward across the central/southern Great Plains on
    the backside of the lead cyclone.

    ...Central/southern Great Plains into the Midwest...
    Most appreciable change this outlook has been to flatten the
    previously tight gradient to severe probabilities over the Great
    Plains. The splitting of the broad western trough and positive-tilt
    of the leading shortwave impulse suggests that surface features on
    Friday afternoon should lag westward compared to the typically
    overmixed GFS. Initial storm development should occur across central
    KS near the triple-point mesolow by mid to late afternoon. Expanding
    convective coverage is anticipated to the northeast into IA/MO and
    south into at least northern OK. Available D3 CAM guidance is much
    less robust than parameterized models with the degree of convective
    development through early evening towards the Red River and
    southward into central TX. With near-neutral mid-level height falls,
    it is plausible that convection south of the latitudinally compact
    mid-level jetlet will remain isolated. This lowers confidence in the
    southern extent of highlighted level 3-ENH risk across most of OK.

    Across eastern KS, northern OK, and western Missouri, initial
    supercells will probably grow upscale into a broader QLCS during the
    evening, with semi-discrete activity favored along the southern
    flank. Strengthening 850-700 mb southwesterlies suggest damaging
    wind and QLCS tornado potential could persist across the Mid-MS
    Valley towards the Lake MI vicinity overnight in a weak MLCAPE/high
    shear environment. Available CAM guidance does indicate a general
    alignment of QLCS with the deep-layer shear vector, suggesting of a
    sporadic severe threat mainly where embedded bowing segments/surges
    can develop.

    Farther south, storm development will become increasingly probable
    as the accelerating cold front overtakes and merges with the front
    on Friday night. Outside of frontal convergence and low-level warm
    advection atop the undercutting front in western TX, large-scale
    ascent should remain nebulous. Large hail may accompany initial
    updrafts, with severe wind/tornado potential nocturnally limited.

    ..Grams.. 03/04/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 5 08:29:20 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 050829
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050828

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CST Thu Mar 05 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN AND IN THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms will be possible on Saturday from the Texas Coastal
    Plain into western Louisiana, and in the Ohio Valley/Lower Great
    Lakes. Wind damage will be the primary threat, except in parts of
    Texas where isolated large hail could also occur. A marginal severe
    threat will also be possible across the Southeast and Tennessee
    Valley.

    ...Texas Coastal Plain/Western Louisiana...
    Mid-level west-southwesterly flow will be in place from the
    south-central U.S. to the Eastern Seaboard on Saturday. At the
    surface, a cold front will move southeastward into the Texas Coastal
    Plains and Ark-La-Tex by afternoon. Surface dewpoints ahead of the
    front will be in the 60s F, contributing to moderate instability by
    midday. Thunderstorms are expected to form along the front early in
    the day and steadily increase in coverage. A large complex of storms
    is forecast to move southeastward across the Texas Coastal Plain and
    the Sabine River Valley during the afternoon and evening. Model
    forecasts suggest that 0-6 km shear will generally range from 30 to
    35 knots, and that lapse rates will be steep in the low-levels. This
    should be favorable for a wind-damage threat with intense line
    segments that form ahead of the front. A few supercells with large
    hail and wind damage may also develop further southwest into the
    southern Texas Hill Country, where forecast soundings have stronger
    deep-layer shear. During the evening, the severe threat should move
    offshore from the middle and upper Texas into the Gulf.

    ...Ohio and Tennessee Valleys/Southern and Central Appalachians...
    At mid-levels on Saturday, a shortwave trough will move eastward
    across the north-central U.S., as an associated jet streak
    translates through the Great Lakes. At the surface, a front will
    advance eastward across the mid Mississippi and Ohio Valleys. Ahead
    of the front, surface dewpoints will range from the 60s F in the
    Ohio and Tennessee Valleys, to the 50s F in the southern and central Appalachians. Weak instability is forecast to develop in most areas
    ahead of the front by afternoon. Forecast soundings in the upper
    Ohio Valley show very strong wind fields, with 30 to 40 knots of
    southwesterly flow just above the surface. This will contribute to a wind-damage threat with short line segments that form ahead of the
    front in the afternoon. The greatest wind-damage threat will likely
    be in the late afternoon as a low-level jet consolidates and
    strengthens across the upper Ohio Valley.

    ..Broyles.. 03/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 5 19:29:24 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 051929
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 051928

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0128 PM CST Thu Mar 05 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM TX TO LOWER
    MS VALLEY AND THE UPPER OH VALLEY TO LOWER GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms are possible from
    Saturday morning into the evening across a broad swath of the
    southern Great Plains to the Lower Great Lakes. Isolated very large
    hail may occur in parts of Texas.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper trough consisting of multiple embedded shortwave impulses
    will move east from the Upper Midwest to the Great Lakes. A closed
    low over the Lower CO Valley will further retrograde to west of Baja
    CA. A surface cyclone over eastern Upper MI at 12Z Saturday will
    deepen as it rapidly progresses into QC. A full-latitude cold front
    will arc southwestward, crossing the eastern Great Lakes and Midwest
    on Saturday. The trailing portion will slow its southern movement
    over TX and likely be modulated by convective outflows.

    ...TX to the Lower MS Valley...
    Primary changes are to add a CIG1 area for very large hail potential
    in TX, and shift/expand the cat 2-SLGT risk north-northeast per
    latest guidance.

    While TX will largely remain within a flat to low-amplitude
    mid-level ridge between the aforementioned troughs/lows well to its
    north and west, seasonably rich low-level moisture atop an
    undercutting cold front should support regenerative convection
    through much of the period. With the west-southwesterly mid-level
    flow regime, steep mid-level lapse rates will be maintained over the pre-convective warm sector. Low-level flow will become increasingly
    weak and diffluent, yielding a favorable deep-layer wind profile for
    hail growth. Primary uncertainty is the degree of surface-based
    development towards late afternoon/early evening along the composite front/outflow. Current indications are that CIG2-type giant hail
    potential might evolve with more discrete/isolated convection in the south-central TX vicinity. For now, will incrementally add a CIG1
    and defer to later outlooks for a possible categorical upgrade.

    Farther east-northeast across the Lower MS Valley, clusters may be consolidating into line segments by mid-late morning Saturday. These
    may yield an increase in mainly damaging wind and brief tornado
    potential as the warm/moist sector destabilizes downstream. An
    extensive swath of widespread convection is anticipated during the
    afternoon. But this should become increasingly aligned with the
    deep-layer shear vector. In conjunction with decreasing low-level
    hodograph curvature, setup may only favor sporadic damaging winds
    before storm intensities wane after sunset.

    ...OH Valley to the Lower Great Lakes...
    No adjustment has been made to the level 2-SLGT risk area. At least
    scattered convection should be ongoing upstream over parts of the
    Midwest and Mid-South along/ahead of the aforementioned cold front.
    This activity may not entirely decay, with renewed storm development
    possible along the large-scale outflow that will probably remain
    displaced appreciably east of the front. Where adequate insolation
    can occur amid steep mid-level lapse rates, an uptick in storm
    intensity should occur midday into the afternoon. Overall amplitudes
    still seem to favor non-significant severe, but a scattering of
    damaging winds, a couple tornadoes, and isolated marginally severe
    hail all appear plausible. These threats should wane after sunset
    and with eastern extent towards the Appalachians.

    ..Grams.. 03/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 6 08:01:29 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 060801
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060800

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0200 AM CST Fri Mar 06 2026

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms potential is low on Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...

    A lower-amplitude upper-level pattern defined by westerly flow aloft
    east of the Rockies will overspread the central and eastern U.S. on
    Sunday. Meanwhile, an upper low will persist offshore from Baja CA.
    At the surface, a cold front will move offshore the Northeast coast
    by late afternoon. The southern extension of this boundary will
    stall from the Mid-Atlantic into the TN Valley. Meanwhile, the
    western portion of the boundary across eastern and southern TX will
    lift northward late in the period. Gulf moisture will remain in
    place across the southeast U.S. into TX, but limited large-scale
    ascent and lack of height falls within the quasi-zonal regime will
    limit severe potential. Nevertheless, isolated thunderstorms may be
    ongoing across parts of the Lower MS Valley along remnant outflow
    from the Day 2/Sat period. The warm advection regime across TX also
    may support isolated thunderstorms through the period. Overall,
    severe thunderstorm potential appears low.

    ..Leitman.. 03/06/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 6 19:15:33 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 061915
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 061914

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0114 PM CST Fri Mar 06 2026

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN THE CAROLINAS
    TO SOUTHEAST VA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated, marginally severe thunderstorms are possible on Sunday
    afternoon to early evening across parts of the Carolinas to
    southeast Virginia.

    ...Synopsis...
    A lead shortwave impulse will quickly progress east from the Saint
    Lawrence Valley, as a backside shortwave trough rapidly moves from
    the Upper Great Lakes across New England by Sunday night. Surface
    front trailing southwest from the lead impulse will push off the
    coastal Mid-Atlantic by Sunday afternoon, with frontolysis occurring
    over the Southeast during the evening/night.

    ...Carolinas and southeast VA...
    The northern extent of the surface-based warm sector should overlap
    the southern extent of strong mid-level westerlies atop the trailing
    cold front. Guidance consensus suggests weak buoyancy should develop
    by midday/early afternoon across the Southeast Atlantic Coastal
    Plain and adjacent Piedmont. Both the 12Z NAM and ECMWF depict
    modestly steep mid-level lapse rates may be present near the
    mid-level jetlet across VA. Bulk of guidance indicates isolated to
    scattered storm development off the Piedmont to coastal plain
    through the afternoon into early evening, before convergence along
    the front wanes. While low-level shear should be weak, favorable mid
    to upper-level speed shear could support a few cells with transient
    mid-level rotation. Isolated severe storms with marginal hail/wind
    magnitudes seem plausible. This scenario is supported by at least 5
    percent total severe probs in the 12Z SPC-GEFS, along with the 00Z
    NSSL-GEFS and both NCAR-ECENS ML products.

    ..Grams.. 03/06/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 7 07:20:39 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 070720
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 070719

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0119 AM CST Sat Mar 07 2026

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHEAST
    TEXAS INTO MISSISSIPPI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible on Monday from
    northeast Texas into Mississippi.

    ...ArkLaTex to Mississippi...

    An upper low over northwest Mexico will begin to migrate east toward
    the southern Rockies/northern Mexico on Monday. Ahead of this
    feature, a subtle upper shortwave impulse will move from the
    southern Plains to the Southeast. This will allow enhanced
    west/southwesterly flow to overspread a moistening boundary layer
    across the Lower MS Valley into the Mid-South and TN Valley.
    Large-scale ascent will remain subtle. However, forecast guidance
    suggests sufficiently steep lapse rates will be present to support
    at least modest destabilization. Favorable deep shear also should
    support organized updrafts if enough destabilization occurs within
    the warm advection regime. Given modest forcing mechanisms, storm
    coverage is uncertain. However, the overall environment should be at
    least conditionally favorable for a few strong to severe storms
    through Monday afternoon/evening across portions of the ArkLaTex
    into MS.

    ..Leitman.. 03/07/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 7 19:32:43 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 071932
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 071931

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0131 PM CST Sat Mar 07 2026

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    ARKLATEX INTO THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible on Monday from the
    Arklatex into the lower Mississippi Valley.

    ...Arklatex into the lower Mississippi Valley...
    To the south of the primary belt of midlevel westerlies extending
    across the northern CONUS, a low-amplitude impulse and accompanying
    speed max will overspread the lower MS Valley during the afternoon.
    Here, steep midlevel lapse rates will overspread deep/rich
    boundary-layer moisture (middle/upper 60s dewpoints). This should
    yield weak to moderate surface-based buoyancy by the afternoon.
    Given the low-amplitude nature of the midlevel wave and lack of any
    substantial low-level fronts, thunderstorm coverage remains
    uncertain. However, around 50 kt of deep-layer shear and sufficient surface-based buoyancy will favor organized storms to include the
    potential for supercells. The primary concern with any stronger
    storms that can develop will be large hail and damaging gusts,
    though some tornado risk is also possible. A corridor of greater
    severe potential is possible (depending on the degree of diurnal
    heating and mesoscale ascent), though confidence for an upgrade is
    too low at this time.

    ..Weinman.. 03/07/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 8 08:32:47 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 080832
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080831

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0331 AM CDT Sun Mar 08 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS
    NORTHEAST MISSOURI...FAR SOUTHEAST IA AND PARTS OF NORTHERN/CENTRAL
    ILLINOIS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered to widespread severe thunderstorms are possible on Monday
    from the southern Plains into the Middle Mississippi Valley
    vicinity. All severe hazards are possible.

    ...Southern Plains to Mid-MS Valley Vicinity...

    A complex scenario is expected to unfold on Monday and Monday night
    across a broad warm sector from the southern Plains into the Mid-MS
    Valley and Lake Michigan vicinity. An initially split-flow upper
    level pattern will see an upper low and attendant trough over
    northwest Mexico lift northeast across the southern Rockies into the
    adjacent High Plains. As this occurs, a northern stream upper trough
    will deepen over the northern/central Plains, with the two systems
    merging by the end of the period. This will result in substantial
    mid/upper southwesterly flow streaming across the area atop strong
    low-level warm advection. A broad warm sector with surface dewpoints
    in the 60s F will encompass much of OK/TX/eastern KS eastward into
    the Mid/Lower MS Valley and Lower OH/TN Valleys. Two areas of
    deepening surface low pressure are forecast -- one across the OK/TX
    Panhandle vicinity, the other across northwest MO into IA. A dryline
    will extend southward from the Plains low, and a warm front will
    extend west to east from southern IA into northern IL/IN during the
    afternoon. After 00z, a cold front will develop southeast, becoming
    positioned from southern Lake Michigan southwest to central OK.
    There is some uncertainty in the position of these surface features,
    but this appears to be the best estimate at this time based on
    various guidance.

    Some uncertainty also exists with regards to capping, particularly
    across OK into parts of MO. Nevertheless, strong vertical shear atop
    a very moist warm and moderately unstable airmass should support
    scattered to possibly widespread severe thunderstorms. Supercell
    wind profiles will support large to very large hail where discrete
    convection occurs. Linear forcing along surface boundaries also may
    favor linear segments, especially after dark. Tornado potential may
    be maximized near the surface warm front/triple point across parts
    of MO/IL and far southeast IA. Outlook areas may change some in the
    coming days as mesoscale details become better resolved.

    ..Leitman.. 03/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 8 10:04:48 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 081004
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 081003

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0503 AM CDT Sun Mar 08 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS
    NORTHEAST MISSOURI...FAR SOUTHEAST IOWA...AND PARTS OF
    NORTHERN/CENTRAL ILLINOIS...

    CORRECTED FOR INCORRECT DAY OF THE WEEK REFERENCES

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered to widespread severe thunderstorms are possible on Tuesday
    from the southern Plains into the Middle Mississippi Valley
    vicinity. All severe hazards are possible.

    ...Southern Plains to Mid-MS Valley Vicinity...

    A complex scenario is expected to unfold on Tuesday and Tuesday
    night across a broad warm sector from the southern Plains into the
    Mid-MS Valley and Lake Michigan vicinity. An initially split-flow
    upper level pattern will see an upper low and attendant trough over
    northwest Mexico lift northeast across the southern Rockies into the
    adjacent High Plains. As this occurs, a northern stream upper trough
    will deepen over the northern/central Plains, with the two systems
    merging by the end of the period. This will result in substantial
    mid/upper southwesterly flow streaming across the area atop strong
    low-level warm advection. A broad warm sector with surface dewpoints
    in the 60s F will encompass much of OK/TX/eastern KS eastward into
    the Mid/Lower MS Valley and Lower OH/TN Valleys. Two areas of
    deepening surface low pressure are forecast -- one across the OK/TX
    Panhandle vicinity, the other across northwest MO into IA. A dryline
    will extend southward from the Plains low, and a warm front will
    extend west to east from southern IA into northern IL/IN during the
    afternoon. After 00z, a cold front will develop southeast, becoming
    positioned from southern Lake Michigan southwest to central OK.
    There is some uncertainty in the position of these surface features,
    but this appears to be the best estimate at this time based on
    various guidance.

    Some uncertainty also exists with regards to capping, particularly
    across OK into parts of MO. Nevertheless, strong vertical shear atop
    a very moist warm and moderately unstable airmass should support
    scattered to possibly widespread severe thunderstorms. Supercell
    wind profiles will support large to very large hail where discrete
    convection occurs. Linear forcing along surface boundaries also may
    favor linear segments, especially after dark. Tornado potential may
    be maximized near the surface warm front/triple point across parts
    of MO/IL and far southeast IA. Outlook areas may change some in the
    coming days as mesoscale details become better resolved.

    ..Leitman.. 03/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 8 19:33:51 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 081933
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 081933

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0233 PM CDT Sun Mar 08 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS
    NORTHEAST MISSOURI...FAR SOUTHEAST IOWA...AND PARTS OF
    NORTHERN/CENTRAL ILLINOIS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are forecast on Tuesday from the
    southern Plains into the southern Great Lakes vicinity. All severe
    hazards are possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    A robust low-latitude midlevel trough will move eastward across
    northern MX and the Southwest to the southern Plains through the
    period. At the same time, a broad northern-stream midlevel trough
    will gradually amplify as it advances eastward across the northern
    Plains into the upper MS Valley. In the low-levels, a
    quasi-stationary warm front will extend eastward into the southern
    Great Lakes vicinity from a weak surface low over the middle MS
    Valley. Farther south, a separate surface low will evolve over the
    central High Plains, while a dryline extends southward before being
    overtaken by a cold front. Along and east of these features, a
    broad/expansive warm sector characterized by middle/upper 60s
    dewpoints will encompass the southern/central Plains into the middle
    MS Valley and southern Great Lakes region. While this large-scale
    pattern should favor at least scattered severe thunderstorms capable
    of all hazards across a broad area, the split-flow nature of the
    pattern limits confidence in the details.

    ...Middle MS Valley and southern Great Lakes...
    Along and south of the quasi-stationary warm front, a low-level jet
    will gradually strengthen into the evening/overnight hours,
    resulting in large clockwise-curved hodographs. Given ample
    moisture/buoyancy, supercell clusters will be the primary concern,
    with an accompanying risk of damaging winds, a few tornadoes (some
    possibly strong) and severe hail. Given a substantial westerly
    component to the deep-layer flow/shear, any established storms that
    evolve over the middle MS Valley region may continue to pose a
    tornado risk into the southern Great Lakes region during the
    overnight hours, though confidence in this scenario is currently
    low.

    ...Southern Plains...
    Severe thunderstorms are expected along/east of the dryline in the
    southern Plains, where ample deep-layer shear and surface-based
    buoyancy will support a mix of organized clusters and supercells
    capable of all hazards. Eventually, linear forcing along the front
    should promote upscale growth, when the severe-wind and tornado risk
    may increase into central TX. A separate corridor of severe
    potential is possible across north-central into southern OK, where
    the potential for semi-discrete supercells is evident.

    ..Weinman.. 03/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 9 07:21:56 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 090721
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090720

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0220 AM CDT Mon Mar 09 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE ARKLATEX
    AND LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY NORTHEAST THROUGH THE OHIO VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms are possible on Wednesday
    from the ArkLaTex and Lower Mississippi Valley northeastward through
    the Ohio Valley vicinity.

    ...East Texas northeast to the Ohio Valley vicinity...

    A split-flow regime will continue into Wednesday, with upper
    troughing over the central U.S. remaining bifurcated through much of
    the period. In the southern branch, a closed low/upper shortwave
    trough will migrate from TX to the Lower MS Valley. Meanwhile, the
    northern stream upper trough over the northern Plains/Upper Midwest
    will develop east across the Upper Great Lakes/Midwest. Ahead of
    these features, strong southwesterly deep-layer flow will extend
    from east TX into the Mid-Atlantic/New England. At the surface, a
    cold front will extend southwest from a surface low over southern
    Lower MI into western OK. This front will advance southeast through
    the period, becoming oriented from the Mid-Atlantic coast to the
    central Gulf coast by Thursday morning.

    Strong warm advection ahead of the front will transport Gulf
    moisture as far north as the Mid-Atlantic and southern New England.
    Ongoing convection is expected ahead of the front across portions of
    the ArkLaTex into the Midwest. This, along with the warm advection
    regime resulting in widespread cloudiness, lends to uncertainty in
    how the downstream airmass will destabilize, especially with
    northeast extent into parts of the Ohio Valley vicinity. Somewhat
    stronger destabilization is likely across the Lower MS Valley where
    richer Gulf moisture will reside. Strong vertical wind profiles will
    support damaging wind potential with even modest instability. Linear
    convection is the most likely storm mode given deep-layer flow
    parallel to the surface boundary and strong large-scale ascent
    overspreading the boundary. If discrete cells can form, some tornado
    potential will exist closer to a deepening surface cyclone in the
    vicinity of the upper Ohio Valley, and perhaps near a secondary
    surface low over the lower MS Valley, though this scenario remains
    highly uncertain.

    ..Leitman.. 03/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 9 19:26:27 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 091926
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 091925

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 PM CDT Mon Mar 09 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EAST TEXAS
    AND THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY INTO THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms are expected on Wednesday
    from the ArkLaTex and Lower Mississippi Valley northeastward through
    the Ohio Valley vicinity.

    ...Synopsis...
    Strong to severe thunderstorms are probable across an expansive warm
    sector stretching from the Gulf Coast northward into the upper Ohio
    Valley region. The amplification of an upper wave over the northern
    CONUS will support steady intensification of a surface cyclone as it
    migrates from the Great Lakes region into southeast Quebec by 12 UTC
    Thursday. An attendant cold front will push across the MS Valley
    into the upper OH Valley and Southeast states during the forecast
    period, and will act as the primary foci for thunderstorm
    development.

    ...East Texas into the Lower MS Valley...
    Thunderstorm clusters and/or convective bands will likely be
    ongoing, albeit weakening, across the eastern TX/OK at the start of
    the forecast period. A combination of daytime heating, ascent ahead
    of a southern-stream upper trough, and forcing along the approaching
    cold front should promote an uptick in convective intensity and
    coverage by late morning/early afternoon across LA and MS.
    Storm-motion vectors largely along the front will maintain a linear
    storm mode and support primarily a severe wind threat. The severe
    threat may be maximized during the late morning/early afternoon
    hours as buoyancy increases but before low to mid-level flow
    decreases as the synoptic low accelerates away to the northeast.

    ...OH Valley...
    Low-level moisture and a remnant EML will continue to spread
    north/northeast in tandem with the translation of the surface low.
    This should support adequate buoyancy within a narrow, but
    migratory, warm sector for surface-based convection. Strong flow in
    proximity to the surface low/upper jet will promote organized
    convection along the front, most likely organized clusters and lines
    capable of severe gusts and perhaps embedded circulations. Recent extended-range RRFS solutions hint at the development of pre-frontal
    supercells within a diffuse plume of low-level theta-e advection
    across the upper OH Valley. Forecast soundings from this region
    suggest that tornadic supercells are possible. Other guidance also
    depicts this plume of theta-e advection, which lends some credence
    to this scenario. However, the RRFS is typically overly aggressive
    with convective intensity, and recent MPAS solutions are less
    bullish on deep convection ahead of the front where mostly cloudy
    skies should limit diurnal insolation to some degree. This
    uncertainty precludes the introduction of higher risk probabilities,
    but trends will be monitored for a more robust severe threat within
    this regime.

    ..Moore.. 03/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 10 06:39:02 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 100638
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100638

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0138 AM CDT Tue Mar 10 2026

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm potential is not expected on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper trough will pivot east across the eastern U.S. on Thursday.
    A surface low located over New England will lift northeast into the
    Canadian Maritimes, while a trailing surface cold front moves across
    the Eastern Seaboard and Southeast. Showers and thunderstorms will
    be ongoing along the front Thursday morning. While a moist airmass
    will exist ahead of this activity across the Southeast into the
    eastern Carolinas, limited heating and poor lapse rates will
    preclude stronger destabilization (MLCAPE less than 500 J/kg
    expected). This should largely limit severe potential ahead of the
    front. The front should move offshore the Carolinas and northern FL
    into the central Gulf by mid to late afternoon. Some thunderstorm
    potential will persist across the FL Peninsula, but severe storms
    are not expected.

    ..Leitman.. 03/10/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 10 19:13:26 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 101913
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 101912

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0212 PM CDT Tue Mar 10 2026

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    An amplifying upper wave will continue to translate eastward across
    the eastern CONUS through the day Thursday before moving off the
    Atlantic Coast by late evening. At the surface, an attendant cyclone
    will continue to drift north/northeast into eastern Quebec as it
    begins to occlude. A trailing cold front will start the forecast
    period draped from the Northeast into the Southeast states, and is
    forecast to gradually shift east through the day before moving off
    the East Coast and stalling across the FL peninsula as broad-scale
    ascent weakens. Thunderstorms will likely be ongoing along the front
    at the start of the period across portions of southeastern AL,
    western GA, and the FL Panhandle. Lingering 40-50 knot mid-level
    flow may support a few organized thunderstorms during the morning
    hours - mainly along the I-10 corridor. However, it is unclear how
    intense this activity will be given linear/clustered storm modes and
    a marginal thermodynamic environment during the diurnal buoyancy
    minimum. Regardless, steady weakening is anticipated through the day
    as convection drifts into an environment with decreasing mid-level
    lapse rates and diminishing forcing for ascent.

    Across the northern High Plains, cold mid-level temperatures
    associated with a clipper low may support pockets of sufficient
    instability for lightning production. Steep low-level lapse rates
    and strong flow within the lowest kilometer may support a few
    stronger gusts, but the overall thermodynamic environment appears
    too limited for risk probabilities at this time.

    ..Moore.. 03/10/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 11 06:45:38 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 110645
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110644

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0144 AM CDT Wed Mar 11 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...

    Broad upper troughing will persist over much of the U.S. on Friday.
    At the surface, a cold frontal intrusion into the Gulf of America
    will leave a dearth of boundary layer moisture east of the Rockies,
    and a cool/dry/stable airmass will be in place. The exception will
    be across south FL where a seasonally moist boundary layer will
    persist south of the diffuse surface boundary. Isolated
    thunderstorms will be possible across the southern Peninsula.
    However, modest vertical shear, poor lapse rates, and a lack of
    large-scale ascent will preclude severe thunderstorm potential.

    ..Leitman.. 03/11/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 11 19:18:20 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 111918
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 111917

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0217 PM CDT Wed Mar 11 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A cold front currently pushing across the Ohio Valley and lower MS
    Valley will migrate off the East Coast and down the FL peninsula
    through Thursday before stalling over southern FL early Friday
    morning. A dry/cool air mass overspreading much of the CONUS in the
    wake of this front will mitigate thunderstorm potential for most
    areas aside from the southern FL peninsula. Although lapse rates
    will be very marginal, rich low-level moisture coupled with
    negligible capping should yield a thermodynamic environment
    supportive of deep convection. 20-30 knot flow above 6 km may
    support some degree of storm organization, but very weak low-level winds/convergence should generally limit storm coverage and modulate
    overall convective intensity.

    ..Moore.. 03/11/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 12 06:42:30 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 120642
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120641

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0141 AM CDT Thu Mar 12 2026

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Saturday.

    ...Synopsis...

    A potent upper trough will dig southward across the Rockies on
    Saturday, emerging over the northern Plains to southern Rockies by
    Sunday morning. In response to sharp height falls, a deepening
    surface cyclone over the central High Plains will develop eastward
    through the period, becoming oriented over the Lower MO Valley
    Sunday morning. A prior cold frontal passage deep into the Gulf will
    result in only modest moisture return northward across the
    south-central U.S., with any deeper boundary-layer moisture
    remaining mostly offshore, and across south TX. Given this dry
    airmass ahead of the surface low and associated trailing cold front
    moving across the Plains, little instability is forecast and
    thunderstorms are unlikely through early Sunday across much of the
    warm sector over the south-central U.S.

    Isolated thunderstorms are possible across south FL where a
    seasonally warm/moist and unstable airmass will reside. Large-scale
    ascent will remain nebulous, but isolated thunderstorms could
    develop along the sea breeze across the southwest Peninsula. Weak
    vertical shear and poor lapse rates will preclude severe
    thunderstorm potential.

    ..Leitman.. 03/12/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 12 19:15:16 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 121915
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 121914

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0214 PM CDT Thu Mar 12 2026

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Saturday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Zonal upper-level flow over the CONUS early Saturday will give way
    to amplification of an upper trough late Saturday and into Sunday
    over the Plains. Rapid cyclogenesis is anticipated as a surface low
    deepens within the left-exit region of an intense upper jet and
    migrates from eastern WY into the eastern Plains. Increasing
    southerly winds will advect moisture northward into the southern
    Plains through the forecast period, but in the wake of the recent
    frontal passage, moisture return will likely be insufficient to
    overcome stout capping at the base of an expansive EML. Sporadic
    lightning flashes appear possible within the warm advection branch
    of the intensifying cyclone, but forecast soundings show poor
    agreement with regards to the availability of MUCAPE. Thunderstorms
    are most probable across south Florida and along the eastern FL, GA,
    and SC coasts. While displaced from the strengthening low over the
    Plains, southerly winds will support a weak warm advection regime
    within a moist, buoyant, and uncapped environment. Diffuse forcing
    for ascent and poor flow aloft should limit the potential for severe thunderstorms.

    ..Moore.. 03/12/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 13 07:27:20 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 130727
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130726

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 AM CDT Fri Mar 13 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHEAST
    ARKANSAS INTO INDIANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Potential for a widespread damaging wind event along with a few
    tornadoes exists from Sunday afternoon through Sunday night from
    northeast Texas to southwest Lower Michigan. The greatest threat
    appears to be from northeast Arkansas into Indiana during the
    evening and overnight hours.

    ...Discussion...
    On Sunday, a powerful upper trough will move across the Plains
    during the day, with a strong midlevel speed max nosing into MO by
    00Z. Shortly thereafter and over the next 12 hours, the trough will
    rapidly deepen, with an intense mid and high level jet developing
    across AR, MO, IL and IN.

    At the surface, low pressure is forecast to move across northern MO
    and into IL, with a prominent cold front extending southwestward
    across MO western AR, and northeast TX. Low-level moisture quality
    will gradually improve throughout the period, with mid 50s F into
    southern MO by 00Z and as far north as IN and OH by 12Z Monday
    morning.

    Initial activity will occur along the cold front during the late
    afternoon where instability will be strongest, perhaps as high as
    1000 J/kg from AR into TX. It should be noted that substantial
    variability exists among models regarding instability and capping,
    though strong ascent near the front should mitigate these factors.
    Hail and damaging gusts may occur with the late afternoon activity.

    Of greatest concern is potential for a severe squall line capable of
    widespread wind damage, along with a few tornadoes, developing
    during the evening across northeast AR, southeast MO, much of
    southern IL, central and southern IN, western KY and TN. The shear
    environment will be rapidly increasing during this time, and while
    forecast soundings show low levels of instability, it will be more
    than sufficient to sustain a strongly forced QLCS, producing
    corridors of significant wind damage and a few embedded tornadoes.
    Southerly winds at 850 mb along the front may exceed 70 kt, with a
    very strong frontal surge out of the west.

    The envelope of greatest threat will likely shift in later outlooks
    as the event nears and predictability increases.

    ..Jewell.. 03/13/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 13 19:33:54 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 131933
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 131932

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0232 PM CDT Fri Mar 13 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE LOWER
    MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY TO THE OHIO VALLEY....

    ...SUMMARY...
    A widespread damaging wind event with some tornado threat is likely
    on late Sunday afternoon through Sunday night from northeast Texas
    to southwest Lower Michigan. The greatest wind threat appears to be
    from northeast Arkansas/western Tennessee to southern Indiana during
    the evening and overnight hours.

    ...Synopsis...
    A 100+ knot mid-level jet will lead to rapid amplification as it
    rounds the base of the mid-level trough across the Central Plains on
    Sunday. As the associated surface cyclone moves northeastward
    through the day, strong low-level moisture transport will occur
    across the warm sector. This will result in weak to potentially
    moderate instability ahead of the cold front Sunday afternoon. This
    cold front will accelerate east-southeastward from the Midwest to
    the Mid-Mississippi Valley during the afternoon and from Ohio to
    western Georgia/eastern Alabama by Monday morning.

    ....Ohio Valley...
    Despite dewpoints only increasing to the mid to upper 50s, a very
    favorable kinematic environment will be in place with a 70 knot
    low-level jet and nearly 125 knot mid-level jet by Monday morning.
    Given this wind field, any instability, combined with the strong
    frontal forcing, will be sufficient for a powerful QLCS during the
    evening and overnight hours. This squall line will likely have
    widespread 60+ mph wind gusts with some stronger 75+ mph wind gusts
    possible.

    In addition, very long hodographs with 200+ m2/s2 0-500m SRH will
    support a threat for line-embedded tornadoes, some of which could be
    strong. Additionally, the strong shear may also allow for some
    embedded supercells, also depicted by the 12Z RRFS, which also may
    lead to a locally greater tornado threat. Pre-frontal development
    cannot be ruled out, especially from northeast Arkansas to southern
    Illinois at the nose of the 500mb jet and the northern extent of the
    richer low-level moisture. This scenario is more uncertain, but
    could pose a greater tornado threat if it were to materialize.

    ...Lower Mississippi Valley to the Southeast...
    The squall line will form during the afternoon, perhaps with some
    initial supercell/hail threat across Arkansas and northeast Texas
    and then move northeastward through the overnight period. The
    strongest low-mid level wind field will remain north of this region,
    however, greater instability will compensate and should maintain the
    damaging squall line through the overnight hours. The greatest STP
    values within the entire risk area are forecast (by the 12Z NAM)
    between 03Z and 12Z from western Tennessee to central Mississippi
    and northwest Alabama. Therefore, expect a QLCS tornado threat to
    accompany the damaging wind threat through the overnight and early
    morning period.

    ...FL/AL Coast...
    Toward the end of the period, richer low-level moisture will begin
    to move inland across the FL Panhandle into southern Alabama. Within
    this zone, discrete convection may develop after 08Z. If this were
    to occur, strong shear would support supercells capable of
    tornadoes.

    ..Bentley.. 03/13/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 14 07:28:01 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 140727
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140726

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 AM CDT Sat Mar 14 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER MUCH OF
    THE CAROLINAS...VIRGINIA...AND EXTENDING NORTHWARD INTO SOUTHERN PENNSYLVANIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widespread damaging winds and several tornadoes are forecast on
    Monday for parts of the Mid Atlantic and Southeast.

    ...Discussion...
    A large and deepening upper trough will eject east/northeastward out
    of the MS/OH/TN Valleys and across the Appalachians and into the Mid Atlantic/Northeast on Monday, with an expansive area of strong wind
    fields aloft. A surface low move from Lower MI into southern Quebec,
    with a deep pre-frontal trough extending southward across eastern
    PA, VA, and NC by around 21Z. Ahead of this trough/front, southerly
    winds will bring 60s F dewpoints as far north as southeast PA.

    Storms will likely be ongoing along the length of the cold front,
    roughly from OH to the FL Panhandle Monday morning. Given the
    uncapped air mass over the Carolinas, a few storms, possibly
    supercells, may develop relatively early in the day as well, with
    tornado potential. The greatest threat however will be during the
    afternoon as cold front nears, and pressure falls are maximized
    along with daytime heating. A few supercells ahead of the line will
    be possible, along with embedded circulations and/significant
    damaging winds within the squall line.

    There are model differences regarding the speed/position of the cold
    front, as well as the degree of instability. Regardless, damaging
    winds over a large area appear likely, along with at least a few
    tornadoes. Depending on the degree of destabilization, a strong
    tornado or two may occur especially over parts of the Carolinas and
    Virginia during the late afternoon. Many models forecast 300-500
    m2/s2 SRH, along with pockets of SBCAPE over 1000 J/kg, which is
    clearly favorable for tornadic supercells.

    ..Jewell.. 03/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 14 19:39:03 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 141939
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 141938

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0238 PM CDT Sat Mar 14 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM SC TO
    SOUTHERN PA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered to widespread severe storms are likely on Monday for parts
    of the Mid-Atlantic States and Southeast. The greatest potential for
    strong tornadoes and significant damaging winds appears centered on
    parts of South Carolina to Maryland during the late morning to
    afternoon.

    ...Mid-Atlantic and Southeast...
    Primary changes this outlook are to add a 45 total severe
    probability along with minor northeast and southeast expansion to
    the categorical risk areas. Portions of the region, centered on SC
    to MD, may warrant an upgrade to a level 4/Moderate Risk in later
    outlooks.

    A large and deepening upper trough will eject east/northeastward out
    of the MS/OH/TN Valleys and across the Appalachians and into the Mid Atlantic/Northeast on Monday, with an expansive area of strong to
    intense wind fields aloft. A deep cyclone will move from Lower MI
    into QC, with an occluding cold front arcing southeast across the
    northern Appalachians, then south-southwest into the northern Gulf.
    This front will clear all but the FL Peninsula by Monday evening.

    Ahead of the front, seasonably rich low-level moisture characterized
    by 60s surface dew points will spread northward from the eastern
    Gulf/western Atlantic. Convection will likely be ongoing at 12Z
    Monday, low-topped along the Upper OH Valley to central Appalachian
    portion of the front to deep convection in the lee of the southern
    Appalachians to eastern FL Panhandle. A diurnal uptick in storm
    intensity, including potential for semi-discrete supercells ahead of
    the front, should occur from north FL to the Carolina Piedmont.
    Further intensification is anticipated midday into the afternoon as
    a confined corridor of moderate buoyancy likely develops just ahead
    of morning storms.

    Enlarged low-level hodograph curvature, in conjunction with
    favorable elongation of the mid/upper hodograph, should foster a mix
    of broken supercells south with line-embedded supercells in the
    reinvigorated QLCS north. With such intense 700-mb flow aptly timed
    with the diurnal heating cycle overlying rich low-level moisture,
    setup could yield an expansive severe weather day, including strong
    tornadoes and significant damaging winds. The degree of
    boundary-layer heating, as well as timing of convection that may
    outpace the front late D2 into early D3, will play key roles in how
    intense severe magnitudes may become. At present, the most likely
    corridor for significant/widespread severe appears centered on the
    eastern Piedmont to coastal plain from SC to MD around midday into
    the afternoon.

    ..Grams.. 03/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 15 07:05:37 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 150705
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150704

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0204 AM CDT Sun Mar 15 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not forecast on Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A large upper trough will move from the Great Lakes across the
    Northeast, with an upper ridge building over the southwestern US. A
    cold front associated with the upper trough will be well offshore
    over the Atlantic, though the tail end will clip far southern FL
    early in the morning. A band of moisture and perhaps weak elevated
    instability may persist well north of this front over southern FL,
    with scattered weak convection possible.

    ..Jewell.. 03/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 15 18:55:42 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 151855
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 151854

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0154 PM CDT Sun Mar 15 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunder potential appears negligible on Tuesday and Tuesday night.

    ...Discussion...
    With a continental air mass enveloping the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts
    by Tuesday morning, thunder potential will become negligible.
    Isolated convection might linger near the extreme southern FL
    Peninsula and Keys just beyond 12Z Tuesday as the front reaches the
    Straits. Thunder probabilities over land appear to be around 10
    percent through 15Z.

    Elsewhere, conditions will be too dry/stable for lightning-producing
    convection through the period.

    ..Grams.. 03/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 16 05:49:46 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 160549
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160548

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1248 AM CDT Mon Mar 16 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not forecast for Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Wednesday, an upper ridge will build over the Southwest, with a
    large-scale trough across over the East. High pressure over the
    Southeast will maintain stable conditions, with generally offshore
    winds across the Gulf. Minimal instability may be present from the
    Bahamas into the FL Straits near a stalled front, with convective
    showers mainly offshore. Otherwise, lack of instability will
    preclude thunderstorms chances across the CONUS.

    ..Jewell.. 03/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 16 19:00:53 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 161900
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 161859

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0159 PM CDT Mon Mar 16 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Wednesday or Wednesday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Conditions will be too dry/stable for lightning-producing convection
    across the CONUS through the period. One exception may be near the
    far southern FL Peninsula and Keys as the prior cold front intrusion
    on D1-2 stalls near the FL Straits. While some airmass modification
    will occur north of the boundary over offshore waters, thunderstorm
    potential on land appears negligible through Wednesday night.

    ..Grams.. 03/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 17 04:49:55 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 170449
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170448

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1148 PM CDT Mon Mar 16 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are unlikely on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    The weather pattern will not change much from Wednesday into
    Thursday, with prominent upper high over the Southwest, northwest
    flow across the central states, and large-scale troughing just off
    the East Coast. High pressure from the East into the Gulf of America
    will preclude any moisture return, with a decided lack of
    instability over land.

    ..Jewell.. 03/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 17 18:52:54 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 171852
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 171851

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0151 PM CDT Tue Mar 17 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are unlikely on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...

    The overall pattern will not change much from Wednesday into
    Thursday. A large upper cyclone and attendant ridge will encompass
    the western U.S., while an upper trough persists near the Eastern
    Seaboard. Surface high pressure across the East and Southeast and a
    prior cold frontal passage deep into the Gulf will result in a
    dearth of boundary layer moisture, maintaining a dry/stable airmass
    across most of the CONUS, precluding thunderstorm activity.

    ..Leitman.. 03/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 18 05:30:55 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 180530
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180529

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1229 AM CDT Wed Mar 18 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A low chance of a few thunderstorms may develop near the Upper Ohio
    Valley and vicinity on Friday.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    An upper ridge will hold over the Southwest on Friday, with strong
    northwest flow aloft along the Canadian border. A low-amplitude
    upper wave will intensify into northern MN and toward the upper
    Great Lakes late in the day and overnight, with a weak surface low
    also traversing the Great Lakes. A cold front will extend from
    southwest Ontario into IL and MO by 00Z, and southerly winds ahead
    of it will bring a plume of low to mid 50s F dewpoints northward
    across TN/KY/IN/OH during the afternoon.

    Despite the low-level moistening, instability will likely be
    minimal. However, weak elevated instability may develop within the
    warm advection zone roughly from OH into PA, with a low chance of
    isolated thunder.

    ..Jewell.. 03/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 28 07:20:37 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 280720
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280719

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0219 AM CDT Sat Mar 28 2026

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF THE
    UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY AND LAKE MICHIGAN VICINITY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible across portions
    of the upper Mississippi River Valley and Lake Michigan vicinity
    late Monday night into early Tuesday morning.

    ...Synopsis...
    Zonal flow over the central to northern Rockies is forecast to
    increase over the next 48-72 hours as an upper ridge shifts towards
    the Southeast and a low-amplitude upper wave begins to translate
    along the U.S./Canadian border. Lee cyclone development is
    anticipated across the northern High Plains by early Monday with
    steady intensification expected as it migrates east ahead of the
    upper wave. The deepening surface low will promote northward
    moisture return through the MS Valley and into the upper Great Lakes
    region while eastward advection of 7-8 C/km mid-level lapse rates
    takes place aloft. Thunderstorm development appears probable
    overnight across the upper MS Valley and upper Great Lakes region as
    isentropic ascent increases along the tightening warm frontal zone
    of the cyclone.

    Elsewhere, more isolated thunderstorms are possible along the
    western FL Gulf coast where sea-breeze ascent within a moist and
    weakly capped environment should support a few thunderstorms.
    Similarly, isolated convection is possible across parts of the lower
    MS Valley within a plume of rich low-level moisture. Another day of
    isolated, high-based thunderstorms is expected across portions of
    the Southwest. Weak deep-layer wind shear across these regions will
    limit severe thunderstorm potential.

    ....Upper MS Valley/Lake Michigan...
    The combination of low-level moistening and steepening lapse rates
    aloft will support steady destabilization through Monday and into
    Monday night. Model consensus is that 1500-2000 J/kg MUCAPE should
    be in place by Monday evening across the southern WI region.
    Initially dry and capped low-level profiles will likely preclude
    thunderstorm development during the day, though increasing ascent
    within the 925-850 mb warm frontal zone should increase thunderstorm
    chances during the 00-06 UTC period. While elevated convection
    appears likely, hodograph elongation through the CAPE-bearing layer
    should support storm organization, including the potential for a
    supercell or two. Although storm motions along the frontal zone hint
    that some degree of clustering is probable, at least a localized
    hail threat should materialize given the favorable buoyancy/shear
    environment.

    ..Moore.. 03/28/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 28 19:20:43 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 281920
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 281919

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0219 PM CDT Sat Mar 28 2026

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN
    IOWA INTO LOWER MICHIGAN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible across portions
    of the upper Mississippi River Valley to Lower Michigan late Monday
    night into early Tuesday morning.

    ...Discussion...
    A progressive low-amplitude shortwave trough will move across the
    northern Rockies and into the northern Plains Monday into Tuesday
    morning, with cooling aloft spreading into the upper MS Valley/Great
    Lakes late. Ahead of this feature, low pressure will develop over
    the northern Plains during the day, translating east across IA and
    toward WI overnight and into Tuesday morning.

    East of the developing low, a quasi-stationary front will extend
    across southern MN into central WI and northern Lower MI, with
    little northward progress. Southerly winds across the warm sector
    will persist through the period and bring mid 50s F dewpoints
    northward toward the surface front. Much of the day looks to be
    capped, but increasing lift after 00Z along with persistent
    moistening from the southwest will result in elevated instability,
    possibly extending as far northern WI/Lower MI. Deep-layer shear
    will favor hail.

    A conditional risk of a few severe storms may also develop south of
    the boundary from eastern IA into northern IL as the low-level jet
    increases during the evening. In addition to hail, the warm/dry
    sub-cloud layer would favor potential damaging gusts with any
    cluster of storms.

    ..Jewell.. 03/28/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 29 07:25:46 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 290725
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 290724

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 AM CDT Sun Mar 29 2026

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE GREAT
    LAKES REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to widely scattered strong/severe thunderstorms are
    expected through the day and into the early evening hours Tuesday
    across the Great Lakes region.

    ...Synopsis...
    A surface low is forecast to deepen across the central/northern
    Plains through the day Monday ahead of a low-amplitude upper wave.
    By early Tuesday, this low will begin accelerating eastward,
    reaching southern Quebec by 12 UTC Wednesday. A cold front trailing
    the surface cyclone will push south into the Plains and eastward
    across the Great Lakes/OH Valley. Thunderstorm potential will be
    most pronounced along and ahead of the front, though more isolated thunderstorms will be possible along a dryline across portions of
    TX, across portions of the Southeast, and over the northern Great
    Basin.

    ...Great Lakes...
    Residual thunderstorms from Monday night may be ongoing by 12 UTC
    across the Great Lakes region along and north of the surface warm
    front. Most guidance suggests that northward moisture advection will
    occur ahead of the approaching cold front as the surface low lifts east/northeast with MLCAPE values between 1000-1500 J/kg likely by
    21-00 UTC. Additional thunderstorm development is expected along the
    front by early afternoon, and 35-45 knot effective bulk shear should
    promote organized convection - most likely in the form of organized
    clusters and/or linear segments. Large hail and severe winds will
    most likely be the predominant hazards given the expectation for clustered/linear storm modes, though some tornado threat may emerge
    across the lower Great Lakes region where low-level SRH will be
    regionally greatest on the northeastern fringe of the returning
    moisture.

    ...Southern Plains...
    A weak surface trough/dryline will likely emerge across the TX Panhandle/western OK southward into west-central TX by late
    afternoon as a weak lee low deepens over the southern High Plains.
    Richer low-level moisture will likely be displaced to the east away
    from the boundary, and warm temperatures at the base of an EML will
    most likely preclude thunderstorm development until the arrival of
    the cold front Tuesday evening. However, a few deterministic
    solutions hint that diurnal heating may be strong enough to support
    isolated convection along the dryline by late afternoon. Wind
    profiles across this region hint that organized thunderstorms are
    possible and could pose a severe threat. While this potential is
    noted, ensemble support for this scenario is low, and any convection
    that does develop will most likely struggle to be maintained owing
    to weak forcing for ascent and fairly dry low/mid-level conditions.

    ..Moore.. 03/29/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 29 19:15:48 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 291915
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 291914

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0214 PM CDT Sun Mar 29 2026

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER LOWER
    MICHIGAN...AND FROM EASTERN ILLINOIS ACROSS NORTHERN INDIANA AND
    OHIO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong/severe thunderstorms are expected through the day
    and into the early evening hours Tuesday across parts of the Great Lakes/Midwest. Damaging gusts and hail are most likely. Isolated
    strong storms may also extend southwestward into parts of the
    southern Plains with localized hail/wind.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong shortwave trough will move from the northern Plains across
    the Upper Great Lakes on Tuesday, with 50+ kt 500 mb winds extending
    as far south as IL/IN/OH. At the surface, low pressure will move
    across WI and Lower MI during the day, with a cold front extending southwestward from northern IN/IL into OK by 00Z. This front is
    forecast to proceed across NY and into PA overnight, trailing into
    the OH Valley at that time.

    A broad fetch of moisture with 50s F to lower 60s F dewpoints is
    likely across the region ahead of the cold front, resulting in
    MUCAPE over 1000 J/kg. This will exist beneath moderately strong
    westerly winds aloft, aiding forward storm motion and shear. Storms
    forming along the front late in the afternoon and into the evening
    will be the primary focus for severe potential, though a daytime
    risk is also possible if early storms remain strong across WI.

    ...From WI/IL into western NY/PA...
    Some uncertainty exist regarding storm evolution on Tuesday.
    Regardless, strong winds aloft along with areas of destabilization
    should support corridors of damaging wind potential, along with
    sporadic large hail.

    On Tuesday morning, ongoing storms are expected over parts of WI,
    perhaps along or north of the east-west stationary front. This
    activity may be severe with damaging gusts or hail, and could
    persist into Lower MI. The amount of early storms may play a role in
    which areas experience a severe risk later in the day due to
    potential stabilizing outflows.

    As the warm sector destabilizes further during the afternoon, storms
    are likely along the cold front, and perhaps near any leftover
    outflows from early day storms. Deep-layer mean wind speeds near 50
    kt will support fast-moving storm complexes capable of damaging
    winds. Steep lapse rates aloft will favor hail production as well,
    although most of the shear will be in the lower 3 km. That said,
    mesoscale factors such as destabilization near any boundaries may
    conditionally support a tornado risk for rightward-propagating
    cells.

    ...Southern KS into western OK...
    Strong heating will occur over the southern Plans, near and south of
    the cold front moving into northern OK. Forecast soundings indicate
    inhibition but lift along the front may yield a few cells capable of
    hail from the eastern TX Panhandle into perhaps far southern KS.
    This severe threat will likely be localized due to slow storm
    motions and modest shear.

    ..Jewell.. 03/29/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 23 19:26:36 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 231926
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 231925

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 PM CDT Mon Mar 23 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not expected through Wednesday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    To the north of a strong midlevel high over the southern Rockies, a
    shortwave trough will move inland over WA during the day and
    progress quickly eastward to MN/western ON by early Thursday.
    Cyclogenesis in advance of this midlevel trough will help draw a
    modifying air mass north and northeastward from the southern Plains
    to the mid MS Valley. Overnight Wednesday into early Thursday,
    moistening near/above the surface could be sufficient for elevated
    convection in a warm advection zone across parts of the Midwest.

    Elsewhere, a few thunderstorms will be possible across FL along a
    dissipating front, local sea breeze circulations and any lingering
    convective outflow or differential heating zones. Isolated
    lightning flashes will also be possible with low-topped convection
    during the day in the post-frontal environment along and west of the
    Cascades in WA.

    ..Thompson.. 03/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 24 07:29:08 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 240729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Tue Mar 24 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE MIDWEST AND OHIO VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms are expected late Thursday
    afternoon and evening across parts of the Midwest and Ohio River
    Valley.

    ...Synopsis...
    A pronounced upper ridge will continue to shift east over the next
    48-72 hours towards the south-central CONUS. As this occurs, zonal
    flow across the northern Rockies will promote lee troughing and a
    strengthening southerly return flow regime through Thursday.
    Dewpoints in the mid to upper 50s may spread as far north as
    southern Michigan by early Thursday afternoon ahead of an
    approaching cold front. Thunderstorm development is anticipated
    along the cold front as it pushes east/southeast into the returning
    moisture.

    Strong low-level forcing along the frontal boundary will likely
    favor convective bands and upscale growth into the evening hours
    with a predominant severe/damaging wind threat. However, some
    deterministic solutions suggest a combination of 40-50 knot
    deep-layer shear vectors oriented off the frontal boundary over the
    Midwest, lingering pre-frontal capping, and limited broad-scale
    ascent through a deep layer may promote semi-discrete convection.
    While confidence in this scenario is limited at this range, a threat
    for sustained supercells with a significant hail, and perhaps some
    tornado, threat could emerge.

    Based on a consensus of deterministic and ensemble guidance, the
    severe risk appears greatest across central IL into IN and western
    OH where strong QPF and convective environment signals (SCP values
    of 4-6) are noted. However, some severe risk is expected
    southwestward along the front into MO and far eastern KS where
    convection may be more isolated. A damaging wind threat may persist
    into parts of PA and WV overnight, but waning buoyancy eastward
    towards the Appalachians limits confidence in the eastern extent of
    the severe threat.

    ..Moore.. 03/24/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 24 19:26:13 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 241926
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 241925

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 PM CDT Tue Mar 24 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER MUCH OF ILLINOIS...INDIANA...AND WESTERN OHIO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms are expected late Thursday
    afternoon and evening across parts of the Midwest and Ohio River
    Valley. Very large hail appears likely. A few tornadoes will be
    possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    A low-amplitude but intense upper trough will move quickly from the
    far northern Plains across the Upper Great Lakes during the day, and
    across the Lower Great Lakes and northeastern states into Friday
    morning. Cooling aloft will occur late in the day and overnight
    across much of the Midwest and OH Valley, with gradually
    strengthening winds aloft south of the upper jet.

    At the surface, low pressure will extend from eastern NE into
    eastern Ontario or southwest Quebec Thursday morning, with the main
    low jumping northeastward into southeast Quebec or the Maritimes.
    Extending southwest from the low will be a cold front, which will
    proceed into northern MO, IL, IN and OH by 00Z. A broad fetch of mid
    50s F to lower 60s dewpoints will exist ahead of this front,
    resulting in a relatively narrow plume of buoyancy where it remains
    uncapped.

    The combination of lift along the front, moderate to strong winds
    aloft, and sufficient instability should result in a corridor of
    severe storms from late afternoon through early evening affecting
    parts of IL, IN, and OH.

    ...IL/IN/OH - Late Afternoon/Early Evening...
    Much of the day will be free of precipitation, allowing for full
    heating and destabilization ahead of the cold front. Forecast
    soundings indicate steep lapse rates aloft will develop, though a
    capping inversion will exist around 800 mb initially. Despite the
    cap, strong lift near the cold front will eventually support storms,
    likely supercells, after 21Z and perhaps closer to 00Z.

    Shear profiles will feature long hodographs, with a degree of
    low-level veering with height resulting in moderate SRH values. As
    the cap breaks, robust cells are likely to produce large hail, with
    several reports over 2.00" diameter expected. Although the storms
    will develop along the linear forcing mechanism, the favorable
    deep-layer shear is expected to maintain cellular storm mode for
    much of the event. Low-level shear will also support a tornado risk,
    especially for cells that propagate rightward.

    With the capping inversion present, storms should begin to diminish
    during the early evening as heating is lost, resulting in a
    relatively narrow corridor of significant severe storms. Given the
    narrow corridor at this forecast range, and thermodynamic
    uncertainties, will defer to later outlooks for any potential
    categorical upgrade.

    ..Jewell.. 03/24/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 25 07:16:46 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 250716
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250715

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0215 AM CDT Wed Mar 25 2026

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are expected from the upper Ohio Valley into
    the Carolinas Friday morning into the afternoon, but severe
    thunderstorm potential appears limited.

    ...Synopsis...
    Thunderstorm potential on Friday will primarily be focused along and
    ahead of a strong synoptic cold front that is forecast to push from
    the upper OH Valley early Friday southward into the Southeast
    through Friday evening. Isolated thunderstorms are likely at the
    start of the period along the frontal zone, but thunderstorm
    potential should wane from west to east through the day as the front
    migrates into an environment with poor mid-level lapse rates south
    of the OH Valley. Seasonally high dewpoints (mid to upper 50s)
    coupled with daytime heating across the Carolinas into southern VA
    will likely yield a pocket of modest buoyancy (100-250 J/kg MLCAPE
    and lifted indices around -1 C) where thunderstorm re-development is
    probable by late afternoon. Despite strong mid-level flow over the
    region, paltry buoyancy will likely limit updraft intensities and
    the overall severe threat. This idea is supported by recent
    extended-range RRFS and MPAS solutions, which show very limited
    convective signals over the Carolinas.

    ..Moore.. 03/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 25 18:53:49 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 251853
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 251852

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0152 PM CDT Wed Mar 25 2026

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are expected from the upper Ohio Valley into
    the Carolinas Friday morning into the afternoon, but severe
    thunderstorm potential appears limited.

    ...Synopsis...

    A midlevel shortwave trough will pivot across the eastern U.S. on
    Friday. At the surface, a cold front oriented from the Mid-Atlantic southwestward through the Ohio Valley and southern Plains early
    Friday will develop southward through the period, moving offshore by
    Saturday morning. Boundary-layer moisture will remain modest ahead
    of the front from the Ohio Valley into the Mid-Atlantic and
    Carolinas. However, strong heating and steep midlevel lapse rates
    will support weak destabilization. Isolated thunderstorms are
    possible near and just behind the front within a warm advection
    regime atop the boundary. Limited instability and modest vertical
    shear will preclude severe thunderstorms.

    ..Leitman.. 03/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 26 07:19:23 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 260719
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260718

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 AM CDT Thu Mar 26 2026

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible Saturday afternoon across
    portions of the Florida peninsula, but the potential for severe
    thunderstorms is low.

    ...Synopsis...
    Dry and stable conditions will be prevalent across much of the CONUS
    as a broad region of high pressure builds over the eastern Plains/OH
    Valley in the wake of a strong frontal passage during the D2/Friday
    to early D3/Saturday period. This front is forecast to reside across
    the northern Gulf and into the northern FL peninsula by 12 UTC
    Saturday, and will continue to migrate south through the day before
    stalling over south FL during the evening/overnight hours. Although
    forcing for ascent should steadily diminish given the frontolytic
    nature of the boundary, weak low-level ascent within a moist and
    weakly capped environment may support a few thunderstorms.
    Displacement from stronger flow aloft will limit storm organization
    and longevity, which should preclude organized convection. Based on extended-range RRFS and MPAS solutions, as well as ensemble QPF
    signals, the best potential for thunderstorms should emerge across
    the Lake Okeechobee vicinity and areas westward to the FL Gulf
    coast.

    ..Moore.. 03/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 26 18:45:27 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 261845
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 261844

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0144 PM CDT Thu Mar 26 2026

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible Saturday afternoon across
    portions of the Florida peninsula, but the potential for severe
    thunderstorms is low.

    ...Synopsis...

    Northwesterly flow aloft will deamplify as an upper trough moves
    offshore the eastern U.S. on Saturday. At the surface, a cold front
    will extend across the northern Gulf into the FL Peninsula Saturday
    morning. As the front develops southward through the day, isolated thunderstorms are possible across portions of the central/southern
    FL Peninsula. Modest instability and weak vertical shear will
    preclude severe thunderstorm potential. Elsewhere, a dry and stable
    airmass will reside across much of the CONUS in the wake of the
    prior cold frontal passage.

    ..Leitman.. 03/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 27 07:28:00 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 270727
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270726

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 AM CDT Fri Mar 27 2026

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible across the southern Florida
    peninsula and portions of southern Arizona Sunday afternoon and
    evening. Severe thunderstorms are not expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper-level ridge (currently in place over the Southwest) is
    forecast to shift east over the Plains through the day Sunday.
    Broad-scale subsidence/height rises ahead of the ridge will promote
    mostly dry and stable conditions for the central and eastern CONUS. Thunderstorm potential will most likely be relegated to the southern
    FL peninsula where weak ascent within a residual frontal zone (aided
    by diurnally-drive sea breeze boundaries) may support a few
    thunderstorms within a moist and weakly capped environment. While
    confidence is lower, isolated convection appears possible across
    parts of southern Arizona late Sunday afternoon where modest
    low-level moisture advection, coupled with ample daytime heating,
    steep mid-level lapse rates, and weak ascent from a mid-level
    impulse may support high-based convection. Based on forecast
    thermodynamic profiles, conditions may be supportive of strong
    downburst winds. However, confidence in storm coverage and the
    severe wind potential is too low for highlights.

    ..Moore.. 03/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 27 19:12:34 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 271912
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 271911

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0211 PM CDT Fri Mar 27 2026

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible across the southern Florida
    Peninsula and portions of southern Arizona/southwest New Mexico
    Sunday afternoon and evening. Severe thunderstorms are not expected.

    ...Synopsis...

    Quasi-zonal flow is forecast across the CONUS on Sunday while a
    mostly dry and stable boundary layer will persist, limiting
    thunderstorm potential. The exception will be across portions of the
    FL Peninsula and Keys. A seasonally moist airmass will persist near
    a decaying frontal boundary. Strong heating will support weak
    destabilization and isolated thunderstorms may develop along sea
    breeze interactions or the residual frontal boundary. A few
    thunderstorms also will be possible across the far southern
    AZ/southwest NM vicinity where steep midlevel lapse rates atop
    warm/moist advection in lower levels will support sufficient
    destabilization. A weak shortwave impulse will migrate across the
    region during the late afternoon/evening and could provide enough
    ascent for a few thunderstorms. Severe storms are not expected.

    ..Leitman.. 03/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 30 07:29:22 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 300729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 300728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Mon Mar 30 2026

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to severe thunderstorms are likely across the southern to
    central Plains on Wednesday afternoon and evening, and will likely
    pose a large hail and severe wind threat.

    ...Synopsis...
    A cold front is forecast to push southward into the OH Valley and
    southern to central Plains late Tuesday as a surface low races
    across the Great Lakes region. This boundary is forecast stall
    across OK north and eastward into the Ozark Plateau and OH
    Valley/Mid-Atlantic by early Wednesday. Aloft, an upper-level
    shortwave trough will approach the southern/central Plains late
    Wednesday into early Thursday, and will support the steady
    strengthening of a lee trough/surface low across southeast CO into
    southern KS. Northward advancement of the stalled boundary as a warm
    front is anticipated through the day as the surface low deepens with
    a sharpening dryline becoming established across western OK
    southward into TX. Scattered thunderstorm development appears
    probable along both the dryline and warm front by late afternoon and
    early evening. More isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms are
    expected along the stationary boundary across the OH Valley into the Mid-Atlantic.

    ....Southern/Central Plains...
    Mid to upper 50s dewpoints will be in place across northern TX into
    OK and southern KS by early Wednesday with steep lapse rates aloft
    as increasingly southwesterly flow advects an EML eastward over the
    next 72 hours. Despite initial capping, ascent ahead of the
    approaching upper wave, coupled with daytime heating, will likely
    erode inhibition and support thunderstorm development by late
    afternoon across northwest TX and OK along the dryline. Initially
    discrete cells may organize into supercells given forecasted
    deep-layer shear values of 30-35 knots; however, the general
    consensus among medium-range guidance is that relatively quick
    upscale growth will occur by the evening hours as mid/upper-level
    flow increasingly orients along the dryline and broad-scale ascent
    strengthens with the ejection of the upper wave. As upscale growth
    occurs, damaging/severe winds should become the predominant threat.
    While most guidance show this general scenario, spread persists
    regarding the strength of the mid-level flow and timing of the upper
    wave, which both may influence the overall intensity of convection
    and the subsequent severe risk.

    ...Ohio Valley to Mid-Atlantic...
    Nebulous broad-scale ascent along the stalled boundary will likely
    result in primarily isolated to widely scattered convection
    Wednesday afternoon across the OH Valley and Mid-Atlantic. However,
    westerly 25-30 knot mid-level flow along the boundary coupled with
    25-30 F dewpoint depressions may support the development of a few
    convective clusters that could pose an isolated damaging wind risk.
    Confidence in this scenario is too limited at this time for risk
    probabilities, but a focused corridor of isolated severe risk may
    emerge.

    ..Moore.. 03/30/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 30 11:11:24 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 301111
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 301110

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0610 AM CDT Mon Mar 30 2026

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    CORRECTED FOR INCORRECT THUNDER LINE ORIENTATION FROM TEXAS TO
    LOUISIANA

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to severe thunderstorms are likely across the southern to
    central Plains on Wednesday afternoon and evening, and will likely
    pose a large hail and severe wind threat.

    ...Synopsis...
    A cold front is forecast to push southward into the OH Valley and
    southern to central Plains late Tuesday as a surface low races
    across the Great Lakes region. This boundary is forecast stall
    across OK north and eastward into the Ozark Plateau and OH
    Valley/Mid-Atlantic by early Wednesday. Aloft, an upper-level
    shortwave trough will approach the southern/central Plains late
    Wednesday into early Thursday, and will support the steady
    strengthening of a lee trough/surface low across southeast CO into
    southern KS. Northward advancement of the stalled boundary as a warm
    front is anticipated through the day as the surface low deepens with
    a sharpening dryline becoming established across western OK
    southward into TX. Scattered thunderstorm development appears
    probable along both the dryline and warm front by late afternoon and
    early evening. More isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms are
    expected along the stationary boundary across the OH Valley into the Mid-Atlantic.

    ....Southern/Central Plains...
    Mid to upper 50s dewpoints will be in place across northern TX into
    OK and southern KS by early Wednesday with steep lapse rates aloft
    as increasingly southwesterly flow advects an EML eastward over the
    next 72 hours. Despite initial capping, ascent ahead of the
    approaching upper wave, coupled with daytime heating, will likely
    erode inhibition and support thunderstorm development by late
    afternoon across northwest TX and OK along the dryline. Initially
    discrete cells may organize into supercells given forecasted
    deep-layer shear values of 30-35 knots; however, the general
    consensus among medium-range guidance is that relatively quick
    upscale growth will occur by the evening hours as mid/upper-level
    flow increasingly orients along the dryline and broad-scale ascent
    strengthens with the ejection of the upper wave. As upscale growth
    occurs, damaging/severe winds should become the predominant threat.
    While most guidance show this general scenario, spread persists
    regarding the strength of the mid-level flow and timing of the upper
    wave, which both may influence the overall intensity of convection
    and the subsequent severe risk.

    ...Ohio Valley to Mid-Atlantic...
    Nebulous broad-scale ascent along the stalled boundary will likely
    result in primarily isolated to widely scattered convection
    Wednesday afternoon across the OH Valley and Mid-Atlantic. However,
    westerly 25-30 knot mid-level flow along the boundary coupled with
    25-30 F dewpoint depressions may support the development of a few
    convective clusters that could pose an isolated damaging wind risk.
    Confidence in this scenario is too limited at this time for risk
    probabilities, but a focused corridor of isolated severe risk may
    emerge.

    ..Moore.. 03/30/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 30 19:31:57 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 301931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 301930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Mon Mar 30 2026

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are likely across the southern and central
    Plains on Wednesday afternoon and evening. Severe wind gusts and
    large hail are the primary concerns. Isolated strong/severe storms
    are also possible over parts of the upper Ohio Valley into the
    Mid-Atlantic.

    ...Southern and Central Plains...
    A large-scale trough accompanied by 40-50-kt midlevel southwesterly
    flow will move eastward from the Southwest/Great Basin across the southern/central Plains through the period. At the same time, a lee
    cyclone will deepen and track eastward across the central Plains,
    while a southward-extending dryline makes little eastward
    progression over the southern Plains. Ample diurnal heating and
    parallel low-level flow to the dryline will support scattered
    thunderstorm development by late afternoon as inhibition at the base
    of the EML erodes. As the enhanced midlevel flow accompanying the
    trough overspreads the dryline, effective shear should increase to
    around 40 kt. The elongated hodographs and moderate surface-based
    buoyancy should initially support semi-discrete supercells with a
    risk of large hail and locally severe gusts. Soon after,
    strengthening forcing for ascent preceding the trough should promote
    upscale growth into clusters/lines and could develop into a severe
    MCS. This would favor an increasing risk of severe gusts (some 75+
    mph possible). Confidence in this scenario is currently highest over
    parts of west/central OK into north TX, where a SLGT Risk was added.

    ...Ohio Valley to the Mid-Atlantic...
    Despite weak large-scale forcing for ascent, diurnal heating amid
    upper 50/lower 60s dewpoints and relatively steep lapse rates should
    support isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms along and south
    of a stationary front draped across the area. Sufficient
    surface-based buoyancy and around 30 kt of effective shear will
    support a couple organized storm clusters with a risk of damaging
    winds and isolated hail.

    ..Weinman.. 03/30/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 31 07:30:00 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 310729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 310729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Tue Mar 31 2026

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE MIDWEST AND GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Bands of strong to severe thunderstorms are expected across portions
    of the Midwest and Great Lakes regions Thursday afternoon. The
    primary hazard will be severe gusts, but a tornado or two will also
    be possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    A surface cyclone is forecast to deepen as it accelerates
    northeastward towards the upper MS Valley in tandem with an upper
    trough through the day Thursday. Residual thunderstorms will likely
    be ongoing across the Ozarks and will track northeast within a
    strengthening wind field. Re-intensification appears likely by
    mid-afternoon from lower MI southwestward into IL and IN. Additional thunderstorm development is anticipated along a trailing cold front
    across the mid-MS Valley through the afternoon. Elsewhere, more
    loosely organized convection is expected across the lower MS Valley
    and along the Appalachians.

    ...Midwest/Great Lakes...
    A combination of northward moisture advection and diurnal heating
    will likely support a re-intensification of residual convection
    emanating out of MO by mid-afternoon. Winds through the 925-850 mb
    layer are forecast to increase to 45-55 knots through the day, which
    will support organized convective lines with an attendant threat for damaging/severe gusts. Additionally, forecast soundings generally
    depict strong veering above 1 km AGL, which coupled with hodograph
    elongation through the lowest 1-3 km, will support effective SRH
    values on the order of 250-350 m2/s2 and a tornado threat with the
    more intense/robust lines. That said, the degree of destabilization
    ahead of this activity remains uncertain with guidance generally
    depicting MLCAPE values on the order of 500 J/kg. While somewhat
    meager, the strong flow fields will likely compensate and support a
    severe wind threat. 15% probabilities were introduced from eastern
    IL northeastward into MI where confidence in the overlap of strong
    low-level flow and MLCAPE near 500 J/kg is highest.

    Further to the west, additional thunderstorm development is
    anticipated along the primary synoptic cold front across the
    mid/upper MS Valley. As with the activity further east, this
    convection will develop within a modestly buoyant, but strongly
    sheared environment that should favor a damaging wind threat.
    Confidence in destabilization is somewhat more limited owing to
    uncertainty on how quickly early-morning showers/thunderstorms will
    exit the region and allow for adequate diurnal destabilization.

    ..Moore.. 03/31/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 31 19:31:05 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 311931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 311929

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 PM CDT Tue Mar 31 2026

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF THE
    MIDWEST AND SOUTHERN GREAT LAKES REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are expected across portions of the Midwest and
    Great Lakes regions Thursday afternoon and evening/night. Damaging
    winds, large hail, and a few tornadoes will all be possible.

    ...Midwest and Great Lakes region...
    A negatively tilted shortwave trough and related belt of 50-60-kt
    midlevel southwesterly flow will move from the central Plains
    northeastward across the Midwest during the afternoon and evening on
    Thursday. At the same time, an accompanying 50+ kt low-level jet
    will overspread the Midwest ahead of a deepening surface low
    tracking northeastward across IA into WI. Showers and thunderstorms
    should be ongoing ahead of the surface low and along/south of an eastward-extending warm front at the start of the period.

    In the wake of the early-day convection, current indications are
    that lower/middle 60s dewpoints will spread northward beneath steep
    midlevel lapse rates -- yielding sufficient boundary-layer recovery
    ahead of afternoon and evening thunderstorms near the surface low
    and northward-moving warm front. Despite some uncertainty with the
    early-day convection, around 50 kt of effective shear and enlarged clockwise-turning hodographs will favor supercells and organized
    clusters -- posing a risk of damaging winds, large hail, and a few
    tornadoes. As the details become more clear regarding early-day
    convection and related boundary-layer recovery, higher severe
    probabilities may eventually be needed.

    ...Middle MS and Lower OH Valleys...
    The latest guidance suggests that isolated to widely scattered
    thunderstorms will also be possible farther south within a zone of
    broadly confluent and moist low-level flow. While relatively weaker
    forcing for ascent limits confidence in severe potential with
    southward extent, at least subtle midlevel heights falls amid
    weak/moderate surface-based buoyancy and around 40 kt of effective
    shear could support a few strong to severe storms capable of wind
    damage and isolated hail during the afternoon.

    ..Weinman.. 03/31/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 1 07:30:40 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 010730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Wed Apr 01 2026

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTHERN
    IOWA INTO NORTHERN MISSOURI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are expected Friday afternoon and into the
    evening hours across Iowa southward into the southern Plains. Very
    large hail, severe winds, and tornadoes will be possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    Medium and long-range guidance continue to show reasonably good
    alignment in the progression of an upper wave into the central CONUS
    through the day Friday into early Saturday. Ahead of this wave,
    robust cyclogenesis is anticipated across the central Plains along a
    residual baroclinic zone that should be draped from the Plains
    eastward into the OH Valley in the wake of a leading system on
    Wed/Thu. Northward advection of seasonally rich low-level moisture
    (dewpoints in the low 60s) ahead of the intensifying low and
    attendant cold front will establish a fairly broad warm sector from
    the Midwest southward into the southern Plains. Strong to severe
    thunderstorms will likely develop along and ahead of the cold front
    through late afternoon and early evening with a threat for all
    convective hazards.

    ...Iowa/northern Missouri...
    The most robust convective environment will likely emerge across
    northern MO into southern and central IA by late Friday afternoon.
    Here, strong moisture return behind a northward lifting warm front
    should support MLCAPE values upwards of 2000-2500 J/kg. Strong
    synoptic ascent ahead of the surface low and ejecting upper trough
    will erode warm sector inhibition, and closer proximity to the upper
    jet will allow for 35-45 knot effective bulk shear values nearly
    orthogonal to the approaching cold front. This should favor
    initially discrete cells capable of large hail as well as tornadoes
    given forecast effective SRH values on the order of 200-300 m2/s2.
    With time, strong frontal forcing should promote upscale growth with
    an increase in the severe wind threat, though some extended-range
    CAM guidance hints a line-preceding supercells within the weakly
    capped warm sector (though confidence in this scenario is low).
    Regardless, convection traversing the best CAPE/shear parameter
    space in the region should yield a higher potential for severe
    thunderstorms, warranting the introduction of 30% risk
    probabilities.

    ...Kansas into Oklahoma...
    Further south/southwest, rapid upscale growth is anticipated along a southeastward pushing cold front by late afternoon from eastern KS
    into northern OK. Storm motions and deep-layer flow more parallel to
    the initiating boundary may result in initially slow southeastward
    propagation of the convective line, though more substantial
    progression of the line is likely by early evening as the nocturnal
    jet slowly strengthens. Regardless, a severe wind threat appears
    likely with this activity.

    ...Southwest Oklahoma into Western Texas...
    A dryline will likely be draped from western OK southward into
    western TX. Although forcing for ascent will be weak with southward
    extent, weak capping and ample diurnal heating should support at
    least isolated thunderstorm development by late afternoon. While
    low-level wind shear may be somewhat marginal, forecast soundings
    depict elongated hodographs favorable for splitting supercells
    capable of producing large to very large hail.

    ..Moore.. 04/01/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 1 11:37:10 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 011137
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 011136

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0636 AM CDT Wed Apr 01 2026

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTHERN
    IOWA INTO NORTHERN MISSOURI...

    CORRECTED FOR INCORRECT THUNDER LINE ORIENTATION

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are expected Friday afternoon and into the
    evening hours across Iowa southward into the southern Plains. Very
    large hail, severe winds, and tornadoes will be possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    Medium and long-range guidance continue to show reasonably good
    alignment in the progression of an upper wave into the central CONUS
    through the day Friday into early Saturday. Ahead of this wave,
    robust cyclogenesis is anticipated across the central Plains along a
    residual baroclinic zone that should be draped from the Plains
    eastward into the OH Valley in the wake of a leading system on
    Wed/Thu. Northward advection of seasonally rich low-level moisture
    (dewpoints in the low 60s) ahead of the intensifying low and
    attendant cold front will establish a fairly broad warm sector from
    the Midwest southward into the southern Plains. Strong to severe
    thunderstorms will likely develop along and ahead of the cold front
    through late afternoon and early evening with a threat for all
    convective hazards.

    ...Iowa/northern Missouri...
    The most robust convective environment will likely emerge across
    northern MO into southern and central IA by late Friday afternoon.
    Here, strong moisture return behind a northward lifting warm front
    should support MLCAPE values upwards of 2000-2500 J/kg. Strong
    synoptic ascent ahead of the surface low and ejecting upper trough
    will erode warm sector inhibition, and closer proximity to the upper
    jet will allow for 35-45 knot effective bulk shear values nearly
    orthogonal to the approaching cold front. This should favor
    initially discrete cells capable of large hail as well as tornadoes
    given forecast effective SRH values on the order of 200-300 m2/s2.
    With time, strong frontal forcing should promote upscale growth with
    an increase in the severe wind threat, though some extended-range
    CAM guidance hints a line-preceding supercells within the weakly
    capped warm sector (though confidence in this scenario is low).
    Regardless, convection traversing the best CAPE/shear parameter
    space in the region should yield a higher potential for severe
    thunderstorms, warranting the introduction of 30% risk
    probabilities.

    ...Kansas into Oklahoma...
    Further south/southwest, rapid upscale growth is anticipated along a southeastward pushing cold front by late afternoon from eastern KS
    into northern OK. Storm motions and deep-layer flow more parallel to
    the initiating boundary may result in initially slow southeastward
    propagation of the convective line, though more substantial
    progression of the line is likely by early evening as the nocturnal
    jet slowly strengthens. Regardless, a severe wind threat appears
    likely with this activity.

    ...Southwest Oklahoma into Western Texas...
    A dryline will likely be draped from western OK southward into
    western TX. Although forcing for ascent will be weak with southward
    extent, weak capping and ample diurnal heating should support at
    least isolated thunderstorm development by late afternoon. While
    low-level wind shear may be somewhat marginal, forecast soundings
    depict elongated hodographs favorable for splitting supercells
    capable of producing large to very large hail.

    ..Moore.. 04/01/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 1 19:27:15 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 011927
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 011926

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 PM CDT Wed Apr 01 2026

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FRIDAY ACROSS
    PARTS OF SOUTHERN IOWA AND NORTHERN MISSOURI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An extensive squall line may develop across parts of the east
    central Great Plains late Friday afternoon, and perhaps become
    capable of producing widespread strong to severe wind gusts and a
    risk for tornadoes while advancing toward to the middle Mississippi
    Valley and southeastern Great Plains through Friday evening.

    ...Discussion...
    While an initial surface cyclone weakens northeast of the Great
    Lakes region through the St. Lawrence Valley during the day Friday,
    a trailing cold front is forecast to advance into the Northeast
    while stalling near/just south of the Great Lakes region into the
    middle Mississippi Valley vicinity, ahead of a progressive
    large-scale mid/upper trough advancing east of the Rockies. It
    appears that the intersection of this front and a Pacific front
    advancing east of the southern Rockies may become the focus for a
    modest surface cyclone, which guidance generally suggests will
    weaken while migrating east-northeast of the central Great Plains
    and occluding late Friday through Friday night.

    It appears that low-level moisture return ahead of the Pacific cold
    front and dryline will contribute to a corridor of moderate
    boundary-layer CAPE on the order of 1500 J/kg across parts of
    northwest Texas through eastern Kansas and western Missouri by
    Friday afternoon, with similar destabilization possible along the
    stalled frontal zone near the Missouri/Iowa border, perhaps into
    parts of the lower Ohio Valley.

    Aided by mid/upper forcing for ascent downstream of the large-scale
    trough, their appears a considerable signal in latest model output
    that the evolution of a fairly extensive east-southeastward
    advancing squall line is possible ahead of the Pacific cold front
    late Friday afternoon and evening. After an initial period with
    potential for severe hail, widespread strong to severe wind gusts
    and a few embedded tornadoes associated with developing
    meso-vortices will become the primary threats as convection grows
    upscale and forward propagates.

    It is possible that the surface low/frontal intersection near the
    Missouri/Iowa border vicinity could become a potential focus for
    higher severe probabilities. However, given initially cool/stable
    air to the north of this front, and the weakening nature of the
    surface cyclone, this remains unclear. Higher severe weather
    probabilities may need to be focused ahead of the Pacific front
    across parts of western into central Missouri, central into eastern
    Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas in later outlook updates for this
    period.

    ..Kerr.. 04/01/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 2 07:32:18 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 020732
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 020730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Thu Apr 02 2026

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE UPPER
    OHIO RIVER VALLEY AND LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms, including a few strong to severe
    thunderstorms, are expected across portions of the upper Ohio River
    Valley and across the Texas Gulf Coast into the southern Mississippi
    River Valley.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper-level wave (currently noted in water-vapor imagery over the
    Pacific Northwest) is forecast to progress from the central Plains
    into the Great Lakes region late Friday through early Sunday. As
    this occurs, an attendant surface low will migrate northeast,
    gradually weakening through Saturday evening. A trailing cold front
    will push from the Midwest and southern Plains east/southeastward
    into the upper OH Valley and northwestern Gulf. Moisture advection
    ahead of the front, coupled with diurnal heating, should support
    scattered thunderstorm development through the afternoon and early
    evening hours. A few strong to severe thunderstorms appear possible
    across the upper OH Valley and across the TX Gulf Coast into the
    lower MS Valley where deep-layer shear may support organized
    convection.

    ...Upper OH Valley...
    Lingering showers and convection will likely be ongoing across the
    Midwest/OH Valley by 12 UTC Saturday along the advancing cold front.
    This initial activity will likely remain sub-severe through the
    morning hours. Some degree of re-intensification and/or pre-frontal
    development is expected through early/mid-afternoon as diurnal
    heating and moisture advection support increasing buoyancy and
    diminish inhibition. 30-40 knot flow through the 1-6 km layer will
    likely support loosely organized convection capable of strong to
    severe wind gusts, and perhaps sporadic hail. Given the weakening of
    the synoptic low and broad-scale ascent, overall coverage of intense
    convection may be limited. However, higher risk probabilities may be
    warranted if guidance trends towards a greater coverage of robust
    convective clusters and/or line segments.

    ...Lower MS River Valley into the TX Gulf Coast...
    Ongoing convection is likely across east TX early Saturday ahead of
    the southeastward moving cold front. Some degree of
    re-intensification of this activity is anticipated as it migrates
    east towards the MS River where richer low-level moisture will
    support higher buoyancy (MLCAPE values upwards of 1500-2000 J/kg).
    Displacement from the primary upper wave to the north will yield
    marginal deep-layer wind shear values (generally around 25 knots),
    but this should be sufficient for a few organized storms along the
    front through the late afternoon hours with an attendant sporadic
    hail/wind risk. Based on latest CAM guidance, the greatest severe
    risk will likely emerge across the MS Valley into northern LA,
    though some solutions hint that robust convection may develop as far
    southwest as the TX Gulf Coast.

    ..Moore.. 04/02/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 2 19:27:53 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 021927
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 021925

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 PM CDT Thu Apr 02 2026

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS MAINLY SATURDAY AFTERNOON/EVENING ACROSS THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY AND FROM THE
    MID-SOUTH INTO SOUTHEAST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Occasional wind damage will be possible with storms along and in
    advance of a cold front across the upper Ohio Valley and from
    southeast Texas into the Mid-South.

    ...Upper OH Valley and vicinity...
    A surface cold front will move eastward from the MS Valley into the
    OH Valley, to the south of a cyclone progressing into ON/QC and in
    advance of an associated midlevel trough. The typical uncertainties
    surround lingering clouds/rain on the west edge of the outlook area,
    but a gradual increase in low-level moisture and surface heating in
    cloud breaks will support weak buoyancy in advance of the cold front
    Saturday afternoon/evening. Likewise, an increase in low-midlevel
    flow with the approaching midlevel trough will support the potential
    for some wind damage with bands of convection along/ahead of the
    front. The main threat will be during the afternoon/evening, with a
    gradual weakening of convection expected overnight.

    ...Southeast TX to the Mid-South...
    Widespread convection is expected along a cold front late Friday
    into early Saturday, and this front will continue southeastward
    through the day. Boundary-layer dewpoints in the upper 60s and
    surface heating in cloud breaks ahead of the remnant morning
    convection will contribute to moderate buoyancy (MLCAPE of 1000-1500
    J/kg) in the warm sector. Wind profiles will be a little more
    favorable for sustained storms across the northern part of the MRGL
    area, closer to the southern fringe of the stronger midlevel
    westerly flow. The forecast pattern best supports isolated wind
    damage as the primary concern given the modest vertical shear and
    midlevel lapse rates, though the marginal nature of the scenario and
    likely influences of morning convection suggest additional
    refinements are likely in later updates.

    ..Thompson.. 04/02/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 3 07:14:55 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 030714
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030713

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0213 AM CDT Fri Apr 03 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA...FAR SOUTHEAST VIRGINIA AND FAR SOUTHERN
    MARYLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A marginal wind-damage threat is expected to develop on Sunday from
    eastern North Carolina into far southeast Virginia and far southern
    Maryland.

    ...Eastern North Carolina/Far Southeast Virginia/Far Southern
    Maryland...
    An upper-level trough will move eastward into the Ohio and Tennessee
    Valleys on Sunday, as a cold front advances southeastward through
    the Mid-Atlantic and Carolinas. Ahead of the front, surface
    dewpoints will be in the lower to mid 60s F. Weak instability will
    develop ahead of the front during the day, with thunderstorms
    forming and moving eastward toward the Atlantic Coast. A marginal
    severe threat may develop across parts of eastern North Carolina,
    far southeast Virginia and far southern Maryland, where deep-layer
    shear may be strong enough for multicells with isolated severe
    gusts. The threat should be maximized in the mid to late afternoon
    when low-level lapse rates will be steepest.

    ..Broyles.. 04/03/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 3 19:31:29 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 031931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 031930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Fri Apr 03 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SUNDAY ACROSS
    PARTS OF THE SOUTHERN MID ATLANTIC COAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact parts of the southern Mid Atlantic
    Coast vicinity Sunday, accompanied by at least some risk for
    damaging wind gusts.

    ...Discussion...
    Latest model output suggests that a broad, deep occluded surface
    cyclone may deepen at least a bit further while migrating
    east-northeastward across Quebec during this period. Renewed
    cyclogenesis appears possible across the Canadian Maritimes by
    Sunday evening, with a trailing cold front advancing offshore of the
    northern through middle Atlantic coast by early Monday, while
    slowing/stalling across parts of northern Florida.

    Pre-frontal boundary-layer destabilization, where deep-layer mean
    flow and shear appears sufficient to support convective
    organization, is forecast to remain weak, due to generally weak
    tropospheric lapse rates. It appears that this may become focused
    along lee surface troughing across and east of the Carolina
    Piedmont, perhaps as far north as a developing low/frontal wave
    across south central Virginia into the southern Delmarva Peninsula
    by late Sunday afternoon.

    Forcing for ascent, downstream of a short wave impulse progressing
    through the base of approaching larger-scale mid-level troughing, is
    likely to aid convective development, with sheared, 30-50 kt south-southwesterly flow in the 850-500 mb layer contributing
    convective organization with potential to produce damaging wind
    gusts. A narrow broken squall line may evolve, with perhaps
    embedded supercell structures which could also pose the risk for a
    tornado or two while spreading toward coastal areas by early Sunday
    evening.

    ..Kerr.. 04/03/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 4 07:24:34 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 040724
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040723

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 AM CDT Sat Apr 04 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are expected on Monday in
    south-central Florida and over parts of the Desert Southwest, but no
    severe threat is forecast.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level trough and an associated mid-level jet streak will
    move across the Great Lakes on Monday, as a cold front advances
    southward into northern Florida. To the south of the front,
    scattered thunderstorms are expected to form within a moist airmass
    over the southern and central Florida Peninsula during the
    afternoon. Deep-layer shear is forecast to be near or below 20
    knots, suggesting the storms will remain below severe limits.
    Additional thunderstorms are expected to form in the Desert
    Southwest. No severe threat is forecast across the continental U.S.
    Monday and Monday night.

    ..Broyles.. 04/04/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 4 19:04:09 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 041904
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 041902

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0202 PM CDT Sat Apr 04 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are expected on Monday across
    the Florida Peninsula and over parts of the Desert Southwest, but no
    severe threat is forecast.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper trough will persist across the eastern U.S. on Monday. At
    the surface, a cold front draped across northern FL will sag
    southward. A seasonally warm/moist airmass ahead of the front will
    support weak destabilization. Isolated to scattered thunderstorms
    are expected to develop during the afternoon across the FL
    Peninsula. Weak vertical shear and poor lapse rates will preclude
    severe thunderstorm potential. Additional isolated weak
    thunderstorms are possible across portions of the Southwest as an
    upper shortwave trough traverses the region.

    ..Leitman.. 04/04/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 5 07:18:10 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 050718
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050716

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0216 AM CDT Sun Apr 05 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are expected on Tuesday across
    parts of the Florida Peninsula, and in the southern Rockies/Four
    Corners area. No severe threat is forecast across the U.S. Tuesday
    and Tuesday night.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level trough will move eastward to near the Mid-Atlantic
    Seaboard on Tuesday, as a cold front advances southward across the
    Florida Peninsula. A moist airmass will reside over parts of
    southern and central Florida on Tuesday, with scattered thunderstorm development possible as surface temperatures warm. Additional
    thunderstorms will be likely from the Four Corners area eastward
    into the southern Rockies in the afternoon as a mid-level shortwave
    trough passes through. No severe threat is expected across the
    continental U.S. Tuesday and Tuesday night.

    ..Broyles.. 04/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 5 12:41:10 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 051241
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 051239

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0739 AM CDT Sun Apr 05 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    CORRECTED FOR TSTM LINE

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are expected on Tuesday across
    parts of the Florida Peninsula, and in the southern Rockies/Four
    Corners area. No severe threat is forecast across the U.S. Tuesday
    and Tuesday night.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level trough will move eastward to near the Mid-Atlantic
    Seaboard on Tuesday, as a cold front advances southward across the
    Florida Peninsula. A moist airmass will reside over parts of
    southern and central Florida on Tuesday, with scattered thunderstorm development possible as surface temperatures warm. Additional
    thunderstorms will be likely from the Four Corners area eastward
    into the southern Rockies in the afternoon as a mid-level shortwave
    trough passes through. No severe threat is expected across the
    continental U.S. Tuesday and Tuesday night.

    ..Broyles.. 04/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 5 18:34:43 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 051834
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 051833

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0133 PM CDT Sun Apr 05 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are expected on Tuesday across
    parts of the Florida Peninsula, and in the southern Rockies/Four
    Corners area. No severe threat is forecast across the U.S. Tuesday
    and Tuesday night.

    ...Synopsis...

    Several upper shortwave troughs will move across the U.S. on
    Tuesday. A pair of troughs will migrate across the eastern U.S. and
    Florida. Meanwhile a weak shortwave trough will move across the
    southern Rockies and Plains while another moves over the northern
    Rockies. At the surface, high pressure will encompass much of the
    eastern half of the CONUS while a cold front sags south across
    central/southern FL. Isolated thunderstorms may develop ahead of the
    cold front across the FL Peninsula. A dry/stable airmass across much
    of the rest of the CONUS will preclude thunderstorm activity, though
    a few storms are possible as the shortwave upper trough moves across
    the Four Corners and southern Rockies vicinity. Severe storms are
    not expected.

    ..Leitman.. 04/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 6 07:29:18 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 060729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Mon Apr 06 2026

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated large hail will be possible in parts of
    the central Plains Wednesday night.

    ...Central Plains...
    An upper-level trough will move eastward across the north-central
    U.S. on Wednesday, as low-level moisture advection takes place in
    the southern and central Plains. At the surface, a cold front from
    will advance southward into the central Plains. By Wednesday
    evening, the front is forecast to stall over northern Kansas, with
    scattered thunderstorms developing near and to the northern
    boundary. NAM forecast soundings in the vicinity of the front late
    Wednesday evening have a low-level temperature inversion with MUCAPE
    near 1200 J/kg. 700-500 mb lapse rates are forecast around 8 C/km
    with effective shear near 40 knots. This environment should support
    a threat for isolated large hail with elevated supercells. The
    threat may continue into the overnight period, as a low-level jet
    strengthens.

    ..Broyles.. 04/06/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 6 19:09:51 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 061909
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 061908

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0208 PM CDT Mon Apr 06 2026

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF KANSAS INTO FAR SOUTHERN NEBRASKA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated large hail will be possible in parts of
    the central Plains Wednesday evening.

    ...Central Plains...

    A compact upper trough/low will move from the northern Plains to the
    Great Lakes on Wednesday. At the surface, low pressure will shift
    from southern Manitoba to near James Bay in Ontario. A trailing cold
    front will develop southeast across the Upper Midwest and central
    Plains. Boundary-layer moisture will remain limited due to
    persistent surface high pressure across the East, cutting off
    stronger Gulf moisture return. Nevertheless, cold temperatures aloft
    (around -15 C at 500 mb) will support steep midlevel lapse rates and
    weak instability in a corridor along/just ahead of the cold front
    across the central Plains.

    Isolated thunderstorms are forecast near the front during the
    evening. Vertical shear will be somewhat weak through 6 km, but
    effective shear magnitudes around 25-30 kt is evident in forecast
    soundings. Furthermore, strong west/northwesterly flow through the
    top half of the cloud-bearing layer will result in
    lengthened/straight hodographs. A deep, well-mixed boundary layer is
    also forecast. This environment marginally supports a few strong to
    severe storms capable of producing locally strong gusts, and perhaps
    marginally severe hail if updrafts can be sustained.

    ..Leitman.. 04/06/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 7 07:27:26 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 070727
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 070726

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 AM CDT Tue Apr 07 2026

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    THE LOWER TO MID MISSOURI VALLEY INTO THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND
    SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An isolated threat for large hail and severe wind gusts is expected
    to develop on Thursday in parts of the lower to mid Missouri Valley
    westward into the central Plains. Isolated severe storms with hail
    may also develop in the southern High Plains.

    ...Central Plains/Lower to Mid Missouri Valley...
    A mid-levels, a broad cyclonic flow pattern will be in place on
    Thursday over much of the northern U.S., with westerly flow in the
    central states. At the surface, a slow moving front is forecast to
    remain over western and northern Kansas extending eastward into
    northern Missouri. The front will be a focus for convection during
    the afternoon and evening, with scattered thunderstorms becoming
    likely. NAM forecast soundings near the front by early evening have
    MUCAPE ranging from around 2500 J/kg in north-central Kansas to
    around 1200 J/kg in northern Missouri. Effective shear along much of
    this east-to-west corridor is forecast to be from 35 to 45 knots,
    with 700-500 mb lapse rates of 7 to 8 C/km. This should support a
    marginal severe threat. Supercells with isolated large hail and
    strong wind gusts will be possible.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    An upper-level ridge is forecast to move eastward across the
    Intermountain West on Thursday, as westerly mid-level flow remains
    in place over the south-central U.S. At the surface, a moist airmass
    will be located across the southern Plains. A dryline is forecast to
    develop over west Texas by Thursday afternoon. Although large-scale
    ascent will remain weak, low-level convergence near the dryline may
    be enough for isolated convective initiation. Model forecasts
    suggest that an axis of moderate instability will be in place to the
    east of the dryline by afternoon, with MLCAPE in the 1200 to 1500
    J/kg range. In addition, steep mid-level lapse rates will be in
    place. This should support an isolated large hail threat with any
    cells that can initiate, in spite of the limited forcing.

    ..Broyles.. 04/07/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 7 18:53:02 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 071852
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 071852

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0152 PM CDT Tue Apr 07 2026

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS INTO KANSAS AND THE MID-MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An isolated threat for large hail and strong wind gusts is expected
    to develop on Thursday in parts of the lower to mid Missouri Valley
    westward into KS, and southward across the southern High Plains.

    ...Synopsis...

    A mid/upper shortwave trough embedded within larger-scale troughing
    across the northern U.S. will pivot eastward across the northern
    Plains to the Upper Midwest on Thursday. Meanwhile, low-amplitude
    upper ridging over the West will meander eastward toward the
    Rockies. At the surface, a boundary will be oriented west to east
    across northern KS and northern MO while a surface dryline extends south/southwest across western KS into western TX. Neutral height
    tendencies across the southern Plains will preclude stronger surface cyclogenesis, but weak lee surface troughing is forecast across the
    High Plains.

    ...Central Plains to Mid-MO Valley...

    Boundary layer moisture will remain modest across the warm sector,
    with surface dewpoints generally in the 50s F. Nevertheless, steep
    midlevel lapse rates around 7.5-8.5 C/km will support MUCAPE to
    around 1000-1500 J/kg near the west to east surface front.
    Vertically veering wind profiles, with 40-50 kt flow through much of
    the cloud bearing layer will support supercell wind profiles with
    effective shear greater than 40 kt. Large-scale ascent is forecast
    to remain modest, with the main midlevel shortwave passing to the
    north of the area. However, convergence along the boundary and
    continued warm advection into the evening as a low-level jet
    increases should be sufficient for scattered thunderstorm
    development. Isolated large hail will be possible with this activity
    from late afternoon into the evening.

    ...Southern High Plains...

    A more conditional severe thunderstorm environment will exist
    further south along the dryline across western TX toward southwest
    KS. Strong heating and mixing along the boundary, and low-level
    convergence may be sufficient for a few storms developing by
    evening. Steep midlevel lapse rates will support MLCAPE to around
    1000-1500 J/kg. Vertical shear will remain modest, generally less
    than 25 kt effective shear magnitudes. Isolated large hail will be
    possible with any stronger cells that can develop and be maintained. Additionally, a well mixed boundary-layer and inverted-v sub-cloud
    layer thermodynamic profiles suggest locally strong wind gusts also
    may be possible.

    ..Leitman.. 04/07/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 8 07:14:35 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 080714
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080713

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0213 AM CDT Wed Apr 08 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PART OF
    THE SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS INTO THE OZARKS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated severe gusts and hail will be possible
    on Friday over parts of the southern and central Plains eastward
    into the Ozarks.

    ...Southern and Central Plains/Ozarks...
    An upper-level ridge will move eastward into the Rockies on Friday,
    as mid-level flow remains westerly over the Great Plains. At the
    surface, a cold front is forecast to move southward across far
    southern Kansas. Surface heating and low-level convergence along the
    front will aid convective initiation during the afternoon. A few
    small thunderstorm clusters will be possible from late afternoon
    into the evening. Near the front by late afternoon, model forecasts
    have MLCAPE peaking in the 1200 to 1500 J/kg range, and show 0-6 km
    shear in the 25 to 30 knot range. This should be enough for a
    marginal severe threat. Hail and isolated severe gusts will be the
    primary threats.

    ..Broyles.. 04/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 8 19:26:08 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 081926
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 081925

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 PM CDT Wed Apr 08 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    THE TX AND OK PANHANDLES ACROSS SOUTHERN KANSAS...NORTHERN
    OKLAHOMA...AND TOWARD THE OZARKS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated large hail and severe gusts will be
    possible on Friday over parts of the southern and central Plains
    eastward into the Ozarks.

    ...Discussion...
    On Friday, an upper trough will move from the Great Lakes into the
    Northeast, with temporary upper ridging over the Plains in advance
    of a large upper trough moving across the West. At the surface, high
    pressure will exist over the northern Plains to upper MS Valley,
    with a cold front roughly from the KS/OK border into central MO, and
    extending northeastward toward the Lower Great Lakes. This front
    will become nearly stationary during the day over the Plains, and
    will return north overnight as warm front across KS/MO.

    Beneath the upper ridge, potential will exist for scattered
    thunderstorms along the frontal zone at various times of the day.
    Early day storms will be possible from eastern KS into MO and
    possibly northern OK, as the Thursday night activity persists into
    Friday morning with the aid of a southwesterly low-level jet and
    outflows. This activity could pose strong gust potential before
    weakening midday.

    Additional storms will be possible along the east-west front as
    heating occurs to the south of it (and any outflows). Though the
    large-scale pattern will not favor significant coverage of severe
    storms, isolated strong to severe storms may develop as the air mass
    becomes uncapped. Slow-moving severe storms producing large hail
    appear most likely across the northern TX to OK Panhandles into
    southern KS and northwest OK, in closer proximity to the steeper
    lapse rates aloft. Overall, shear will be marginal, but a stationary
    storm may briefly show supercell characteristics given the veering
    winds with height, producing large hail and isolated damaging gusts.

    ..Jewell.. 04/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 9 07:15:43 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 090715
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090714

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0214 AM CDT Thu Apr 09 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated large hail and severe wind gusts will be
    possible on Saturday across parts of west Texas and far eastern New
    Mexico. A marginal severe threat will also be possible across parts
    of the central Plains and mid Missouri Valley.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Mid-level southwesterly flow will gradually strengthen across the
    south-central U.S. on Saturday, as a low-amplitude shortwave trough
    moves northeastward into the southern High Plains. At the surface, a
    moist airmass will be in place over much of southern and central
    Plains, with surface dewpoints from the mid 50s to mid 60s F. A
    surface trough over far eastern New Mexico will be a focus for
    convective development as surface temperatures warm during the day.
    Large-scale ascent associated with the shortwave trough will support
    scattered thunderstorms during the afternoon and evening over much
    of the southern High Plains. MLCAPE is forecast to peak in the 1200
    to 1500 J/kg range over west Texas, where 0-3 km lapse rates should
    reach 7.5 and 8 C/km in the late afternoon. This will be favorable
    for severe wind gusts. In addition, 0-6 km shear is forecast to be
    between 30 and 40 knots over much of the southern High Plains
    suggesting that supercells with large hail will be possible. Severe
    threat coverage may peak in the early to mid evening, especially if
    an MCS can organize over parts of west-central Texas.

    ...Central Plains/Mid Missouri Valley...
    An upper-level ridge will move eastward into the mid to upper
    Mississippi Valley Saturday afternoon, as southwesterly mid-level
    flow becomes established over much of the north-central U.S. At the
    surface, a trough will deepen during the day across the central High
    Plains, with moisture advection continuing over the central Plains
    and Missouri Valley. Weak instability is expected to develop over
    much of this airmass by afternoon. Although large-scale ascent will
    remain limited, isolated thunderstorms will be possible in areas
    where low-level convergence and surface heating become maximized.
    Model forecasts suggest that enough deep-layer shear will be in
    place for a marginal severe threat, with hail and isolated severe
    gusts possible.

    ..Broyles.. 04/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 9 19:34:46 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 091934
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 091933

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0233 PM CDT Thu Apr 09 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER MUCH OF WEST
    TEXAS AND EASTERN NEW MEXICO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms, some producing hail and strong gusts, will
    be possible on Saturday across parts of west Texas and eastern New
    Mexico. Isolated strong storms cannot be ruled out affecting parts
    of central California.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper low will swing southeastward into central/northern CA late
    on Saturday, providing lift and widespread precipitation. To the
    east, an upper ridge will be located over the MS Valley during the
    day, and this will shift east toward the Appalachians by 12Z Sunday.
    In between these features, a broad zone of modest southwest flow
    aloft will encompass the Rockies and Plains states.

    At the surface, a large area of high pressure will exist over the
    eastern states, with gusty south winds helping to bring 50s to 60s F
    dewpoints across TX and OK. A lee trough over the High Plains will
    be a focus for afternoon storm development, where shear may support
    areas of severe storms. Elsewhere, low pressure will also affect
    parts of central CA, moving ashore late in the day. This may also
    focus a few strong storms.

    ...Southern Plains...
    Low pressure will deepen over the northern and central High Plains,
    with gusty south winds bringing 50s F dewpoints as far north as NE
    by 00Z. Southeasterly surface winds will also bring moisture
    westward across west TX and into eastern NM. Here, strong heating
    and a lack of cap will result in scattered to numerous thunderstorms
    during the afternoon. Shear will not be strong, with only 25-35 kt
    southwest winds at 500 mb. Some storms may produce hail, and several
    storms or clusters may propagate eastward through the night with
    areas of strong to severe gusts possible.

    A separate area from northeast CO into KS and western NE may support
    a few severe cells producing hail as well, as this area will
    experience stronger heating near the deepening surface trough, and
    with locally backed surface winds.

    ...Central CA...
    Strong cooling aloft will occur during the afternoon and evening as
    the upper low moves toward the area. Weak instability will develop
    as lapse rates aloft steepen, though just a few hundred J/kg MUCAPE
    is currently forecast. Isolated cells may occur in the central
    valley late in the afternoon, and, along a cold front as it
    approaches the central coast. Gusty winds and perhaps small hail
    will be possible. Severe potential is more uncertain three days out,
    but the setup will continue to be monitored in later outlooks.

    ..Jewell.. 04/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 10 07:12:21 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 100712
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100711

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0211 AM CDT Fri Apr 10 2026

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF KANSAS...OKLAHOMA AND TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible from the southern and
    central Plains into the Upper Midwest on Sunday.

    ...Central/Southern Plains to the Upper Midwest...

    An upper trough will slowly pivot east across the western U.S. on
    Sunday. Low-amplitude, broad southwesterly flow will persist
    downstream of the western trough across much of the rest of the U.S.
    A weak upper shortwave trough is forecast to move across the Upper
    Midwest through midday before weakening over the Great Lakes during
    the afternoon. At the surface, weak troughing will extend from MN
    into NE and southward across western KS/OK/TX. Low 60s F dewpoints
    will be in place east of the surface trough from TX into IA/IL/WI.

    Quite a bit of uncertainty exists for the Day 3 period and forecast
    confidence is fairly low. Precipitation will likely be ongoing
    across portions of OK/TX, and possibly northward into KS and the
    Upper Midwest as a continuation of Day 2 overnight storms and
    persistent warm advection. A weak shortwave impulse over the
    southern Plains Sunday morning will quickly shift northeast through
    midday. It is unclear how this may impact destabilization later in
    the day. In the wake of the morning shortwave, large-scale ascent
    will remain nebulous. Furthermore, the upper shortwave trough moving
    across the northern Plains to the Upper Midwest may be ill-timed
    with peak heating, and may lead to subsidence across the region
    during the afternoon in the wake of this feature.

    Nevertheless, some severe risk, albeit conditional, will be possible
    across portions of the central/southern Plains, likely focused along
    the surface trough/dryline from central KS into western OK and
    portions of western/north TX. Supercell vertical wind profiles are
    evident in forecast soundings, with weak capping noted just above
    850 mb. Steep lapse rates above this layer will be supported by cool temperatures aloft, and MLCAPE values could climb to near 2000 J/kg.
    Storm coverage is uncertain, but if storms can develop and become
    sustained, all severe hazards will be possible.

    A conditional supercell environment will also exist across the Upper
    Midwest ahead of a surface low, though severe risk will depend on
    timing of the aforementioned upper shortwave trough. Given
    uncertainty, will introduce low severe probabilities (level 1 of 5)
    and trends will be monitored.

    ..Leitman.. 04/10/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 10 19:32:54 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 101932
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 101931

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 PM CDT Fri Apr 10 2026

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTHERN KANSAS...WESTERN AND CENTRAL OKLAHOMA...AND NORTHWEST TEXAS INTO
    CENTRAL TEXAS....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible from the southern and
    central Plains into the Upper Midwest on Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Sunday, a ridge will become established across the eastern CONUS
    with a trough advancing slowly inland across the West. A weak
    mid-level shortwave trough will move from the central Plains to the
    Great Lakes during the period. Persistent mid-level flow across the
    Rockies will continue lee troughing and northward moisture transport
    across the Plains.

    ...Central/Southern Plains...
    A large area of precipitation is expected to be ongoing Sunday
    morning from central Oklahoma to central Texas. This is expected to
    move slowly northeast through the day. Subsidence in the wake of the
    morning shortwave trough associated with this activity should allow
    for recovery ahead of the dryline from West Texas to central Kansas.
    In addition, southwesterly to west-southwesterly flow aloft and a well-established EML should assist in erosion of cloud cover across
    this region by late morning. Therefore, by late Sunday afternoon,
    moderate to strong instability is forecast to develop ahead of the
    dryline.

    Forcing across the warm sector remains weak and casts considerable conditionality to the forecast. Guidance shows mostly neutral
    heights across the dryline during the day. In addition, the dryline
    remains relatively diffuse which would not support the strong
    convergent circulations necessary for convective initiation.
    However, it is worth noting that much of the guidance has a dryline
    orientation oriented somewhat northeast to southwest. Therefore, any
    convection which develops within this zone may have a long enough
    residence time to mature before moving off of the dryline. Given the expectation for minimal inhibition during the afternoon, this may
    favor storm development along particular mesoscale corridors along
    the dryline Sunday afternoon/early evening in an otherwise weakly
    forced environment. Given moderate to potentially strong instability
    and moderate shear, large hail (including the potential for 2+ inch
    hail) will likely be the primary hazard with any supercells that
    develop.

    ...Central/South Texas...
    12Z guidance is fairly consistent with the depiction of a mid-level
    shortwave trough moving across northern Mexico during the day
    Sunday. Given the strong instability across northern Mexico and
    south Texas, it would seem likely for storms to develop along the
    higher terrain of northern Mexico during the afternoon/evening ahead
    of this trough. Strong instability downstream could maintain these
    storms through the evening with some potential for upscale growth
    (such as shown by the RRFS). However, significant inhibition on
    forecast soundings and minimal QPF signal from the global guidance,
    combined with minimal convection over the higher terrain in Mexico
    from the other CAM guidance out through 00Z casts some doubt on this
    scenario.

    An additional scenario is possible across central Texas. At the
    southern end of the morning convection, continued storm development
    is possible within a supercell environment. This scenario is less
    certain given rising heights aloft and will likely be dictated by
    the character of the cold pool from Saturday night/Sunday morning
    storms. However, this is a scenario depicted by some guidance (most
    notably the ECMWF) which could have a locally higher severe weather
    threat across this region on Sunday afternoon.

    ...Upper Midwest...
    A conditional supercell environment will also exist across the Upper
    Midwest ahead of a surface low, though severe risk will depend on
    timing of the mid-level shortwave trough. Uncertainties regarding
    storm coverage remain, but will maintain the Marginal Risk and
    trends will be monitored.

    ..Bentley.. 04/10/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 11 07:26:56 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 110726
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110725

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CDT Sat Apr 11 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...AND ACROSS PARTS OF THE SOUTHERN
    PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible across the Upper Mississippi
    Valley and Great Lakes region, and across portions of the southern
    Plains on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper trough from the northern Rockies to southern CA will pivot
    east on Monday, overspreading the Four Corners vicinity by early
    Tuesday. Meanwhile, a shortwave upper trough will migrate east
    across the northern Plains to the Upper Midwest. At the surface, a
    low over the Mid-MO Valley will shift east along a frontal wave
    across MN/WI. Persistent southwesterly deep-layer flow over the
    Rockies into the Plains will maintain surface lee troughing across
    the Plains. Meanwhile, south/southwesterly low-level flow will
    maintain 60s F dewpoints from the southern Plains toward Lake
    Michigan.

    ...Upper Midwest...

    Some spread among various medium-range guidance in the
    placement/track of the surface low leads to some uncertainty
    regarding the northward extent of severe potential on Monday.
    Nevertheless, a moist airmass will reside ahead of the low in the
    vicinity of a surface warm front. Storm coverage is uncertain,
    partly due to possibly capping. However, persistent moderate
    southwesterly flow atop the front as the low begins to shift east
    should provide focus for thunderstorm development during the
    afternoon and evening. Steep midlevel lapse rates and elongated
    hodographs suggest large hail will be possible both within the warm
    sector and with any elevated storms on the cool side of the
    boundary. Some guidance suggests storms could consolidate into a bow
    or linear segment, which would increase damaging wind potential.
    However, this scenario is uncertain. Some severe risk will persist
    eastward along the warm front into MI overnight. These elevated
    storms will mainly pose a hail risk.

    ...Central/Southern Plains...

    Capping is likely to suppress convection along a dryline extending
    across eastern KS into western OK/TX. The exception may be across
    portions of western TX into southwest OK where modest height falls
    could occur toward evening as the western upper trough beings to
    slowly shift east toward the southern Rockies. Mid 60s F dewpoints
    and steep midlevel lapse rates will support moderate to strong
    destabilization. Strong heating along and west of the dryline will
    support mixing and an increasing southerly low-level jet by 00z
    could be sufficient for isolated storm development. Supercell wind
    profiles will support mainly a risk of large hail, though locally
    damaging gusts and a tornado or two will be possible if storms
    develop.

    ..Leitman.. 04/11/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 11 19:30:31 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 111930
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 111929

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 PM CDT Sat Apr 11 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...AND ACROSS PARTS OF THE SOUTHERN
    PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible across the Upper Mississippi
    Valley and Great Lakes region, and across portions of the southern
    Plains on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    The pattern on D3/Monday will be characterized by continued
    mid-level troughing across the western US, shifting east into the
    Great Basin. Strong west to southwesterly flow will continue across
    the Rockies into the central Plains and Upper Midwest. A surface low
    will shift across SD/NE into the Upper Midwest, with attendant
    northward lifting warm front and eventual southward moving cold
    front. These features will be the focus of thunderstorm activity
    late Monday afternoon across MN/IA/WI will additional development
    likely into upper MI through the late evening.

    Across the southern/central Plains, a surface dryline will extend
    from central KS into western OK/southwest TX. Strong daytime heating
    will occur along and ahead of the dryline with an increase in the
    low-level jet by the late afternoon/evening and potential for
    isolated to scattered thunderstorm development.

    ...Upper Midwest...
    Across the Upper Midwest, southerly flow will usher low to mid 60s
    dew points northwards into portions of IA/WI/MN as a surface low
    shifts eastward. The exact northern extent of this moisture remains
    uncertain, however it does appear that thunderstorms will develop
    near the low and along or north of the effective warm front across
    some portion of IA/MN border, perhaps as far west as southeastern
    SD/northern NE. Steep midlevel lapse rates and elongated hodographs
    suggest large to very large hail (some 2-2.5+ inch in diameter) will
    be possible both within the warm sector and with any elevated storms
    on the cool side of the boundary. Some consideration was given to
    introduction a 30% area, primarily concerning the hail risk, across
    the IA/MN border. There still remains uncertainty in guidance of the
    coverage of storms in the open warm sector. Through time, storms may consolidate with a shift to damaging wind potential. For now, opted
    to expand the Marginal and Slight Risks further west into the
    Dakotas but maintain 15% probabilities.

    ...Central/Southern Plains...
    A more conditional threat for thunderstorms will be possible across
    the dryline in the central/southern Plains. Through the day, the
    environment looks to remain largely capped. Beneath this, strong
    daytime heating will yield moderate to strong CAPE within a plume of
    steep low to mid-level lapse rates. Into the late afternoon/evening,
    the low-level jet will increase and this may support development of
    isolated thunderstorm activity along and ahead of the dryline.
    Should this occur, the environment will favor supercells capable of
    large to very large hail, damaging wind, and a couple of tornadoes.

    ..Thornton.. 04/11/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 12 07:19:34 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 120719
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120718

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 AM CDT Sun Apr 12 2026

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS TO THE GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms are expected on Tuesday
    and Tuesday night from the Southern Plains to the Great Lakes.

    ...Synopsis...

    Southwesterly deep-layer flow will persist from the southern Plains
    to the Great Lakes on Tuesday. An upper trough over the western U.S.
    will slowly pivot eastward, emerging over the central/southern High
    Plains by Sunday morning. Surface low pressure will remain centered
    over the central Plains, with troughing extending southwestward into
    west TX. A cold front will slowly sag southward across portions of
    the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes vicinity. The surface trough/dryline
    and the boundary across the Great Lakes will become a focus for
    thunderstorm activity through the forecast period.

    ...Lower MO Valley to the Great Lakes vicinity...

    Convection may be ongoing across portions of the region Tuesday
    morning. This activity should spread east, and persistent warm
    advection should allow for airmass recovery during the afternoon.
    Steep midlevel lapse rates will overspread mid 60s F dewpoints, and
    moderate to strong destabilization is forecast. Stronger height
    falls are not expected across the region, as the main upper trough
    will be focused well to the southwest. However, warm advection atop
    a southward-sagging surface boundary should support isolated to
    scattered storm development by late afternoon/evening. Supercell
    wind profiles are evident in forecast soundings, suggesting an
    all-hazards risk. Given uncertainty related to potential airmass
    contamination from early day convection and cloud cover, and
    potential capping concerns, will maintain Slight risk (level 2 of
    5). However, a rather volatile thermodynamic and kinematic
    environment will exist across portions of the region, and higher
    probabilities may be needed in subsequent outlooks depending on
    forecast trends and mesoscale details.

    ...Southern Plains vicinity...

    Large-scale ascent will begin overspreading the region by late afternoon/evening as the western upper trough finally begins to
    eject eastward. As this occurs, mixing and convergence along a
    surface dryline should support at least isolated storm development
    by around 00z. Steep midlevel lapse rates and mid/upper 60s F
    dewpoints will support strong destabilization amid supercell wind
    profiles. Large to very large hail will be possible in addition to
    strong wind gusts and a tornado or two.

    ..Leitman.. 04/12/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 12 19:32:09 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 121932
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 121930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Sun Apr 12 2026

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS TO THE GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms are expected on Tuesday
    and Tuesday night from the Southern Plains to the Great Lakes.

    ...Synopsis...
    The western US trough will eject across the Rockies on Tuesday with strengthening westerly flow overspreading the Plains into the Great
    Lakes Region. A surface low will deepen across western KS/NE with a
    warm front lifting across the Lower Missouri Valley into the Great
    Lakes and sharpening dryline across the southern/central Plains. A
    cold front will sag southward across the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes
    vicinity. The surface trough/dryline and the boundary across the
    Great Lakes will become a focus for thunderstorm activity through
    the forecast period.

    ...Lower MO Valley to the Great Lakes...
    Convective coverage will overlap the start of the period near 12z on
    Tuesday across portions of the Midwest/Great Lakes Region. Trends
    are for relatively quick clearing across portions of central Iowa
    into Illinois. As the warm front lifts northward, strong daytime
    heating is expected amid dew points in the low to mid 60s. It is
    likely the air mass will recover with potential for moderate to
    strong instability by the afternoon. Stronger height falls are not
    expected across the region, as the main upper trough
    will be focused well to the southwest. However, warm advection atop
    a southward-sagging surface boundary should support isolated to
    scattered storm development by late afternoon/evening. The primary
    risk will be for large to very large hail ( some 2.5"+ in diameter)
    and damaging wind.

    By late afternoon/evening, 700 mb flow will strengthen (around 50-60
    kts) with a plume of steep low to mid-level lapse rate nosing into
    central Iowa/northern Illinois from the southwest. The 850 mb
    low-level jet also increases, with large clockwise curved hodographs
    developing with the resulting increase in low-level shear. If
    supercells can develop and maintain residency along or south of the
    warm front, a corridor of greater tornado risk (a couple of which
    may be strong tornadoes) may present itself.

    Consideration was given to a 30 percent area (primarily hail
    driven). With some uncertainty remaining in morning convection and
    coverage of storms in the afternoon/evening, the 15% was maintained
    with this outlook until more information can be gleaned from hi-res
    guidance.

    ...Southern Plains...
    Ahead of the dryline across the Southern Plains, strong daytime
    heating is expected. Large-scale ascent will begin overspreading the
    region by late afternoon/evening as the western upper trough finally
    begins to eject eastward. As this occurs, mixing and convergence
    along a surface dryline should support storm development by around
    00z. If little convective development occurs on D2/Monday, a
    relatively undisturbed moist/very unstable air mass will be in
    place. It is likely that rather robust thunderstorm development will
    occur along the dryline, with the primary mode being supercelluar.
    Large to very large hail (2 to locally 2.5+ inches in diameter),
    damaging wind, and a couple of tornadoes will be possible. Given
    that deep layer shear profiles have more of a parallel component to
    the dryline, storm interactions may keep the period of more discrete
    supercell thunderstorms short, with a shift to clusters of mix-mode
    supercell and multi-cell storms.

    ..Thornton.. 04/12/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 13 07:17:13 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 130717
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130716

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0216 AM CDT Mon Apr 13 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTION OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO SOUTHERN WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms posing a risk for large hail and strong wind
    gusts will be possible across portions of the southern Plains toward
    the Great Lakes on Wednesday afternoon and evening.

    ...Southern Plains to Great Lakes...

    An upper trough will move from the Plains to the MS Valley vicinity
    on Wednesday. As associated corridor of enhanced southwesterly
    deep-layer flow will overspread a moist/unstable airmass ahead of a
    surface dryline. The southern Plains portion of the dryline will not
    move too much on Wednesday. However, the northern extent of this
    boundary will intersect a weak surface low moving from the Lower MO
    Valley toward Lake Michigan. This portion of the boundary will
    advance eastward toward the MS River during the evening/overnight
    hours.

    Areas of showers and thunderstorms may be ongoing across portions of
    the region Wednesday morning. As a result, there is uncertainty
    regarding how the boundary layer may recover/destabilize during the
    afternoon. Nevertheless, at least pockets of moderate
    destabilization (1000-2000 J/kg MLCAPE) are expected within a
    corridor along and east of the surface boundary. Effective shear
    magnitudes greater than 40 kt will be sufficient for organized
    convection, with large hail and strong wind gusts being the primary
    hazards.

    ..Leitman.. 04/13/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 13 19:22:16 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 131922
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 131921

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 PM CDT Mon Apr 13 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTION OF THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO SOUTHERN WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms posing a risk for large hail and strong wind
    gusts will be possible across portions of the southern Plains toward
    the Great Lakes on Wednesday afternoon and evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    The upper-level trough will move eastward from the Plains into the
    Upper Midwest on Wednesday, with continued enhanced west to
    southwesterly flow across the southern Plains into the Great Lakes
    Region. The surface dryline will remain in a similar location from
    Tuesday, extending across western Oklahoma into southwestern and
    western Texas. A surface low will shift eastward across IA into WI,
    with a cold front shifting south and east through the period.
    Scattered thunderstorm development is expected from the Southern
    Plains into the Upper Midwest along the aforementioned boundaries
    Wednesday afternoon and evening.

    ...Southern Plains to Great Lakes...
    Widely scattered showers and thunderstorms will be ongoing at the
    start of the period at 12z Wednesday across much of the Slight Risk
    region. A secondary round of thunderstorm development is likely to
    occur near and ahead of the dryline extending from west Texas into
    western Oklahoma Wednesday afternoon. It remains somewhat uncertain
    how morning convection will evolve and what the resulting effect on
    the thermodynamic environment will be. Most guidance suggests that
    in the area ahead of the dryline across central OK to the Red River
    in northern Texas will develop at least moderate instability
    (1000-2000 J/kg of MLCAPE). Deep layer shear profiles will remain
    strong favoring supercells as the primary mode. The main threat will
    be for large to very large hail and damaging wind, given linearly
    elongated hodographs and weaker low-level shear.

    Thunderstorms are also expected to re-develop further north across
    the central Plains into the Great Lakes region along the
    dryline/cold front intersection. A messy mode with mix of supercells
    and multi-cell clusters is likely given the eventual southward
    moving cold front. Similarly, the main risks will be for damaging
    wind and large hail across these regions.

    ...Northeast...
    Shower and thunderstorm activity is expected to develop along and
    south of a diffuse frontal boundary across the Great Lakes into
    southern NY/northern PA. Modestly unstable profiles, steepening
    lapse rates, and strong deep layer shear will allow for some
    isolated severe storm risk. Primary risk would be for damaging wind
    and small hail, though, a tornado could be possible near the
    boundary.

    ..Thornton.. 04/13/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 14 07:23:23 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 140723
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140722

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 AM CDT Tue Apr 14 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE OHIO
    VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible on Thursday
    across portions of the Ohio Valley.

    ...Lower Ohio Valley/Midwest vicinity...

    An upper shortwave trough will move from the MS Valley to the
    Appalachians on Thursday. Moderate southwesterly deep-layer flow
    will overspread the MO Bootheel toward Lake Erie ahead of this
    feature. At the surface, a corridor of upper 50s to low 60s F
    dewpoints will be in place ahead of a surface front. Some ongoing
    convection and cloudiness early in the day will limit stronger
    destabilization, but at least weak MLCAPE around 500-1000 J/kg is
    forecast. While low-level flow will be weak, around 30-40 kt
    west/southwesterly flow between 850-700 mb and 40+ kt effective
    shear magnitudes will aid in some storm organization. A mix of
    clusters and line segments will bring a risk of locally strong gusts
    where stronger heating results in steepened low-level lapse rates.

    ...Southern Plains vicinity...

    A conditionally favorable supercell environment will be in place
    across the southern Plains on Thursday ahead of a dryline. A weak
    shortwave impulse is forecast to move across the region early in the
    day, departing by early afternoon. Height rises/shortwave ridging is
    then forecast to build across the area. At this time, thunderstorm
    development is not forecast as weak capping in the absence of
    large-scale ascent should be maintained. However, trends will be
    monitored given the otherwise very favorable thermodynamic and
    kinematic environment. Otherwise, isolated elevated convection is
    possible late in the period in a warm advection regime across north
    TX into southern OK.

    ..Leitman.. 04/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 14 19:16:28 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 141916
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 141915

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0215 PM CDT Tue Apr 14 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE LOWER
    OHIO VALLEY REGION INTO PARTS OF NEW YORK...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible on Thursday
    extending from southeast Missouri across the Ohio Valley and into
    parts of New York.

    ...Synopsis...
    A progressive pattern will persist on Thursday, with a leading
    shortwave trough moving quickly across OH valley into the Northeast.
    This wave will breakdown the ridge along the East Coast, and provide
    a focus for scattered strong storms. Low-level warm advection out of
    the west/southwest will help destabilize the region with storms most
    likely during the afternoon from the Lower Great Lake across much of
    upstate NY and northern PA. Instability will be sufficient to
    support a few fast-moving cells capable of marginal hail and locally
    damaging gusts.

    To the southeast, storm coverage is less certain, particularly from
    AR/MO into the lower OH Valley. Here, cool temperatures aloft will
    linger, aiding instability, though somewhat behind the upper trough
    affecting the northeastern states. Showers and storms are most
    likely in the morning in association with the main wave, but
    conditional severe probabilities will be higher during the afternoon
    when instability redevelops. Any storms that form will be capable of
    producing hail, from MO into AR, western TN/KY, IL and IN.

    ..Jewell.. 04/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 15 07:29:35 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 150729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Wed Apr 15 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF NORTHERN OKLAHOMA AND EASTERN KANSAS...MISSOURI...IOWA...AND FAR
    NORTHWEST ILLINOIS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widespread severe thunderstorms are expected from parts of the
    southern Plains to the Middle and Upper Mississippi Valley vicinity
    on Friday and Friday night. All severe hazards will be possible.

    ...Southern Plains to MS Valley...

    A robust upper trough will eject eastward from the northern High
    Plains and central Rockies to the Upper Midwest and central Plains
    on Friday. As this occurs, strong deep-layer southwesterly flow will
    overspread portions of the central/southern Plains to the Mid/Upper
    MS Valley and Great Lakes. Flow at 850-700 mb around 40-60 kt will
    be common. At the surface, a cold front will extend from northern MN
    to a low over eastern NE Friday morning. Meanwhile, a dryline will
    extend southwest from the NE low into central KS, northwest OK and
    western TX. A warm front initially arcing across central IA into
    south-central IL will lift northward through the period ahead of the eastward-advancing surface low tracking across northern IA/southern
    MN into WI. A warm sector characterized by mid/upper 60s F dewpoints
    will be in place across the southern Plains to the Mid-MS Valley by
    midday, with a narrow plume of low 60s F dewpoints extending north
    into portions of eastern MN and WI. Steep midlevel lapse rates (7-8
    C/km) will overspread this moist boundary layer, resulting in
    moderate to strong destabilization.

    As strong ascent overspreads the aforementioned surface boundaries
    by mid afternoon, widespread thunderstorm development is expected.
    While initial supercells are possible given a favorable
    thermodynamic environment and supercell vertical wind profiles,
    linear forcing along the front combined with strong deep-layer
    southwesterly flow parallel to the initiating boundary may result in
    rapid upscale development into a QLCS, particularly from northeast
    KS/northwest MO into IA. A well-organized line of convection will
    pose a damaging wind risk along with possible QLCS tornadoes as
    convection develops eastward through the afternoon/evening. If any
    discrete supercells develop, an all-hazards risk will also accompany
    that activity.

    Further south across southern KS into OK, supercell development may
    be more probable, at least initially. Convection will initially
    develop along the dryline prior to the cold front overtaking this
    boundary later in the evening. Any supercells that develop and can
    maintain discrete characteristics will pose a risk for very large
    hail, strong tornadoes, and damaging winds. With time, the cold
    front will overtake the dryline during the evening and move
    southeast overnight. Linear convection is expected along the front,
    posing a damaging wind and isolated tornado risk during the
    nighttime hours.

    Capping, weakening large-scale ascent and more modest vertical shear
    with southern extent may limit storm potential along the dryline in western/west-central TX.

    ..Leitman.. 04/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 15 19:33:27 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 151933
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 151932

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0232 PM CDT Wed Apr 15 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM OKLAHOMA NORTHEASTWARD INTO IOWA AND ILLINOIS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widespread severe thunderstorms are expected from parts of the
    southern Plains to the Middle and Upper Mississippi Valley vicinity
    Friday into Friday night. A few tornadoes, possibly strong, very
    large hail, and damaging winds will be possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper trough will move out of the Rockies and into the Plains on
    Friday, with primary midlevel speed max intensifying from the
    central Plains into the upper MS Valley. A southern stream system
    will also intensify the upper-wind pattern from northern Mexico into
    the southern Plains.

    At the surface, a cold front is forecast to extend from MN into KS
    Friday morning, progressing roughly to a WI to central MO to
    northern OK line by 00Z. Meanwhile, a warm front will push north
    into WI, extending southeastward near Chicago.

    Of particular note for this setup are model trends, which have
    consistently shown the cold front pushing farther east and south
    than the previous model runs. This results in a lower confidence
    forecast in terms of the precise area of greatest threat and degree
    of tornado potential.

    Despite these uncertainties, the environment ahead of the cold front
    will be quite favorable for supercells, with steep midlevel lapse
    rates, ample shear, and strong instability. These factors will
    clearly favor very large damaging hail, a risk of tornadoes, and
    eventually damaging winds. A broad 40-50 kt low-level jet will
    contribute to favorable low-level shear for tornadoes, and a couple
    strong tornadoes will be possible prior to the cold front and
    aggregate outflows undercutting the initial activity. Favored areas
    for tornadoes will be southern KS into western/northern OK in
    proximity to the dryline, and farther north into eastern IA and
    southern WI where SRH will be stronger near the low.

    Even if the cold front surges faster than currently indicated, a
    widespread damaging wind threat could occur. Trends will continue to
    be monitored as the event nears.

    ..Jewell.. 04/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 16 07:07:06 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 160707
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160705

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0205 AM CDT Thu Apr 16 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE OHIO VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms capable of damaging winds
    and hail will be possible on Saturday across part of the Ohio
    Valley.

    ...Ohio Valley...

    A large-scale upper trough oriented over the Upper Midwest and
    Plains will shift east over the Great Lakes, Midwest and TN Valley
    on Saturday/Saturday night. Strong deep-layer southwesterly flow
    will overspread the Ohio Valley ahead of an eastward-advancing cold
    front. This front should be located from Lower MI into southeast MO
    Saturday morning, moving across the Ohio Valley through early
    evening. Modest boundary-layer moisture will be in place ahead of
    the front. Daytime heating into the 70s and modestly steep midlevel
    lapse rates will support weak destabilization (generally less than
    1000 J/kg MLCAPE). While instability will be modest, strong low and
    midlevel flow will support organized cells and/or line segments
    capable of strong gusts. Any discrete cellular activity also may
    produce marginally severe hail. These severe risk should gradually
    wane during the evening with eastward extent.

    ...TX to the Lower MS Valley...

    Thunderstorms are expected along a southeast-advancing cold front
    Saturday afternoon and evening. Deep-layer flow will be oriented
    parallel to the front, and convection may largely be anafrontal or
    quickly undercut by the front. While weak MUCAPE is noted in
    forecast soundings, severe potential is not expected at this time.

    ..Leitman.. 04/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 16 19:27:41 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 161927
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 161926

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 PM CDT Thu Apr 16 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER MUCH OF THE
    UPPER OHIO VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms capable of damaging winds
    and hail will be possible on Saturday from the upper Ohio Valley.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper trough will move toward the upper Great Lakes and OH Valley
    on Saturday, with a cold front moving quickly east and extending
    from western NY/PA into KY/TN by 00Z. A narrow plume of upper 50s F
    to near 60 F dewpoints will exist and contribute to up to 1000 J/kg
    MUCAPE.

    Storms will likely be ongoing early in the day along the front as it
    moves out of IN and into western OH/KY, and 40-50 kt southwest winds
    at 850 mb may support damaging gusts potential. Heating ahead of the
    front from OH/PA southward into WV/KY/TN may support new
    development, although lapse rates aloft over southern areas will be
    poor. Still, favorable deep-layer mean wind speeds and sufficient
    shear may support isolated severe gusts or marginal hail, especially
    into OH/western PA. Further, low-level shear will be strongest over
    northern areas, with some supercell potential.

    ..Jewell.. 04/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 17 06:55:16 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 170655
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170653

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0153 AM CDT Fri Apr 17 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong mid-level trough will move from the Great Lakes to
    southeast Canada during the day on Sunday. A cold front is forecast
    to initially exist from southeast Virginia to the Florida Panhandle.
    The cold front will move into the Atlantic and Gulf as surface high
    pressure builds in its wake.

    Some lingering moisture and weak instability will likely be present
    ahead of the front Sunday morning. By late morning, heating may be
    sufficient for some storms along and ahead of the front. However,
    given the weak instability, no severe weather is expected. This
    front will continue southeast into the Atlantic/Gulf by late
    afternoon and bring an end to any storm threat across the CONUS
    (except for the Florida Peninsula).

    ..Bentley.. 04/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 17 19:26:48 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 171926
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 171925

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 PM CDT Fri Apr 17 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Sunday.

    ...Discussion...
    An amplified large-scale trough will move eastward from the Great
    Lakes to the Northeast on Sunday, while a related cold front moves
    off the Eastern Seaboard. Despite poor deep-layer lapse rates, a
    narrow corridor of diurnal heating amid lower/middle 60s dewpoints
    (higher over the FL Peninsula) ahead of the front should support
    isolated thunderstorms from the coastal Carolinas southward across
    parts of the FL Peninsula. Weak/narrow buoyancy profiles will limit thunderstorm intensity and the severe risk.

    ..Weinman.. 04/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 18 07:09:54 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 180709
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180708

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0208 AM CDT Sat Apr 18 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not expected on Monday.

    ...Discussion...
    High pressure and a dry airmass will limit thunderstorm potential
    across most of the CONUS on Monday. The only exceptions will be
    across South Florida and parts of the Southwest into West Texas.
    Across South Florida, mid 60s dewpoints are forecast to persist on
    Monday which may allow for sufficient instability for scattered
    storm development. Weak instability should limit any severe weather
    threat with this activity.

    Additional isolated storms are possible across parts of the
    Southwest into portions of West Texas as moisture return may lead to
    some weak instability. No severe storms are expected from this
    activity.

    ..Bentley.. 04/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 18 19:16:28 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 181916
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 181915

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0215 PM CDT Sat Apr 18 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not expected on Monday.

    ...Discussion...
    A midlevel trough will move from the Northeast off the New England
    coast on Monday, while the tail end of a related cold front
    continues southward into the Caribbean Sea. North of the front in
    southern FL, diurnal heating amid a moist post-frontal air mass
    should support isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms, though
    weak buoyancy and limited large-scale forcing for ascent should
    limit the severe risk.

    Farther west, weak low-level warm advection and modest moisture
    return ahead of a low-amplitude midlevel impulse moving into south
    TX will support a couple rounds of isolated/elevated thunderstorms
    across southwest TX. Isolated thunderstorm potential could spread
    further north into central TX late in the period, though confidence
    in this scenario is currently low. Additional diurnal thunderstorms
    are possible across the Southwest as the midlevel moisture impinges
    on the region, with most of this activity expected over the higher
    terrain.

    ..Weinman.. 04/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 19 07:28:33 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 190728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Sun Apr 19 2026

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible across the western CONUS, the
    south-central CONUS, and the southern Great Lakes. No severe weather
    is anticipated.

    ... Synopsis ...

    A large-scale midlevel trough will move push inland across the
    western CONUS into the Great Basin on Wednesday, with downstream
    ridging building across the central CONUS in response. Across the
    Northeast, northwest flow aloft will prevail downstream of the
    central CONUS ridge. An embedded jet streak and associated vorticity
    maximum within the northwest flow will aid driving a weak surface
    low and attendant frontal boundary southeast across the Great Lakes
    through the forecast period. Meanwhile, the surface ridge across the
    Southeast will move east, just offshore of the Southeast Atlantic
    Coast, promoting return flow across the Plains. The return flow will
    be aided by the development of lee troughing across much of the High
    Plains.

    ... Western US ...

    Scattered showers are expected across portions of the West in
    association with the inland-moving large-scale trough. Seasonably
    cool midlevel temperatures will support enough instability for a few thunderstorms, although severe potential is very low.

    ... South-central US ...

    Showers and thunderstorms will be possible across the region within
    the return flow regime. Here, weak warm-air advection combined with
    between 500-1000 J/kg of MUCAPE will support convective development.
    Weak vertical shear and the lack of strong forcing for ascent should
    limit any severe potential.

    ... Southern Great Lakes ...

    Scattered showers a few thunderstorms will be possible within the
    surface frontal zone as it pushes south/southeast during the day.
    Instability around 500 J/kg MUCAPE and weak effective layer shear
    should preclude a more robust severe weather event, but a strong
    wind gust or two may be possible.

    ..Marsh.. 04/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 19 19:37:35 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 191937
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 191936

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0236 PM CDT Sun Apr 19 2026

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible across the western CONUS, the
    south-central CONUS, and the southern Great Lakes on Tuesday.
    Potential for severe weather appears low.

    ...Synopsis...
    Upper ridging will be the primary feature across much of the CONUS
    from the eastern Great Basin into Plains on Tuesday. Moderate
    northwesterly flow aloft will remain across the Upper Midwest and
    portions of the Ohio Valley in the wake of a stronger upper trough.
    Along the West Coast, an upper trough is expected to slowly move
    ashore in central California into the western Great Basin. At the
    surface, continued presence of high pressure in the Southeast and
    off the Atlantic coast will drive moisture return into a
    stalled/remnant cold front in central Plains and Lower Great Lakes
    vicinity.

    ...Lower Great Lakes...
    Modest moisture return ahead of the boundary is expected to promote
    isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms. This may not occur until
    early/mid evening, however. Temperatures will be quite cold aloft
    (perhaps near -20 C at 500 mb), but moisture could be quite limited (potentially in the 40s F). The NAM is again the most aggressive
    with moisture return as compared to other guidance. Should
    sufficient moisture return occur, shear will be sufficient for
    marginally organized convection capable of strong gusts and hail.
    Uncertainty is high given how dry the airmass is preceding this
    moisture return and convection near the Gulf Coast on preceding days
    will potentially slow northward progress.

    ...Central Valley California...
    Ahead of the upper low, southeasterly winds may develop within the
    Valley. While destabilization will not be overly strong, pockets of
    heating could lead to modest MLCAPE values by the afternoon. Shear
    will be a limiting factor for overall severe potential, but a
    stronger storm or two is possible.

    ...Central Texas...
    Convection will be ongoing early Tuesday morning. Modest deep-layer
    shear and elevated buoyancy could promote a couple stronger storms
    capable of small hail. However, storms should generally become less
    organized with time as upper-level ridging builds in through the
    day.

    ..Wendt.. 04/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 20 07:28:38 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 200728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Mon Apr 20 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE HIGH PLAINS OF NEBRASKA SOUTH INTO THE TEXAS PANHANDLE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of hail and gusty winds may develop
    during the late afternoon and evening across portions of the High
    Plains. Elsewhere, thunderstorms will be possible across the
    northern Gulf Coast and portions of the Ohio Valley.

    ... Synopsis ...

    A shortwave trough will eject northeast out of the basal region of
    the western CONUS trough and into the northern Plains on Wednesday.
    As this happens, strengthening southerly/southwesterly midlevel flow
    will overspread much of the High Plains. A surface cyclone over
    eastern Montana will gradually deepen as it slowly moves east.

    ... Central High Plains south into the southern High Plains ...

    As the Montana surface cyclone gradually deepens on Wednesday, Gulf
    moisture will be drawn northward into the central and northern
    Plains. As the upper trough approaches the region during the late afternoon/evening, modest height falls are expected to overspread a
    sharpening dryline across far eastern Colorado or western Nebraska
    south into the Texas Panhandle. Kinematic profiles up and down the
    dryline show ample vertical shear for supercells capable of
    producing hail and gusty winds. However, considerable uncertainty
    remains regarding thunderstorm coverage owing to the significant
    differences in the depth and quality of the boundary layer moisture
    return noted in the 20260420/00Z guidance suite. For example, the
    NAM is nearly 5F more moist along the dryline across portions of
    Nebraska than global models.

    That said, pattern recognition and 00Z RRFS suggest that at least a
    couple of storms should develop along the dryline from Nebraska
    south into the eastern Texas Panhandle. Deep-layer flow will largely
    parallel the dryline during the afternoon which should preclude much
    eastward advancement. A 5% unconditional risk area has been added to
    account for this potential.

    ... Elsewhere Across the CONUS ...

    Thunderstorms may be ongoing at the start of the forecast period and
    persist into the early afternoon across portions of the northern
    Gulf Coast. The thunderstorm potential should wane with time as
    increasing midlevel heights suppress large-scale ascent.

    Additionally, modest low-level moisture and weak instability may
    support a few lightning strikes within a weak surface boundary
    across the Ohio Valley.

    ..Marsh.. 04/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 20 19:31:42 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 201931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 201930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Mon Apr 20 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE
    HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of hail and gusty winds may develop
    during the late afternoon and evening across portions of the High
    Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad trough will begin to move into the Rockies and adjacent High
    Plains. A shortwave trough will eject into the northern Plains in
    association with the broader trough. At the surface, a deep surface
    low will develop in eastern Montana with a lee trough/dryline
    extending into the southern High Plains.

    ...High Plains...
    As the upper-trough approaches the Rockies, the lee trough and
    dryline are expected to sharpen. Forcing for ascent will be
    strongest in the Nebraska Panhandle/western South Dakota vicinity.
    This area is also has the largest variability in terms of moisture
    return (the NAM being much more bullish than the ECMWF). Farther
    south, moisture will generally be greater. Guidance is in agreement
    that 60s F dewpoints are probable in the Texas South Plains and
    perhaps parts of the Panhandle. The issue farther south will be the
    lack of synoptic ascent. Temperatures behind the dryline will be in
    the upper 80s F to perhaps low 90s F. The depth of the circulation
    may be enough to initiate an isolated storm or two, but confidence
    is still not overly high. Environmentally, deep-layer shear will be
    oriented roughly perpendicular to the dryline, especially from
    western Kansas southward. Supercells would be favored if storms
    develop. MLCAPE of 1000 J/kg in South Dakota to 1500-2500 J/kg
    farther south is expected by the afternoon. Large hail and severe
    wind gusts would be possible.

    ...Central/Easter Montana...
    With the surface low deepening through the day, at least modest
    moisture return northwestward is anticipated into central/eastern
    Montana. However, moisture will still be quite scant across the
    region. Dewpoints may not reach the 40s F. Given the forcing for
    ascent, high-based convection is possible. The very dry sub-cloud
    layers could lead to gusty outflow winds. At present, confidence in
    severe gusts is too low to warrant wind probabilities.

    ..Wendt.. 04/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 21 07:39:45 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 210739
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210738

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0238 AM CDT Tue Apr 21 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHERN MINNESOTA SOUTHWARD INTO NORTHERN OKLAHOMA...

    CORRECTED FOR TEXTUAL CLARITY

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms will be possible from northern Oklahoma into
    southern Minnesota on Thursday. Large hail to very large hail,
    damaging winds, and a few tornadoes are possible.

    ... Synopsis ...

    A complex convective setup is expected on Thursday as a broad,
    long-wave trough remains anchored across the Western US. While the initial/primary shortwave will be lifting northward into Canada, a
    secondary, lower amplitude wave is progged to approach the Southern
    Plains overnight Thursday into Friday.

    At the surface, a Pacific cold front and dryline will push eastward
    into the Central Plains. A secondary surface low is forecast to
    develop near the triple point in northwest Oklahoma/southwest
    Kansas. This feature will serve as the southern extent of the more
    organized severe threat, with a conditional threat southward along
    the dryline.

    ... Central Plains ...

    Thunderstorms are expected to develop along an advancing cold
    front/dryline across portions eastern Nebraska into western Iowa,
    before expanding both north and south. MUCAPE values between
    1500-2500 J/kg and deep-layer shear on the order of 30-40 knots will
    support supercellular structures initially, but unidirectional
    profiles may favor splitting supercells, storm interference, and a
    tendency for upscale growth into one or more linear segments. While
    a few tornadoes may be possible early in the convective evolution,
    large hail and damaging winds should become the dominant threat with
    time.

    ... Southern Plains ...

    Convective initiation along the dryline south of the triple point
    remains uncertain due to stronger capping. However, any discrete
    cells that manage to initiate will do so in an environment
    characterized by MUCAPE values between 2000-3000 J/kg with 30-40
    knots of vertical shear. This will be more than sufficient to
    support supercells capable of very large hail.

    A secondary wave should approach the region overnight Thursday into
    Friday morning. Forecast soundings indicate a steepening of midlevel
    lapse rates associated with this feature and a subsequent increase
    in CAPE values. Depending on the evolution of thunderstorms during
    the afternoon and evening, additional thunderstorms may develop
    overnight. The severe potential of these storms is uncertain given
    the overnight timing of the wave and increasing convective
    inhibition. However, strong vertical shear would seem to support a
    hail and wind threat.

    ... Northern Plains/Upper Mississippi Valley ...

    As the cold front pushes into the more modest moisture and buoyancy
    profiles across northern Minnesota, the severe threat should be
    lesser than areas to the south. Still, proximity to the upper wave
    should support at least some threat for wind with any thunderstorms
    that develop.

    ..Marsh.. 04/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 21 07:31:45 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 210731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Tue Apr 21 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHERN MINNESOTA SOUTHWARD INTO NORTHERN OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms will be possible from northern Oklahoma into
    southern Minnesota on Thursday. Large hail to very large hail,
    damaging winds, and a few tornadoes are possible.

    ... Synopsis ...

    A complex convective setup is expected on Thursday as a broad,
    long-wave trough remains anchored across the Western US. While the initial/primary shortwave will be lifting northward into Canada, a
    secondary, lower amplitude wave is progged to approach the Southern
    Plains overnight Thursday into Friday.

    At the surface, a Pacific cold front and dryline will push eastward
    into the Central Plains. A secondary surface low is forecast to
    develop near the triple point in northwest Oklahoma/southwest
    Kansas. This feature will serve as the southern extent of the more
    organized severe threat, with a conditional threat southward along
    the dryline.

    ... Central Plains ...

    Thunderstorms are expected to develop an advancing cold
    front/dryline across portions eastern Nebraska into western Iowa,
    before expanding both north and south from here. MUCAPE values
    between 1500-2500 J/kg and deep-layer shear on the order of 30-40
    knots will support supercellular structures initially. However,
    unidirectional profiles will support splitting supercells and favor
    an upscale growth into one or more linear segments. While a few
    tornadoes may be possible early in the convective evolution, large
    hail and damaging winds may become the dominant threat with time.

    ... Southern Plains ...

    Convective initiation along the dryline south of the triple point
    remains uncertain due to stronger capping. However, any discrete
    cells that manage to initiate will do so in an environment
    characterized by MUCAPE values between 2000-3000 J/kg with 30-40
    knots of vertical shear. This will be more than sufficient to
    support supercells capable of very large hail.

    A secondary wave should approach the region overnight Thursday into
    Friday morning. Forecast soundings indicate a steepening of midlevel
    lapse rates associated with this feature and a subsequent increase
    in CAPE values. Depending on the evolution of thunderstorms during
    the afternoon and evening, additional thunderstorms may develop
    overnight. The severe potential of these storms is uncertain given
    the overnight timing of the wave and increasing convective
    inhibition. However, strong vertical shear would seem to support an
    ongoing hail and wind threat.

    ... Northern Plains/Upper Mississippi Valley ...

    As the cold front pushes into the more modest moisture and buoyancy
    profiles across northern Minnesota, the severe threat should be
    lesser than areas to the south. Still, proximity to the upper wave
    should support at least some threat for wind with any thunderstorms
    that develop.

    ..Marsh.. 04/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 21 19:38:18 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 211938
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 211937

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0237 PM CDT Tue Apr 21 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF THE
    MID-MISSOURI VALLEY VICINITY INTO SOUTHERN KANSAS AND NORTHERN
    OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms will be possible from northern Oklahoma into
    southern Minnesota on Thursday. Large hail to very large hail,
    damaging winds, and a few tornadoes are possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    Two shortwave troughs within a larger-scale trough over much of the
    Rockies will pivot northeast on Thursday. The initial shortwave will
    impact parts of the central Plains and mid-Missouri Valley. A
    second, compact shortwave will pivot into parts of Oklahoma and
    Kansas. At the surface, moisture return will continue ahead of a
    Pacific cold front in the central Plains. A weak surface low is
    expected to develop along the Oklahoma/Kansas border and track
    eastward. Attendant to this low, a dryline will drape southward into
    the Permian Basin.

    ...Central and southern Kansas...Oklahoma...
    With mid-level ascent arriving mid/late afternoon, storms are likely
    to initiate along the cold front as well as near the triple point
    associated with the weak surface low along the KS/OK border.
    Supercells are most likely near the triple point and could persist
    so long as storm interactions remain minimal. 40-45 kts of shear and
    2000-3000 J/kg MLCAPE will promote storms capable of all hazards,
    including tornadoes and very-large hail. A strong low-level jet will
    develop ahead of this activity during the evening. The tornado
    threat could increase for storms that can remain discrete.

    In Oklahoma, if and how many storms develop remains uncertain along
    the dryline. Northern portions of Oklahoma are more likely to have
    severe storms given the proximity to the surface low. A similar
    environment will exist east of the dryline as does farther north
    into southern Kansas. There is a conditional threat for all severe
    hazards.

    ...Mid-Missouri Valley...
    Storms are expected to develop along the cold front potentially as
    early as mid afternoon. However, capping appears strong enough in
    forecast soundings that initiation could delay until late afternoon.
    Steep mid-level lapse rates will be in place along and ahead of the
    front. Deep-layer shear will be 30-40 kts, but generally parallel to
    the front. Initial storms could be supercellular and produce large
    to very-large hail early in the convective cycle. Upscale growth
    appears likely to occur rather quickly. Damaging/severe winds would
    become the primary risk at that point. Tornadoes are also possible
    given the low-level shear, both with initial supercells and perhaps
    with QLCS circulations.

    ..Wendt.. 04/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 22 07:22:54 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 220722
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220721

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 AM CDT Wed Apr 22 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few severe thunderstorms will be possible across portions of the
    Southern Plains into the Lower Mississippi Valley on Saturday. Large
    hail and damaging wind gusts should be the primary threats.

    ... Synopsis ...

    A persistent longwave trough will remain situated across the
    northern US on Friday, maintaining a broad regime of cyclonic
    midlevel flow over the western two-thirds of the country. Within
    this broad flow, neutral to modest midlevel height rises are likely
    across the Southern Plains. This evolution suggests a lack of robust large-scale forcing for ascent, with subtle subsidence potentially
    acting as a limiting factor for widespread convective coverage.

    ... Southern Plains into the Lower Mississippi Valley ...


    At the start of the forecast period, convective activity may be
    ongoing across portions of northeast Oklahoma, southeast Kansas,
    southern Missouri, or northern Arkansas along a consolidated outflow boundary/cold front. These storms should slowly weaken during the
    morning with the loss of large-scale ascent and a weakening
    low-level jet. The outflow boundary/cold front should slowly sag
    south through the morning before stalling somewhere in the vicinity
    of the I40 corridor. This feature will serve as the primary focus
    for subsequent development later in the afternoon, with residual
    outflow or differential heating boundaries being a secondary source
    of initiation.

    South of the frontal boundary, a highly unstable airmass will remain
    in place across the warm sector. Strong diabatic heating of a moist
    boundary layer will yield pockets of moderate-to-strong instability,
    with MUCAPE values potentially in the 2000-3000 J/kg range. While
    deep-layer shear is forecast to remain relatively modest (30-35
    knots), the degree of instability will be sufficient to support
    robust updrafts.

    Given the modest shear and lack of stronger synoptic support, storm
    modes will likely be multicell clusters or transient supercells. Any
    persistent cell will be capable of producing large hail and
    localized damaging wind gusts

    ... Lower Mississippi Valley ...

    Convection that develops across Oklahoma and Arkansas during the
    afternoon is expected to persist into the evening as it moves slowly east-southeast toward Mississippi and Tennessee. Although
    instability is not as great with eastward extent, it should remain
    sufficient enough to support some potential for sporadic wind and
    hail through the overnight hours.

    ..Marsh.. 04/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 22 19:31:59 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 221931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 221930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Wed Apr 22 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few severe thunderstorms will be possible across portions of the
    Southern Plains into the Lower Mississippi Valley on Friday. Large
    hail and damaging wind gusts should be the primary threats.

    ...Southern Plains into the Lower MS Valley...
    Storms may be ongoing at the start of the period Friday morning from
    parts of OK into AR/MO, and possibly into the lower OH Valley. While
    a general weakening trend is expected during the morning, the
    strongest early-day storms could pose a threat of isolated hail and
    localized strong/damaging gusts.

    The primary severe threat is expected to develop from the afternoon
    into the evening, along the primary outflow/cold front and any other
    residual boundaries left over from the morning convection. The
    strongest heating/destabilization is expected from parts of TX into
    southeast OK, where MLCAPE of 2000-3000 may develop, with moderate
    instability expected as far east as the lower MS/OH Valleys.

    At this time, the greatest diurnal storm coverage is expected from
    eastern OK/northeast TX into AR, where a weak midlevel shortwave
    trough and potential MCV may overlap moderate to strong buoyancy.
    Effective shear will be relatively modest (generally 30-35 kt), but
    sufficient to support some storm organization. Initial diurnal
    development in this region could pose a threat for hail and locally
    damaging wind. Low-level flow/shear will generally remain weak, but storm/boundary interactions could also support a low tornado threat.
    With time, consolidating outflows could support modest upscale
    growth and a potential increase in damaging-wind potential into the
    early evening as storms spread east-southeastward.

    Storm coverage may remain quite isolated across western portions of
    the Level 2/Slight Risk area, due to weak large-scale ascent, but
    isolated development will be possible as CINH weakens. The strongly
    unstable and sufficiently sheared environment will conditionally
    favor a severe threat across parts of southern OK and north TX, if
    storms can be sustained.

    ..Dean.. 04/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 23 07:28:32 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 230728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Thu Apr 23 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF SOUTH-CENTRAL KANSAS INTO CENTRAL AND EASTERN OKLAHOMA AND FAR
    NORTHWEST ARKANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms will likely develop across portions of Oklahoma
    and Kansas during the evening. These storms will pose a risk of very
    large hail, damaging winds, and a couple of tornadoes. Isolated
    severe thunderstorms may also develop across portions of North Texas
    during the afternoon.

    ... Synopsis ...

    Increasingly diffluent southwest flow will overspread the Southern
    and Central Plains on Saturday as the midlevel pattern responds to a
    strong shortwave trough/vorticity maximum moving into the Southwest.
    This will induce strong southerly winds across the Plains, helping
    to quickly draw an old frontal boundary northward. This boundary
    should be oriented from northwest to southeast across portions of
    Oklahoma by late Saturday.

    ... Portions of Kansas, Oklahoma, and western Arkansas ...

    Most of the day should be devoid of thunderstorms as mid-level
    heights rise downstream of a digging trough across the Southwest. At
    the same time, strong southerly winds will transport Gulf moisture
    northward from the far Southern Plains into the Central Plains.
    Diurnal heating of this airmass will result in the development of
    strong instability across much of the area, as maximum SBCAPE values
    approach 4000 J/kg across portions of north Texas into central
    Oklahoma.

    During the late evening a subtle perturbation within the southwest
    flow is forecast to approach Oklahoma. In response to this, the
    low-level jet is forecast to increase to between 30 and 40 knots. As
    it crosses the northward moving warm front, this warm-air
    advection/isentropic ascent will combine with modest large-scale
    ascent from the approaching midlevel perturbation to support
    scattered thunderstorm develop on the north side of the moisture
    gradient. Although differences exist between the various models, the
    generic depiction of forecast soundings show long hodographs with
    varying degrees of low-level curvature in the presence of 2000-3000
    J/kg of MUCAPE. Thus, any storm that develops within the environment
    will be capable of producing all hazards initially. With time,
    thunderstorms should grow upscale into one or more southeast moving
    bowing segments capable of producing damaging winds with perhaps a
    QLCS tornado threat.

    ... North Texas into Southern Oklahoma ...

    Diurnal heating of a moist airmass to the east of a dryline will
    result in an extremely unstable airmass developing by the afternoon.
    Although the region will be devoid of large-scale forcing for
    ascent, temperatures in the 90Fs to the west of the dryline may be
    sufficient to induce dryline circulations capable of initiating
    isolated thunderstorms. Any thunderstorm that develops will be
    capable of producing very large hail.

    ..Marsh.. 04/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 23 19:31:37 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 231931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 231930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Thu Apr 23 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM
    SOUTH-CENTRAL KANSAS INTO CENTRAL/EASTERN OKLAHOMA AND FAR NORTHWEST ARKANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms will likely develop across portions of Oklahoma
    and Kansas during the late afternoon and evening. These storms will
    pose a risk of very large hail, damaging winds, and a couple of
    tornadoes. Isolated severe thunderstorms may also develop across
    portions of Texas.

    ...Synopsis...
    Increasingly diffluent southwest flow will overspread parts of the
    southern and central Plains on Saturday, as the midlevel pattern
    responds to a strong shortwave trough/vorticity maximum moving into
    the Southwest. This will induce strong southerly winds across the
    Plains, helping to draw an outflow-influenced frontal boundary
    northward. This boundary is currently forecast to be oriented from
    northwest to southeast across portions of Oklahoma by late Saturday.

    ...Parts of KS/OK/TX into the ArkLaTex and Lower MS Valley...
    No changes have been made to the Enhanced Risk. Rich moisture, steep
    midlevel lapse rates, and diurnal heating will result in strong
    destabilization across parts of the southern Plains, with at least
    moderate destabilization into parts of KS. Large-scale ascent will
    be subtle at best during the day, but isolated storm development
    will be possible by late afternoon in the vicinity of the diffuse
    warm front extending from eastern OK into southern KS and vicinity.
    Favorable deep-layer shear combined with the moderate to strong
    buoyancy will favor initial supercell development, with a threat of
    very large hail and potentially a couple tornadoes (especially near
    the remnant boundary).

    Some upscale growth will be possible into the evening, with
    potential for an organized cluster or MCS to move southeastward
    along the instability gradient towards parts of the ArkLaTex, and
    potentially the lower MS Valley, before weakening. This evolution
    could be accompanied by an increasing damaging-wind threat, along
    with isolated hail and/or tornado potential with any embedded
    supercells.

    Farther south, a conditionally favorable environment will be in
    place during the afternoon along/east of the effective dryline, from
    southwest OK into TX. Despite the lack of notable large-scale
    ascent, isolated storms may develop due to weakening CINH and
    heating to convective temperatures. Any storms that can mature
    within this environment could evolve into supercells with large to
    very large hail potential. The Marginal Risk has been expanded
    southwestward across TX, where some global and extended CAM guidance
    shows a signal for sustained development during the late afternoon.

    ..Dean.. 04/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 14 07:39:39 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 140739
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140738

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0238 AM CDT Thu May 14 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS INTO THE LOWER TO MID MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms capable of large to very large hail, wind damage and
    tornadoes will be possible Saturday afternoon and evening across
    parts of the central Plains and lower to mid Missouri Valley.
    Hailstones up to 3 inches in diameter and a strong tornado will be
    possible.

    ...Central Plains/Lower to Mid Missouri Valley...
    An upper-level trough will dig southeastward into the western U.S.
    on Saturday, as mid-level flow becomes southwesterly over the
    central states. At the surface, a low will deepen in the central
    High Plains, as a moist airmass remains in place from the southern
    and central Plains eastward into the Mississippi Valley. A shortwave
    trough is forecast to move into the central High Plains Saturday
    afternoon. Ahead of the trough, thunderstorms are expected to form
    in far eastern Colorado during the mid to late afternoon. These
    storms are forecast to expand in coverage and move eastward across
    the central Plains in the late afternoon and early evening, where
    severe storm development is expected.

    By late afternoon, an axis of moderate to strong instability is
    forecast from west-central Kansas east-northeastward across northern
    Kansas, southeast Nebraska into far northwestern Missouri. Forecast
    soundings near this axis of instability in far northern Kansas at
    00Z, have MLCAPE in the 3000 to 4000 J/kg range with 0-6 km shear
    around 50 knots, and 700-500 mb lapse rates near 8 C/km. This
    environment will be favorable for supercells with large to very
    large hail. The more intense supercell updrafts may be capable of
    hailstones up to 3 inches in diameter. By early evening, a 40 to 50
    knot low-level jet is forecast to develop from northwest Oklahoma
    into southern Kansas. At this time, NAM forecast soundings increase
    0-3 km storm-relative helicity into the 300 to 400 m2/s2 range
    across parts of northern Kansas. However, other model solutions keep
    this low-level jet further south in the early evening, suggesting
    there is uncertainty concerning severe threat coverage and
    magnitude. At this time, there does appears to be potential for
    tornadoes, and possibly a strong tornado. This would be the case if
    the more aggressive solutions with the low-level jet pan out. Severe
    wind gusts will also be possible with supercells.

    At this point, the greatest potential for a significant large hail
    and a strong tornado threat is forecast from central and northern
    Kansas into far southern Nebraska. However, there is some
    uncertainty concerning the exact scenario that will place out.
    During the evening, the current thinking is that a severe convective
    cluster will move east-northeastward from the central Plains into
    the lower to mid Missouri Valley, where large hail and severe wind
    gusts will be possible.

    ...Mid Mississippi and Ohio Valleys...
    West to west-southwest mid-level flow will be in place from the
    Great Lakes southward into the Ohio Valley on Saturday. A subtle
    shortwave trough is forecast to move eastward into the mid
    Mississippi Valley. Ahead of the trough, low-level moisture
    advection will take place, with surface dewpoints likely increasing
    into the mid 60s F over much of Illinois, Indiana and Ohio.
    Scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop in the late
    afternoon along the leading edge of the shortwave trough, with
    storms moving eastward across the region during the evening.
    Moderate deep-layer shear is forecast over an unstable airmass with
    steep lapse rates. This should support an isolated severe threat
    with damaging wind gusts and hail possible.

    ..Broyles.. 05/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 14 07:46:39 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 140746
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140745

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0245 AM CDT Thu May 14 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS INTO THE LOWER TO MID MISSOURI VALLEY...

    CORRECTED FOR WORDING

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms capable of large to very large hail, wind damage and
    tornadoes will be possible Saturday afternoon and evening across
    parts of the central Plains and lower to mid Missouri Valley.
    Hailstones up to 3 inches in diameter and a strong tornado will be
    possible.

    ...Central Plains/Lower to Mid Missouri Valley...
    An upper-level trough will dig southeastward into the western U.S.
    on Saturday, as mid-level flow becomes southwesterly over the
    central states. At the surface, a low will deepen in the central
    High Plains, as a moist airmass remains in place from the southern
    and central Plains eastward into the Mississippi Valley. A shortwave
    trough is forecast to move into the central High Plains Saturday
    afternoon. Ahead of the trough, thunderstorms are expected to form
    in far eastern Colorado during the mid to late afternoon. These
    storms are forecast to expand in coverage and move eastward across
    the central Plains in the late afternoon and early evening, where
    severe storm development will be possible.

    By late afternoon, an axis of moderate to strong instability is
    forecast from west-central Kansas east-northeastward across northern
    Kansas, southeast Nebraska into far northwestern Missouri. Forecast
    soundings near this axis of instability in far northern Kansas at
    00Z, have MLCAPE in the 3000 to 4000 J/kg range with 0-6 km shear
    around 50 knots, and 700-500 mb lapse rates near 8 C/km. This
    environment will be favorable for supercells with large to very
    large hail. The more intense supercell updrafts may be capable of
    hailstones up to 3 inches in diameter. By early evening, a 40 to 50
    knot low-level jet is forecast to develop from northwest Oklahoma
    into southern Kansas. At this time, NAM forecast soundings increase
    0-3 km storm-relative helicity into the 300 to 400 m2/s2 range
    across parts of northern Kansas. However, other model solutions keep
    this low-level jet further south in the early evening, suggesting
    there is uncertainty concerning severe threat coverage and
    magnitude. At this time, there does appears to be potential for
    tornadoes, and possibly a strong tornado. This would be the case if
    the more aggressive solutions with the low-level jet pan out. Severe
    wind gusts will also be possible with supercells. During the
    evening, the current thinking is that a severe convective cluster
    will move east-northeastward from the central Plains into the lower
    to mid Missouri Valley, where large hail and severe wind gusts will
    be possible.

    ...Mid Mississippi and Ohio Valleys...
    West to west-southwest mid-level flow will be in place from the
    Great Lakes southward into the Ohio Valley on Saturday. A subtle
    shortwave trough is forecast to move eastward into the mid
    Mississippi Valley. Ahead of the trough, low-level moisture
    advection will take place, with surface dewpoints likely increasing
    into the mid 60s F over much of Illinois, Indiana and Ohio.
    Scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop in the late
    afternoon along the leading edge of the shortwave trough, with
    storms moving eastward across the region during the evening.
    Moderate deep-layer shear is forecast over an unstable airmass with
    steep lapse rates. This should support an isolated severe threat
    with damaging wind gusts and hail possible.

    ..Broyles.. 05/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 14 19:29:42 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 141929
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 141928

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 PM CDT Thu May 14 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms capable of large to very large hail, wind damage and
    tornadoes will be possible Saturday afternoon and evening across
    parts of the central Plains and lower to mid Missouri Valley.
    Hailstones up to 3 inches in diameter and a strong tornado will be
    possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    Upper-level troughing will gradually become established over the
    western CONUS over the next 72 hours. As this occurs, southwesterly
    mid-level flow will become more prominent across the central
    Rockies/Plains, resulting in steady deepening of a lee trough
    through Saturday. Persistent southerly flow through the southern and
    central Plains should establish a broad warm sector across the
    Plains, bounded to the west by a dryline and to the north by a
    diffuse warm frontal zone. Medium and long-range guidance depicts an
    embedded low-amplitude upper disturbance propagating into the Plains
    late Saturday afternoon, which will augment ascent and promote
    thunderstorm development in proximity to a deepening lee cyclone
    across parts of eastern CO, northwest KS, and western NE. Additional
    strong to severe thunderstorm chances are expected along the dryline
    across southwest KS into western OK and northwest TX, as well as
    along a warm frontal zone across portions of the Midwest/OH Valley
    regions.

    ...Central Plains...
    A deepening surface low will likely become apparent across the
    central High Plains ahead of the upper-level disturbance. Convective
    initiation is anticipated by late afternoon in proximity to the
    surface low and along the warm front where MLCAPE values will likely
    exceed 2000 J/kg. Elongated hodographs depicted by most forecast
    guidance suggests organized supercells will be possible, and could
    pose a threat for very large hail and tornadoes. With time, upscale
    growth and an increasing severe wind threat is anticipated as storms
    propagate along the frontal zone. Recent guidance has shown fairly
    good agreement in a northward shift of the most volatile convective
    environment from central KS northwestward into northwest KS/central
    NE. Similarly, long-range CAM guidance also depicts the best
    convective signal across this region. Severe probabilities were
    adjusted northward to reflect this trend.

    ...Western Oklahoma/northwest Texas...
    Capping at the base of an EML will likely suppress convective
    development along most the dryline across western OK and northwest
    TX. However, strong diurnal heating coupled with southerly flow
    through the lowest 2-3 km should promote eroding inhibition and
    considerable parcel residence time within the dryline circulation.
    While medium-range ensemble QPF signal is very limited, long-range
    CAM guidance depicts at least some signal for deep convection.
    Thunderstorms that can become sustained along the dryline will
    likely pose a threat for large hail and severe winds given around 30
    knots of effective bulk shear.

    ...Midwest/OH Valleys...
    A plume of steep mid-level lapse rates is expected to spread east
    towards the Midwest through the day. The inhibiting influence of
    low-level warming near the base of the EML will be offset to some
    degree by persistent low-level theta-e advection. Consequently,
    isolated to widely scattered convection appears probable across
    central IL into portions of the OH Valley. MUCAPE values on the
    order of 1000-2000 J/kg should support deep convection, and
    effective bulk shear values near 30 knots within the warm frontal
    zone may allow for organized convection with an attendant threat for
    severe hail and wind.

    ..Moore.. 05/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 15 07:32:17 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 150732
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150731

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 AM CDT Fri May 15 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms will be likely Sunday from portions of the central and
    southern High Plains into the Upper Midwest. Supercells capable of
    all hazards will be possible before upscale growth and an emerging
    damaging wind risk continues into the evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper-level trough will begin to eject across the Intermountain
    West on D3/Sunday with a more subtle shortwave trough moving across
    the central Plains. As a result, deepening low pressure will develop
    across eastern Colorado/western Kansas with strengthening southerly
    flow and warm moist advection south of a warm front lifting
    northward into the northern Plains and upper Midwest. Early in the
    period, elevated storms will likely be ongoing across portions of
    Iowa into southern Minnesota. Scattered severe storms capable of all
    hazards will be expected to develop near the warm front/low across
    eastern Colorado into Nebraska and across southern South Dakota
    continuing into portions of the upper-Midwest along the cold front
    through the evening. A more isolated and conditional threat for
    severe storms will extend southward along the dryline from western
    Kansas into western Oklahoma.

    ...Central Plains into the Upper Midwest...
    Early day elevated convection is expected to move across portions of
    Iowa into the upper-Midwest. This will pose some risk for severe
    hail through the morning. Across the central Plains, strong daytime
    heating is expected to yield moderate to strong instability across
    much of the central Plains. This in combination with strong deep
    layer shear suggests a rather volatile environment, particularly
    across central Nebraska into southern South Dakota/northwestern
    Iowa. Guidance suggests that thunderstorms will develop across
    eastern Colorado into Nebraska by the afternoon. Initial
    thunderstorm development will likely be supercellular and capable of
    all hazards including large to very large hail, damaging wind, and
    tornadoes. As the front sags southward through the evening, eventual
    upscale growth into a squall line is expected by the evening. A
    strong 50 kt low-level jet will ramp up into the evening, which may
    support a continuing potential for tornadoes, some of which may be
    strong.

    ...Western Kansas into western Oklahoma...
    A more conditional threat may extend southward along the dryline
    into western Kansas and western Oklahoma. Guidance suggests some
    signal for isolated supercells to develop along and east of the
    dryline Sunday afternoon. The environment here will conditionally
    favor large to very large hail, damaging wind, and perhaps a tornado
    or two with the strengthening low-level jet in the evening.

    ..Thornton.. 05/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 15 19:30:54 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 151930
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 151929

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 PM CDT Fri May 15 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL
    NEBRASKA TO SOUTHWEST MINNESOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are expected Sunday afternoon into Sunday night from
    portions of the central Plains into the Upper Midwest. Supercells
    with very large hail and tornadoes are possible, before upscale
    storm growth leads to an increase in the wind damage threat.

    ...Synopsis...
    The primary midlevel trough over the northern Great Basin Sunday
    morning will progress to the Four Corners by Monday morning. A
    subtle, lead shortwave trough (now over northern CA) will eject
    northeastward during the day from NM to western KS/central NE, and
    it will reach MN by early Monday. A weak reflection of the initial
    lee cyclone will likewise move north-northeastward across NE to MN,
    along a pre-existing baroclinic zone. The boundary layer will
    consist mostly of roughly mid 60s dewpoints east of the dryline and
    south of the warm front Sunday, while the fully modified (maritime
    tropical) air mass will return to TX through Sunday night.

    ...NE to MN...
    The elevated remnants of overnight convection across NE/IA, and an
    associated MCV, should move northeastward toward the upper MS Valley
    and weaken. In the wake of the early convection, surface heating in
    cloud breaks will contribute to destabilization and storm
    development will become probable by Sunday afternoon/evening along
    the stalled front in NE, in advance of the weak surface cyclone and subtle/ejecting midlevel trough. Mesoscale details are fairly
    uncertain this far in advance. Still, the forecast environment
    appears favorable for initial supercells with very large hail and
    tornadoes, and some increase in the threat for damaging winds as
    convection grows upscale along the front and spreads northeastward
    into southeast SD, northwest IA and southwest MN through Sunday
    night.

    ...Western KS to TX Panhandle dryline...
    A relatively warm elevated mixed layer and no obvious forcing for
    ascent both suggest that storm initiation will rely on sufficiently
    deep mixing along the dryline, and that storm formation is very much
    in question. If a storm or two forms late afternoon/evening before
    the dryline retreats overnight, there be a conditional threat for
    supercells with large hail.

    ..Thompson.. 05/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 16 07:37:59 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 160737
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160736

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0236 AM CDT Sat May 16 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF THE SOUTHERN/CENTRAL PLAINS INTO THE MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Numerous strong thunderstorms are expected to develop Monday along a
    cold front and dryline extending from the Great Lakes into the
    central/southern Plains. Supercells capable of all hazards
    (including very large hail and strong to intense tornadoes) will be
    possible across central Kansas into southeastern Nebraska.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Monday, the western trough will take on a negative tilt before
    ejecting across the central Plains, with strong southwesterly flow
    aloft overspreading the region. As a result, a strong surface low
    will development across western Kansas. A surface cold front will
    extend northward to a secondary surface low across the upper
    Midwest. A dryline will extend southward across portions of western
    Kansas into western Oklahoma. Numerous thunderstorms are expected to
    develop along and ahead of the cold front and further south along
    the dryline Monday afternoon and evening from Nebraska into central
    Kansas.

    ...Central Kansas into southeastern Nebraska...
    A volatile environment is expected to be in place ahead of the
    dryline across central Kansas Monday afternoon, with moderate to
    strong instability, strong deep layer shear, and steep low to
    mid-level lapse rates. This will favor supercells as the primary
    mode with developing thunderstorms along the dryline in the
    afternoon, with potential for large to very large hail (some 2-4
    inch). Through the afternoon and evening, a 40-50 kt southerly low
    level jet will shift into central Kansas with large clockwise
    enhancement of low-level hodographs. Should the mode be able to
    remain discrete supercells, strong to intense tornadoes will be
    possible across central Kansas into southeastern Nebraska. This in
    combination with potential for very large hail may warrant higher
    probabilities as mesoscale details become clearer.

    As the front shifts southward through time, upscale growth will be
    favored with increasing probabilities for damaging winds.

    ...Iowa into Wisconsin and the Great Lakes Region...
    Widely scattered thunderstorm development is expected further north
    along the front into Iowa/Wisconsin and north into the Great Lakes
    Region. Early day convection may be ongoing at the start of the
    period within these regions, which may limit how much
    destabilization can occur before the afternoon. Nonetheless,
    guidance suggests potential for damaging wind and perhaps a few
    instances of severe hail with storms along the front Monday
    afternoon and evening.

    ...Western Oklahoma into northern Texas...
    Forcing for ascent will be weaker across the dryline into western
    Oklahoma and northern Texas. Guidance does suggest that a few
    isolated supercells could develop near the dryline, with potential
    for large to very large hail, damaging winds, and perhaps a tornado.
    Given the strong flow aloft and better large scale ascent will
    reside further north in Kansas, mode may quickly become messy with
    uncertainty in overall coverage at this time.

    ..Thornton.. 05/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 16 19:33:02 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 161932
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 161931

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 PM CDT Sat May 16 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS NORTHERN OKLAHOMA...CENTRAL/EASTERN KANSAS...SOUTHEAST NEBRASKA...PARTS OF
    IOWA...AND NORTHWEST MISSOURI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Numerous strong thunderstorms are expected to develop Monday along a
    cold front and dryline extending from the Great Lakes into the
    central/southern Plains. Supercells capable of all hazards
    (including very large hail and strong to intense tornadoes) will be
    possible across central Kansas into southeastern Nebraska.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper trough is forecast to extend from MT to the Four Corners
    Monday morning. An upper shortwave trough emanating from the base of
    the larger-scale western U.S. trough is forecast to lift northeast
    across the central Plains to the Upper Midwest through the period.
    As this occurs, a belt of strong southwesterly midlevel flow will
    overspread OK/KS into IA and the Great Lakes vicinity. Beneath
    enhanced southwesterly deep layer flow, rich Gulf moisture will
    spread north/northeast from the southern Plains into the Mid-MS
    Valley and Great Lakes. Meanwhile, a cold front will reside from the
    Upper MS Valley to a surface low over central KS during the
    afternoon. A dryline will extend southward from the KS surface low
    into western OK/west-central TX. A volatile environment is expected
    across parts of the warm sector, particularly across KS into IA,
    where significant all-hazards severe storms are expected.

    ...Central KS into southeast NE/southwest IA/northwest MO...

    Upper 60s to low 70s F dewpoints are forecast ahead of the dryline
    and cold front. This area should remain mostly free from convective contamination from any continuing convection from late in the Day
    2/Sunday period. Strong heating and very steep midlevel lapse rates
    will contribute to strong destabilization. Supercell wind profiles
    are expected, with backed low-level winds veering with height, while
    also increasing in speed. Southerly 850-700 mb flow is forecast to
    strengthen in the 21-00z time frame as large-scale ascent also
    increases. This will allow for enlarged low-level hodograph
    curvature and increasing 0-1 km SRH. Robust convection will develop
    within the warm sector and supercell capable of very large hail (2-4
    inch diameter), strong to intense tornadoes, and damaging wind gusts
    will be possible.

    With time, convection will likely grow upscale as the surface cold
    front begins to develop southeast through the evening/nighttime
    hours.

    ...Central IA into portions of IL/WI/IN/Lower MI...

    Uncertainty is greater with northeast extent on Monday. Ongoing
    convection and cloud cover is possible across parts of IA into WI
    Monday morning. Regardless, a moist airmass will be in place.
    Depending on location and extent of morning convection, airmass
    recovery is possible. Furthermore, downstream destabilization into
    parts of northern IL/IN and Lower MI seems more likely. This could
    result in re-intensification of any morning convection as it spreads
    east. While convective evolution remains uncertain, a damaging wind
    and hail risk appears possible.

    ...OK/TX...

    A more conditional severe risk exists further south across OK/TX.
    Large-scale ascent will remain weaker further south. However, strong instability within the very moist warm sector will exist. Deep layer
    flow will be somewhat less compared to further north, but still
    sufficient for supercells. If storms can develop, a risk for large
    to very large hail will exist.

    ..Leitman.. 05/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 17 07:32:07 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 170732
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Sun May 17 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE SOUTHERN
    PLAINS INTO PORTIONS OF THE MIDWEST...OHIO VALLEY...AND NORTH TO THE
    GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered severe thunderstorms will be possible along a cold
    front extending from the Great Lakes into the portions of the
    Midwest and south to the Southern Plains. Storms will pose a risk
    for primarily damaging wind and hail.

    ...Synopsis...
    A cold front will extend from the Great Lakes region to the Midwest
    and south into the Southern Plains D3/Tuesday. The upper-level
    trough will continue lifting north and east into the Great Lakes
    through the period.

    ...Upper Midwest to the Great Lakes...
    Some remnant elevated thunderstorm activity may be ongoing toward
    the start of the period D3/Tuesday across the upper Midwest. This
    may pose some potential for a few instances of severe hail.
    Redevelopment of thunderstorms is likely along the front by the
    afternoon. Sufficient deep layer shear around 20-30 kts and moderate instability ahead of the front may support supercells initially
    capable of large hail and perhaps a tornado. Linear forcing with the
    cold front will likely lead to upscale growth and potential for
    damaging wind downstream into the Ohio Valley through time.

    ...Oklahoma/Texas...
    Trends continue for more progressive movement of the cold front
    through Oklahoma/north Texas Tuesday morning. As a result,
    probabilities were shifted eastward again with this update. Widely
    scattered thunderstorm development is expected by the afternoon
    across eastern Oklahoma into north Texas. Though the better
    mid-level flow will be displaced to the north, steep low to
    mid-level lapse rates remaining across this region will support
    potential for damaging wind and large hail given moderate
    instability ahead of the front.

    ..Thornton.. 05/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 17 19:12:46 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 171912
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 171911

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0211 PM CDT Sun May 17 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE GREAT
    LAKES TO THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered severe thunderstorms will be possible along a cold
    front extending from the Great Lakes into the Ohio Valley and the
    southern Plains.

    ...Great Lakes and vicinity...
    An ejecting midlevel trough over the upper MS Valley early in the
    period will begin to phase with the northern stream while moving
    eastward over the Great Lakes. An associated surface cyclone will
    move across southern ON/QC, as a trailing cold front progresses
    southeastward across the OH/middle MS Valleys and into the southern
    Plains. Convection will likely be ongoing at the start of the
    period along the cold front from northwest TX and OK to the middle
    MS Valley and the vicinity of Lake MI. The stronger low-midlevel
    flow will be confined to the area closer to the Great Lakes, where
    some diurnal destabilization could allow an uptick in threat for
    wind damage and isolated large hail.

    ...Lower OH Valley into the southern Plains...
    Farther southwest, flow aloft will be weaker and convection will be
    tied to the slowing front and/or convective outflows from D2
    convection persisting into D3. Moderate to strong buoyancy (greater
    to the west into TX) is expected just ahead of the front, which
    combined with the relatively weak wind profiles, will favor
    multicell clusters and line segments capable of producing occasional
    wind damage and isolated large hail through the afternoon. There
    will be some potential for an isolated supercell or two to move off
    the Serranias del Burro into TX where large CAPE will coincide with
    the cyclonic side of the subtropical jet and at least marginally
    sufficient vertical shear. Otherwise, the pattern will transition
    overnight to a weak warm advection regime atop the cool air mass,
    where elevated storms could produce large hail from northwest TX
    into southern OK.

    ..Thompson.. 05/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon May 18 07:25:17 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 180725
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180724

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 AM CDT Mon May 18 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE MID ATLANTIC AND SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorm activity across the Mid-Atlantic region
    Wednesday may pose a risk for wind and hail. Isolated thunderstorms
    within the upslope regime in western Texas/eastern New Mexico will
    also pose a risk for large hail.

    ...Discussion...
    The mid-level trough across the Great Lakes will continue to lift
    northward into Canada D3/Wednesday. A cold front will extend from
    the Northeast southward across the southern Ohio Valley into the
    lower Mississippi Valley and westward into southwestern Texas. Near
    the front across the Mid-Atlantic, sufficient deep layer shear and
    MLCAPE will be in place to support a few organized storms, with
    potential for damaging winds and large hail which supports inclusion
    of a Marginal Risk.

    Further south across western Texas, isolated to scattered afternoon thunderstorms may develop south of the front within the upslope flow
    regime across western Texas into eastern New Mexico. Though deep
    layer shear will be generally weak, moderate instability and steep
    low to mid-level lapse rates may support a few instances of large
    hail and severe winds.

    ..Thornton.. 05/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon May 18 19:14:21 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 181914
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 181913

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0213 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTHERN
    NEW ENGLAND INTO THE MID-ATLANTIC AND OVER THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS
    INTO SOUTHWEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorm activity across the Mid-Atlantic region
    Wednesday may pose a risk for sporadic occurrences of damaging
    wind. Large hail is expected to be the predominant hazard with
    isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms developing over the
    southern High Plains into southwest Texas.

    ...Synopsis...

    A short-wave trough and attending mid/upper-level jet streaks will
    progress from the Great Lakes through the St. Lawrence Valley, with
    a modest enhancement to the westerly, mid-level flow as far south as
    southern New England and the Mid-Atlantic region. Elsewhere, a
    short-wave trough initially near the Four Corners region will weaken
    while moving into confluent, mid-level flow over the central and
    southern High Plains. At the surface, a cold front will advance
    southeast through New England and the Mid-Atlantic Wednesday, with
    an upslope regime becoming established over the southern High
    Plains.


    ...Southern New England into the Mid-Atlantic...

    A moist and moderately unstable air mass is expected to develop
    ahead of the front Wednesday afternoon, along the immediate southern
    fringe of the stronger mid-level flow and resultant deep-layer
    shear. The generally weak warm-sector shear and poor mid-level lapse
    rates are expected to limit the potential for a more robust
    severe-weather threat. However, the presence of steep low-level
    lapse rates will support locally strong up/downdrafts capable of
    isolated occurrences of damaging winds during the afternoon and
    early-evening hours.


    ...Southern High Plains into southwest Texas...

    Surface ridging initially over the southern High Plains Wednesday
    morning is forecast to weaken through the day with a narrow wedge of
    50s to low 60s boundary-layer dewpoints from the Edwards Plateau
    into southeast NM, to the south of a weakening surface front. The
    moisture will combine with steep low/mid-level lapse rates to
    support a corridor of moderate, surface-based instability by
    afternoon. A broader envelope of moderate, elevated instability is
    expected to develop over the southern High Plains Wednesday
    afternoon into night, to the north of the front.

    Low-level upslope flow into the high terrain of NM and southwest TX
    will be augmented by the glancing influence of the short-wave trough
    to support isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms during the
    afternoon amidst a kinematic environment featuring 30-40 kt of
    deep-layer shear. The primary hazard will be sporadic large-hail
    occurrences. Additional, elevated thunderstorms are expected to
    develop Wednesday afternoon into evening across the TX South Plains
    into west-central TX, within a strengthening warm-advection regime.
    While deep-layer shear is expected to be weaker than locations to west/southwest, the presence of steep mid-level lapse rates will
    support vigorous updrafts capable of isolated, large hail
    occurrences.

    ..Mead.. 05/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue May 19 07:24:59 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 190724
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190723

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 AM CDT Tue May 19 2026

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered afternoon thunderstorms are expected across the
    northern Rockies, portions of the southern Florida peninsula, and
    from the southern Plains to portions of the Southeast on Thursday.
    Severe storms are not expected.

    ...Discussion...
    A few thunderstorms will be possible near the upper low across
    Montana. Limited moisture and weak instability will limit the severe
    risk in this region.

    A stationary front will extend from far southern Texas into the
    Mississippi Valley and northward to the Carolinas. Scattered
    thunderstorms are expected along and south of the front across the
    Southeast and mid Atlantic. Additional afternoon thunderstorms will
    develop across the southern Florida peninsula with the sea breeze
    circulation. Storms will likely be sub severe, given weak flow/shear
    for organization across these regions.

    Across the southern High Plains, widely scattered thunderstorm
    activity is expected near the front and across portions of the high
    terrain from western Texas into eastern New Mexico/southeastern
    Colorado. Moisture will become more limited with northern extent in
    New Mexico and Colorado, with dew points in the low 50s. A few
    stronger storms may produce instances of strong winds and small
    hail. Overall, the stronger mid-level flow should remain displaced
    from the better moisture leading to low confidence in a more
    organized severe threat.

    ..Thornton.. 05/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue May 19 19:08:01 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 191907
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 191907

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0207 PM CDT Tue May 19 2026

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms are possible across parts of the central and
    southern High Plains Thursday afternoon and evening.

    ...Synopsis...

    A short-wave trough and associated mid-level jet streak initially
    over the northern Rockies Thursday morning will translate southeast
    into the central Rockies, within the base of a mid/upper-level low
    situated over southern Saskatchewan. Elsewhere, a vorticity maximum,
    possibly of convective origins, is forecast to progress from the
    southern Plains toward the mid/lower MS and TN Valleys.

    At the surface, a frontal system tied to the northern and central
    Rockies trough is forecast to move through the northern High Plains,
    while a front remains quasi-stationary from NC through the TN Valley
    into Ozark Plateau.


    ...Central and Southern High Plains...

    In the absence of appreciable boundary-layer moisture content, the
    presence of steep low/mid-level lapse rates will support MLCAPE of
    500-1000 J/kg from south of I-70 in the lee of the CO Front Range to
    the Raton Mesa and points south. Low-level upslope flow coupled with
    increased forcing for ascent downstream from the approaching
    vorticity maximum are expected to foster isolated to widely
    scattered thunderstorm development along the favored terrain
    Thursday afternoon into evening. The presence of 30-40 kt deep-layer
    shear will support the potential for some storm organization with an
    attendant large-hail threat.


    ...Northern High Plains...

    Diurnally enhanced thunderstorm development is expected to occur
    across eastern parts of MT and WY into the western Dakotas, along
    the surface front, and ahead of the mid-level trough. Limited
    instability and vertical shear are expected to limited
    severe-weather potential.

    ..Mead.. 05/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed May 20 07:23:38 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 200723
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200722

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 AM CDT Wed May 20 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    FAR SOUTHWESTERN KANSAS INTO THE OKLAHOMA AND TEXAS PANHANDLES AND
    WESTERN OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe storms will be possible across portions
    of the southern Plains with potential for large hail and damaging
    wind.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level wave will move across the central Plains on D3/Friday. A
    weak lee low will develop across northeastern New
    Mexico/southeastern Colorado, with a dryline extending from the
    OK/TX Panhandles into southwestern Texas. Scattered thunderstorms
    are expected along and east of the dryline by Friday afternoon, with
    potential for large hail and damaging wind.

    ...Texas/Oklahoma Panhandles into portions of southwestern Kansas,
    western Oklahoma, and northwestern Texas...
    While there remains some uncertainty in the exact eastward placement
    of the dryline Friday afternoon, guidance continues to suggest
    eroding MLCIN and potential for convective development by the
    afternoon as weak ascent spreads across KS into northern OK. Ahead
    of the dryline, the environment will be characterized by steep low
    to mid-level lapse rates and moderate to strong instability. Deep
    layer shear around 30-35 kts would support potential for initial
    supercells capable of large hail and damaging wind. Clustering and
    more multi-cell mixed mode thunderstorms may evolve into a damaging
    wind threat through time.

    ...Lower Mississippi Valley into Southeast...
    Widely scattered thunderstorm activity is expected south of a
    stationary boundary extending from the lower Mississippi Valley into
    Tennessee and south into northern Georgia. Though weak to moderate
    instability will be in place, weak flow aloft and weak deep layer
    shear will likely keep storms sub-severe.

    ..Thornton.. 05/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 21 07:30:36 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 210730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Thu May 21 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered thunderstorms are expected from the
    central/southern Plains into the lower Mississippi Valley and
    southeastern US. A few stronger storms may be possible across the
    southern Plains, particularly near the Texas and Oklahoma
    Panhandles.

    ...Synopsis...
    A weak impulse will rotate across the central Plains on D3/Saturday
    as a surface low moves northward across the Ohio Valley. A trailing
    cold front will extend from the surface low back into the southern
    Plains. Widely scattered thunderstorm activity will be possible
    from the central/southern Plains into the lower Mississippi Valley
    and across the Southeast. A few stronger storms may be possible
    across the Texas/Oklahoma Panhandles.

    ...TX/OK Panhandles...
    Weak forcing for ascent and easterly upslope flow across the Caprock
    will produce scattered thunderstorm activity Saturday afternoon.
    Forecast soundings suggest a plume of steep to low mid-level lapse
    rates will still reside across the OK/TX Panhandles with mid 50s to
    60s dew points and moderate instability by the afternoon. Shear
    profiles will be fairly weak, with deep layer shear around 25 kts. A
    few stronger storms may produce gusty winds and hail. Overall, weak
    deep layer shear for organization may limit the severe threat.

    ..Thornton.. 05/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 21 19:28:48 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 211928
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 211927

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 PM CDT Thu May 21 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    CENTRAL AND SOUTH TEXAS TO THE MIDDLE TEXAS COAST AND IN THE
    VICINITY OF THE RATON MESA INTO THE TEXAS AND OKLAHOMA PANHANDLES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to potentially severe storms appear possible across
    portions of central and south Texas toward the middle Texas coast.
    Isolated strong to severe storms are also possible from the Raton
    Mesa vicinity into the Oklahoma and Texas Panhandles.

    ...Synopsis...

    Broader-scale troughing will be maintained over the north-central
    U.S. Saturday into Saturday night, with an embedded short-wave
    trough moving through the central Plains. To the immediate east, a
    short-wave trough initially over the OH Valley will lift northeast
    through the Great Lakes. Meanwhile, a lower-latitude disturbance is
    forecast to slowly track through TX. At the surface, an area of low
    pressure will gradually undergo occlusion over OH into southwest
    Ontario with a trailing front extending southwest through the lower
    OH Valley into the southern Plains.


    ...Central and Southern Texas to the Middle Texas Coast...

    There is general agreement in 12z model guidance that thunderstorms
    will develop fairly early in the day across the Edwards Plateau,
    east of a weak surface low and approaching short-wave trough. The
    downstream air mass across central and southern TX is expected to be
    moist with dewpoints in the 60s to low 70s, and within the eastern
    fringe of a steep mid-level lapse rate plume, yielding moderate to
    strong afternoon instability. As such, the early-day thunderstorms
    are expected to increase in coverage and intensity through the
    afternoon while advancing east/southeast into central and deep south
    TX, and eventually toward the TX coast. Some enhancement of
    deep-layer shear is forecast across south TX, which will aid in hail
    production and cold pool organization, and resultant damaging wind
    potential.


    ...Raton Mesa into the Oklahoma and Texas Panhandles...

    Southeasterly, upslope flow will contribute to isolated thunderstorm development by mid to late afternoon along favored terrain. The
    combination of a moderately unstable, steep-lapse-rate environment
    and around 30 kt of deep-layer shear will support some potential for
    supercell storm modes with an attendant risk for large hail. Storms
    will tend to drift southeast into the OK and TX panhandles before
    weakening.


    ...Southeast...

    A moist and moderately unstable air mass is expected to develop
    Saturday afternoon, with terrain and sea-breeze boundaries serving
    as the main foci for diurnally enhanced thunderstorm development.
    The models focus the most concentrated thunderstorm activity from
    the Savannah River Valley into north FL. There is some model signal
    for a weak mid-level disturbance and slightly stronger deep-layer
    shear to potentially enhance that thunderstorm regime. Low wind
    probabilities may eventually need to be added if confidence
    increases in the existence of those features.


    ...Upper Ohio Valley...

    A conditional risk of severe storms exists across the upper OH
    Valley Saturday afternoon, east of the surface low and associated
    surface front, where vertical shear will be enhanced. The main
    uncertainty is the degree of instability within the narrow warm
    sector, which varies considerably from model to model. Low
    severe-weather probabilities may eventually be included, should
    subsequent model trends indicate a more consistent signal for
    stronger air mass destabilization.

    ..Mead.. 05/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 22 07:27:45 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 220727
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220726

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 AM CDT Fri May 22 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF
    EASTERN NEBRASKA INTO EASTERN IOWA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered thunderstorm activity will be possible from the southern/central Plains to the southeastern US into the lower Ohio
    Valley. A few stronger storms may be possible across portions of the
    Nebraska and Iowa.

    ...Synopsis...
    Widely scattered afternoon thunderstorms are likely south of a
    stationary front extending from the southern Plains into the lower
    Ohio Valley. A few additional thunderstorms will be possible across
    the southern High Plains within the easterly upslope regime. A
    shortwave trough will move across the central/northern Plains into
    the Upper Midwest on D3/Sunday, which may be a focus of thunderstorm development across portions of Nebraska and Iowa. A few stronger
    thunderstorms may be possible in these regions.

    ...Eastern Nebraska, southeastern South Dakota, western Iowa...
    As the shortwave moves through the central Plains, guidance has
    trended northward with moisture return into the central Plains by
    D3/Sunday. Some deterministic guidance (NAM, ECMWF, GFS) suggest
    that a plume of mid 50 to 60s dew points may advect up into eastern
    Nebraska near a northward moving pseudo warm frontal boundary. A
    narrow corridor of moderate instability may develop and overlap
    around 40-45 kts of deep layer shear across this region by Sunday
    afternoon. Forecast soundings depict supercells profiles, with steep
    low to mid-level lapse rates. While there remains some low
    confidence in moisture availability, trends in 00z guidance suggest
    adding in low end severe probabilities.

    ...Southeast...
    A few stronger thunderstorms may develop across portions of the
    southeastern US Sunday afternoon. Though shear profiles are
    generally weak, moderate instability will be in place with strong
    daytime heating and potential for water laden down bursts and a few
    instances of strong to locally severe wind.

    ..Thornton.. 05/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 22 19:28:49 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 221928
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 221927

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 PM CDT Fri May 22 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL
    NEBRASKA INTO SOUTHWEST MINNESOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered thunderstorm activity will be possible from the southern/central Plains to the southeastern US into the lower Ohio
    Valley. A few stronger storms may be possible from central Nebraska
    into southwest Minnesota.

    ...Synopsis...
    Upper-level flow ill become more quasi-zonal on Sunday across the
    northern tier of the CONUS. Flow for central/southern portions of
    the U.S. will be much weaker. A surface low within the Canadian
    Prairie will develop ahead of the stronger shortwave trough off the
    Northwest coast. This feature will draw at least modest moisture
    northward into the central and parts of the northern Plains.

    ...Nebraska into Minnesota...
    Isolated to widely scattered storms are possible along a relatively
    weak surface trough/theta-e gradient. Forcing for ascent will not be
    that strong as the modest trough slides east of the region through
    the day. However, temperatures in the mid/upper 80s F may be
    sufficient along with the weak surface convergence to initiate
    storms. Steep mid-level lapse rates, relatively long hodographs, and
    30-40 kt of northwesterly shear would suggest large hail potential.
    The boundary layer will also be well mixed so severe wind gusts will
    also be possible.

    ..Wendt.. 05/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 23 07:18:59 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 230718
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230717

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0217 AM CDT Sat May 23 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms will be possible from portions of the
    Southwest to the central/southern High Plains and across the
    southern Ohio Valley and the Southeast. Additional shower and
    thunderstorm activity will be possible across the Pacific Northwest.
    Severe storms are generally not expected.

    On D3/Monday, guidance suggests that height rises will begin across
    the central US as a high amplitude ridge builds in from the west. An
    upper level low will begin to deepen and move inland across the
    Pacific Northwest through the period. Though instability will be
    minimal, cooling temperatures aloft with the upper low may promote a
    few thunderstorms towards the end of the period.

    Slow moisture return will continue across much of the Plains into
    the Midwest, with areas of widely scattered areas of thunderstorms
    possible across portions of the Southwest to the southern/central
    High Plains and from the southern Ohio Valley into the Southeast. A
    few strong to marginally severe storms will be possible from the
    Plains to the Southeast where better instability resides, but
    generally weak flow and subsidence aloft will keep organized storm
    potential low.

    ..Thornton.. 05/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 23 19:27:28 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 231927
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 231926

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 PM CDT Sat May 23 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe-thunderstorm potential currently appears low for
    Monday. Isolated strong storms may develop across parts of the Great
    Plains, Upper Midwest, and Southeast.

    ...Synopsis...
    Little change to the overall pattern expected across the CONUS on
    Monday. A very slow-moving mid/upper low/trough is expected to
    remain in the vicinity of east TX/western LA, which will maintain
    potential for scattered to widespread thunderstorms across parts of
    the Gulf Coast and Southeast. Another slow-moving mid/upper trough
    will support thunderstorm potential across parts of the Southwest
    and southern Rockies. A vigorous mid/upper-level shortwave trough
    will move into the Pacific Northwest during the afternoon and
    evening.

    ...Central Plains into the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes region...
    Moderate to locally strong buoyancy may develop Monday afternoon
    from parts of the central Plains into the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes,
    though some uncertainty remains regarding the quality of low-level
    moisture across this region.

    Modest west-northwesterly midlevel flow will result in 30-40 kt of
    effective shear across parts of MN/WI and Upper MI, but confidence
    in storm development within this conditionally favorable environment
    is low, with midlevel height rises and generally minimal large-scale
    ascent expected across the region.

    Forcing will also be weak into parts of the central Plains, but
    strong heating and presence of a remnant surface boundary may
    support isolated storm development from late afternoon into the
    evening. A threat for localized hail and strong to severe gusts
    could accompany the strongest storms, but weak deep-layer shear and
    uncertainty regarding storm coverage limit confidence in organized
    severe potential at this time.

    ...Southern NM into west TX...
    Isolated strong storms could develop on Monday from parts of
    southern NM into west TX, in advance of the mid/upper trough over
    the Southwest. At this time, it appears that the stronger forcing
    associated with the upper trough will remain displaced from the
    richer moisture across parts of central/southwest TX through most of
    the period. However, a faster trough ejection and/or more
    substantial moisture return could result in an isolated severe
    threat during the late afternoon and evening.

    ...Parts of the Gulf Coast/Southeast...
    Modest enhancement to midlevel flow may continue across parts of the
    Gulf Coast and Southeast, to the east of the persistent mid/upper
    low/trough over east TX. Depending on the evolution of D1/D2
    convection and any MCV development, a low-probability severe threat
    could evolve over some part of this region, but confidence is much
    too low to include probabilities at this time.

    ..Dean.. 05/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 24 07:56:30 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 240756
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240755

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0255 AM CDT Sun May 24 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    WESTERN TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms will be possible across western Texas into
    southeastern New Mexico Tuesday afternoon. Across this region,
    possible hazards will include large to very large hail, severe
    gusts, and perhaps a tornado.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper low will deepen across the Pacific Northwest on D3/Tuesday.
    The subtropical jet will increase across Baja California into
    Mexico, with modest westerly flow aloft extending across western
    Texas. Scattered severe storms will be possible across portions of
    western Texas and central Montana.

    ...Western Texas into southeastern New Mexico...
    Modest westerly flow aloft will extend into western Texas Tuesday
    afternoon. Easterly upslope flow across the high terrain of the
    Davis Mountains and Stockton/Edwards Plateau and subtle mid-level
    forcing for ascent will aid in widely scattered thunderstorm
    activity by the afternoon. Daytime heating will allow for
    temperatures to climb into the mid to upper 80s in combination with
    mid 50s to 60s dew points yielding an axis of moderate to strong
    instability from just east of Big Bend and north to the southern
    Permian Basin. In addition, a plume of steep low to mid-level lapse
    rates will overspread the region by the afternoon. Forecast
    soundings suggest around 40 kts of 0-6 km shear, which will support
    supercells capable of large to very large hail and severe gusts.
    Initially, hodographs will be generally straight but increasing
    southeasterly flow by the evening may support potential for
    increasing low-level shear and perhaps a tornado.

    ...Montana...
    Increasing mid-level flow and forcing for ascent will overspread
    portions of central Montana Tuesday afternoon, supporting scattered thunderstorms by the afternoon. Steep low to mid-level lapse rates
    and modest instability/shear will support potential for a few
    instances of large hail and severe gusts.

    ..Thornton.. 05/24/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 24 19:23:33 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 241923
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 241922

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 PM CDT Sun May 24 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    SOUTHWEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms will be possible across western Texas into
    southeastern New Mexico Tuesday afternoon and evening. Across this
    region, large hail, severe gusts, and perhaps a tornado will be
    possible.

    ...Parts of west TX and southeast NM...
    No major changes have been made to the Slight Risk area. A broad
    negative-tilt mid/upper trough with multiple embedded vorticity
    maxima will impinge upon relatively rich moisture and moderate to
    locally strong buoyancy across parts of west TX and southeast NM on
    Tuesday. Weak capping and increasingly difluent flow aloft will
    likely lead to multiple rounds of thunderstorms through the day and
    into Tuesday night. Low-level southeasterly flow veering to modest southwesterlies aloft will result in 30-40 kt of effective shear,
    supporting potential for organized clusters and a few supercells.
    Large hail and localized severe gusts could accompany the strongest
    storms. Gradually increasing low-level shear/SRH could also support
    some tornado threat from afternoon into the evening.

    Convection could spread into a larger portion of south-central TX by
    Tuesday night, though decreasing shear and increasing low-level
    stability with eastward extent should lead to an eventual weakening
    trend. The Marginal Risk was expanded eastward somewhat to account
    for isolated severe potential into late evening.

    ...Central/western MT and adjacent parts of northern ID...
    Scattered thunderstorms are expected during the day/evening from
    parts of northern ID into western/central MT, in association with a mid/upper-level low/trough over the Pacific Northwest. Moisture and
    instability will likely remain modest at best, but increasing
    deep-layer shear could support a few strong storms, with a threat of
    localized severe gusts and marginally severe hail.

    ..Dean.. 05/24/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon May 25 07:20:37 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 250720
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250719

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0219 AM CDT Mon May 25 2026

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorm activity will be possible from the Pacific
    Northwest to the Intermountain West and from the Plains to the
    Southeastern US on Wednesday. Organized severe potential is expected
    to remain low.

    ...Discussion...
    The western US trough will become cut off and shift southward into
    the Great Basin on Wednesday, with scattered thunderstorm activity
    continuing across portions of the Pacific Northwest into the
    Intermountain West. A few strong gusts will be possible with storms
    across northern Idaho into western Montana. Overall, deep layer
    shear will largely be west of the marginal instability across
    central/eastern Montana, which will likely keep organized severe
    potential low. Model guidance that typically exhibits a moist-bias
    does suggest that higher instability does nudge into northern
    Montana and northern Idaho. Should more model consensus in this
    scenario increase, low probabilities may need to be introduced in
    upcoming outlook updates.

    Widely scattered thunderstorm activity will be possible across
    portions of the central/southern Plains into the southeast Wednesday
    afternoon. Overall, weak flow beneath the mid-level ridge will keep
    severe storm potential low.

    A few stronger storms will be possible across the Mid Atlantic as
    enhanced westerly flow from a trough across the northeast
    overspreads the region. Though deep layer shear will be around 35-40
    kts, forecast soundings depict cloudy conditions through the
    morning, with skinny and elongated CAPE profiles and only marginal
    instability. This will likely temper the severe potential, though a
    few strong gusts will remain possible.

    ..Thornton.. 05/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon May 25 19:32:10 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 251932
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 251931

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 PM CDT Mon May 25 2026

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    MID-ATLANTIC STATES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Some severe storms may occur on Wednesday, with the Mid-Atlantic
    region appearing to have the primary potential for severe storms
    capable of wind damage Wednesday afternoon and early evening.

    ...Mid-Atlantic States...
    Strong to potentially severe storms may occur across the region
    Wednesday afternoon and evening. This will be as the upstream
    shortwave trough overspreads a moist/unstable environment along and
    south of a roughly west/east-oriented front. Damaging winds would
    likely be the most probable severe-weather risk.

    ...South/southeast Texas to Louisiana...
    This is currently expected to a be rather complex scenario into the
    Day 3 time frame with the uncertain timing/location of a potential
    lingering MCS somewhere across south/southeast Texas to southern
    Louisiana. Some severe potential could linger across the coastal
    plain and/or redevelop later Wednesday across southwest Texas and
    the adjacent southern High Plains via low-level upslope flow,
    although mid-level winds will be relatively weak.

    ...Northern Intermountain West...
    Some strong to locally severe storms could again occur Wednesday
    afternoon and evening within a marginally moist/unstable environment
    beneath the upper-jet exit region on the periphery of the prominent
    upper trough expected to be centered over California and Nevada.

    ...Southern Minnesota/southern Wisconsin/northern Iowa...
    A few strong/severe storms could occur as an unstable environment
    persists near the southward-shifting front. Such storm development
    might be aided by a glancing shortwave trough with somewhat
    strengthening flow aloft. However, overall predictability in this
    scenario is limited in the Day 3 time frame.

    ...South-central High Plains/Raton Mesa vicinity...
    A few strong or locally severe storms could occur regionally
    Wednesday afternoon and evening. However, mid-level lapse rates and
    deep-layer winds should remain relatively weak, and thus overall
    severe potential is expected to remain rather low/disorganized.

    ..Guyer.. 05/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue May 26 07:27:16 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 260727
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260725

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CDT Tue May 26 2026

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong storms may occur over parts of the Carolinas, and
    perhaps from western Montana into eastern Washington.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper low will gradually weaken as it moves very slowly from CA
    into NV on Thursday, with a belt of stronger mid to high level winds
    from UT into ID, WA and OR, where minor height falls are expected
    late. To the east, weak upper ridging will remain over the Plains,
    with weak winds aloft. Meanwhile, an upper trough will move out of
    the Mid Atlantic, with weakening northwest flow over the Carolinas.

    At the surface, moisture will remain abundant from TX into the
    Southeast, south of a cold front extending roughly from parts of the
    mid/upper MS Valley to SC. This boundary will provide a focus for
    afternoon thunderstorms from NC into SC, but both shear and
    instability are forecast to remain marginal.

    To the west, weak low pressure will develop during the day from
    eastern WA into MT with strong heating. Forecast instability is a
    bit uncertain this far out given the pattern, though some models
    indicate hail potential should sufficient moisture develop into the
    region. Deep layer shear will be favorable for cellular development,
    but perhaps a bit south of where the greater thunderstorm
    probabilities are. Given these uncertainties, will defer to later
    outlook updates regarding any marginal risk potential in the eastern
    WA, northern ID, and western MT area.

    ..Jewell.. 05/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue May 26 18:53:17 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 261853
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 261851

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0151 PM CDT Tue May 26 2026

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ON THURSDAY OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE NORTHERN ROCKIES INTO WASHINGTON AND OREGON....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms are possible on Thursday over western
    Montana, northern Idaho, into central Oregon/Washington.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad upper ridge will be present on Thursday over the central
    U.S., with an upper low over CA and an upper trough over the
    northeast states. Scattered thunderstorms will affect much of the
    southeast, southern and central Plains, and northwest regions.

    ...OR/WA/ID/MT...
    One area of concern for the potential of severe storms will be
    across the northern Rockies and Pacific Northwest states. Models
    depict one or more shortwave troughs rotating around the CA upper
    low, providing ascent and strengthening wind fields across parts of
    eastern OR/WA, northern ID, and western MT. Confidence is rising
    that a zone of sufficient instability/shear will develop to support
    strong thunderstorms Thursday afternoon. Large hail and damaging
    winds appear possible with the strongest storms.

    ..Hart.. 05/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed May 27 07:15:23 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 270715
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270714

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0214 AM CDT Wed May 27 2026

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN NEW
    MEXICO INTO WESTERN TEXAS...AND OVER WESTERN MONTANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few storms may produce large hail from eastern New Mexico into
    western Texas on Friday. Strong storms may also occur across western
    Montana with gusty winds and marginal hail.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Modest westerly flow aloft will spread across NM and into TX, with
    cool midlevel temperatures resulting in steep lapse rates. A surface
    trough will be situated over far eastern NM, and scattered storms
    are likely to develop during the afternoon with 50s to near 60 F
    dewpoints. Up to 30 kt deep-layer shear and ample
    moisture/instability may support a few severe slow-moving cells
    producing large hail. These storms will likely spread into the TX Panhandle/South Plains during the evening, with localized wind
    potential as well.

    ...Western MT...
    An upper low/shortwave trough will move eastward across the Great
    Basin on Friday, taking on a negative tilt. Extending north of this
    low will be a belt of 30 kt southerly winds around 500 mb, with a
    bit stronger speeds in the upper levels. A surface trough will
    deepen over central MT, with a cold front pushing across western MT.
    The cool temperatures aloft/steep lapse rate environment should
    support at least marginal hail, while favorable afternoon timing
    with boundary layer mixed layers will support strong downdrafts.
    This should result in at least isolated strong to severe cells
    moving northeastward across western MT during the afternoon.

    ..Jewell.. 05/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed May 27 19:31:56 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 271931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 271930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Wed May 27 2026

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS WESTERN MONTANA...THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...AND THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS
    INTO SOUTHERN ARKANSAS AND NORTHERN LOUISIANA....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered storms may produce large hail from eastern New
    Mexico and western Texas into southern Arkansas and northern
    Louisiana on Friday. Strong to severe storms may also occur across
    western Montana with gusty winds and marginal hail. Damaging
    thunderstorm wind gusts are also possible across portions of the
    central High Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    A closed low across the Great Basin will become an open wave and
    start to advance northeast toward the central Rockies. As this
    occurs, lee troughing will begin across the southern and central
    High Plains and into eastern Montana. A strong mid-level trough will
    move southward across eastern Canada into the Northeast.

    ...Western Montana...
    Weak to moderate instability will build across western Montana on
    Friday as dewpoints increase into the mid 50s and mid-level
    temperatures cool. Mid-level flow is forecast to increase to 30 to
    40 knots across western Montana which will provide sufficient shear
    for storm organization. The Marginal Risk was expanded slightly to
    account for the likely extent of the threat given the 12Z guidance.

    ...Central Plains...
    Surface moisture is forecast to back up near the terrain across
    northern Colorado and southeast Wyoming. This will lead to weak to
    moderate instability across the region. In addition to typical
    terrain circulations, guidance suggests a weak mid-level shortwave
    trough may emerge across the region and provide additional support
    for storm development. Shear is forecast to remain relatively weak,
    but weak to moderate instability, and steep lapse rates will support
    some threat for severe wind gusts.

    ...Southern Plains into southern Arkansas and northern Louisiana...
    A southern stream mid-level jet streak is forecast to emerge from
    northern Mexico into the southern High Plains. This ~40 knot jet
    streak will overspread portions of the southern High Plains and the
    dryline. This should provide ample shear for storm organization
    during the afternoon/evening. Greater storm coverage and severe
    potential may exist between Midland and Lubbock at the nose of this
    stronger mid-level flow. However, there is still some uncertainty
    with the timing/location of this jet streak, so will not add higher probabilities at this time.

    Added 5% probabilities farther east across Oklahoma and into
    southern Arkansas and northern Louisiana. Moderate instability is
    expected south of a frontal zone in this general area. This may be a
    focus for storm development Friday afternoon/evening. Shear may be
    somewhat weak, but the instability and frontal focus could support a
    few strong to severe storms.

    ..Bentley.. 05/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 28 07:31:58 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 280731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Thu May 28 2026

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER WESTERN
    NEBRASKA AND SOUTH DAKOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered storms, some possibly severe with wind and hail potential,
    are expected over parts of the Plains states on Saturday. The most
    concentrated area is forecast to be over western Nebraska and South
    Dakota.

    ...Northern High Plains...
    An upper low/shortwave trough will eject in negative tilt fashion
    across the northern Rockies on Saturday, with a lobe of stronger
    winds aloft across the area. Midlevel temperatures will be cool,
    with -12 or colder at 500 mb. This, combined with an influx of low
    60s F dewpoints into western SD and NE, will support moderate
    instability. Further, surface winds will be backed to southeasterly,
    as will winds at 850 mb, helping to transport moisture westward and
    enhance storm relative inflow. Storms appear likely to form during
    the late afternoon within the surface trough, with large hail and
    perhaps brief tornado potential. Then, storms will likely merge into
    a forward-propagating cluster or MCS, with damaging winds into the
    evening.

    ...KS/OK/TX...
    At least isolated severe activity appears possible Saturday
    afternoon, including hail and damaging wind threat, as a moist and
    unstable air mass develops. While the main upper wave will be well
    to the north, cool midlevel temperatures will remain over the
    region, which when combined with upper 60s F dewpoints and daytime
    heating, will result in 2000-3000 J/kg MUCAPE. A surface trough and
    dryline are forecast to extend from central KS into western OK and
    northwest TX, and surface convergence may be sufficient to support
    sporadic cell development by late afternoon. Forecast soundings
    indicate veering but weak shear profiles, however, slow-moving
    supercells may occur with large hail and locally severe gusts.

    ..Jewell.. 05/28/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 28 18:40:03 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 281839
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 281838

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0138 PM CDT Thu May 28 2026

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER WESTERN
    NEBRASKA AND SOUTH DAKOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered storms, some possibly severe with wind and hail potential,
    are expected over parts of the Plains states on Saturday. The most
    concentrated area is forecast to be over western Nebraska and South
    Dakota.

    ...Synopsis...
    As a mid-level shortwave trough rotates from the Rockies into the
    central Plains a lee surface cylcone will develop across western
    Kansas. A dryline will mix eastward across southwest Kansas into the
    Texas Panhandle.

    ...Northern High Plains...
    Moderate to strong instability is forecast to develop from northern
    Oklahoma and central Kansas back into western Nebraska and southwest
    North Dakota where low to potentially mid 70s dewpoints are expected
    to develop northeast of a surface dryline. While most of this
    dryline should remain capped due to minimal forcing, storm
    development is expected across northeast Colorado and northwest
    Kansas into western Nebraska during the afternoon as the mid-level
    trough advects across the region and mid-level temperatures cool.
    Mid-level flow is initially forecast to remain relatively weak, but
    strengthen to ~40 knots by late afternoon to early evening when
    storm organization may improve. Steep lapse rates will support large
    hail and severe wind gusts with these storms which may eventually
    grow upscale into a cluster during the evening.

    ...Kansas into northwest Texas...
    Farther south along the dryline, forcing will remain somewhat
    nebulous amid rising heights aloft and weak convergence. However,
    forecast soundings show an uncapped airmass with strong heating (mid
    to upper 90s). This may support a few severe storms and if they
    develop, some storm organization is possible given 50 to 70 knots of
    flow forecast around 300mb. Damaging winds and perhaps some large
    hail would be the primary threats with this activity.

    ..Bentley.. 05/28/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 29 07:26:09 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 290726
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 290724

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 AM CDT Fri May 29 2026

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    THE LOWER TO MID MISSOURI VALLEY INTO THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN
    PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with hail and isolated severe gusts will be possible
    on Sunday from parts of the lower to mid Missouri Valley into the
    central and northern Plains.

    ...Lower to Mid Missouri Valley/Central and Northern Plains...
    A mid-level shortwave trough will move northward across the
    north-central U.S. on Sunday, as flow in its wake remains from the west-southwest. At the surface, a mesolow is forecast to develop
    over southern South Dakota as a dryline sharpens over western Kansas
    and western Nebraska. A broad moist sector will be in place from the
    dryline eastward to near the Mississippi River. Across much of this
    moist airmass, moderate to strong instability is expected to develop
    by afternoon. Thunderstorms will be possible along low-level
    convergence zones that setup in the afternoon. However, convective
    coverage should remain isolated due to rising mid-level heights
    associated with a ridge aloft. In spite of the weak forcing, the
    environment will support an isolated severe threat with cells that
    can initiate and persist. A few severe wind gusts and hail will be
    the primary threats.

    ..Broyles.. 05/29/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 29 18:56:45 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 291856
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 291855

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0155 PM CDT Fri May 29 2026

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    NORTHERN PLAINS TO THE OZARKS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with hail and isolated severe gusts will be possible
    on Sunday from parts of the lower to mid Missouri Valley into the
    central and northern Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    Mid-level ridging will build across the central portion of the CONUS
    with a deepening trough moving from Quebec into the Northeast on
    Sunday. A broad, weak surface trough will extend from the central
    Plains to the northern Plains. A moist environment will exist ahead
    of this trough with dewpoints in the upper 60s to low 70s.

    ...Northern Plains into the Central Plains and Ozarks...
    A frontal zone is forecast to extend from the northern Plains to the
    Midwest Sunday morning. South of this boundary, moderate to strong
    instability is forecast to develop amid upper 60s to low 70s
    dewpoints. Despite the strong instability along this frontal zone,
    convective development (particularly strong storm development)
    remains uncertain given strong height rises expected across the
    region beneath the building ridge. However, if storms are able to
    develop, 25 to 30 knots of effective shear should be sufficient for
    storm organization and perhaps some rotating updrafts. Large hail
    and damaging winds will be the primary threats.

    ...West Texas to western Oklahoma...
    Storms are expected to develop across West Texas Sunday afternoon
    amid moderate instability. However, very weak mid-level flow will be
    present across the region which will likely lead to storm mergers
    and relatively quick upscale growth into a likely non-severe MCS.
    Given the steep lapse rates across the area, some isolated severe
    wind gusts may occur, particularly early in storm lifecycles. This
    potential does not appear large enough for 5 percent probabilities
    at this time.

    ..Bentley.. 05/29/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 30 07:31:43 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 300731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 300730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Sat May 30 2026

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL U.S....AND FROM THE CAROLINAS INTO THE SOUTHERN
    APPALACHIANS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated severe wind gusts and hail will be
    possible on Monday from the central Plains eastward into the mid
    Mississippi Valley, and across parts of the Carolinas and southern Appalachians.

    ...Central Plains/Lower To Mid Missouri Valley/Mid Mississippi
    Valley/Northern Ozarks...
    Mid-level heights will rise across the central U.S. on Monday as a
    ridge builds northward across the region. A broad moist sector will
    be in place from the central Plains eastward into the mid
    Mississippi Valley, where surface dewpoints are forecast to be in
    the mid 60s to lower 70s F. As surface temperatures warm during the
    day, moderate to strong instability will develop over much of this
    airmass. Due to rising heights, large-scale ascent in the central
    U.S. will be limited. However, model forecasts suggest that zones of
    low-level convergence will become focused, most prominently from
    southern Kansas eastward into the northern Ozarks and mid
    Mississippi Valley. Isolated thunderstorms may form along these
    zones of convergence during the afternoon. The strongest instability
    is forecast over eastern Kansas and western Missouri, where forecast
    soundings have MLCAPE peaking in the 3000 to 4000 J/kg range. In
    addition, 0-6 km shear in this area is forecast to be in the 25 to
    30 knot range, which should be enough to support an isolated severe
    threat. Hail and severe wind gusts will be possible.

    Further west into parts of central High Plains, some model forecasts
    show an axis of low-level moisture and instability from western
    Kansas into eastern Colorado Monday afternoon. Thunderstorms that
    can develop near this axis of instability during the mid to late
    afternoon may be associated with hail and isolated severe wind
    gusts.

    ...Carolinas/Southern Appalachians...
    An upper-level trough is forecast to move southward from the Great
    Lakes into the central Appalachians on Monday. At the surface, a
    slow-moving cold front is forecast to be located from the lower Ohio
    Valley southeastward into the Carolinas. South of the front, surface
    dewpoints are forecast to be in the 60s F. Lift along the frontal
    zone will support thunderstorm development, with these storms moving southeastward into the moist sector during the afternoon. Model
    forecasts to the south of the front in South Carolina suggest that
    MLCAPE will peak in the 1000 to 1500 J/kg range. In addition,
    moderate deep-layer shear and steep low-level lapse rates are
    forecast. This could be enough for an isolated potential for severe
    wind gusts.

    ..Broyles.. 05/30/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 30 19:34:17 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 301934
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 301933

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0233 PM CDT Sat May 30 2026

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN
    COLORADO INTO KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with scattered severe wind gusts and large hail will
    be possible Monday from eastern Colorado into Kansas, with mainly
    damaging wind potential from the mid and lower Mississippi Valley
    into the Tennessee Valley.

    ...Central Plains...
    An upper low will remain situated over the northwestern states on
    Monday, with various disturbances rotating into WY with glancing
    influence into CO. At the surface, low pressure is forecast to
    develop over southeast Co with strongly backed/easterly low-level
    winds north of the low across much of NE, KS and into eastern CO.
    These easterly winds will maintain 50s F dewpoints into CO, where
    strong heating and upslope flow should aid development near the
    Front Range during the afternoon. Large hail will be likely with the
    initial cells, with steep lapse rates aloft and 35+ kt deep-layer
    shear aiding supercell development. With time, cells may
    cluster/increase in coverage, with a severe MCS possible into KS
    with damaging winds. Any such system also be supported by a 30-40 kt
    low-level jet during the evening.

    ...Mid to Lower MS and TN Valleys...
    A northwest flow regime aloft will exist across the MS and TN
    Valleys on Monday as an upper trough amplifies over the Northeast. A
    very moist air mass will already be in place, with potential for
    early day thunderstorms as well. Timing for severe is a bit
    uncertain due to possible ongoing activity Monday morning over
    southern MO and vicinity. If this occurs, the primary severe threat
    would likely evolve from that activity as the outflow proceeds
    southeastward across the moist/unstable air mass. Otherwise, new
    activity will be possible within the zone from the Mid MS/Lower OH
    Valley southeastward across the TN and lower MS Valley with daytime
    heating. MUCAPE over 3000 J/kg and steepening low-level lapse rates
    will favor forward propagation and widespread strong to locally
    severe wind gusts.

    ..Jewell.. 05/30/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 31 07:30:24 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 310730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 310729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Sun May 31 2026

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated large hail and severe wind gusts are
    expected on Tuesday across parts of the northern High Plains. Strong
    wind gusts and hail will be possible in parts of the southern and
    central High Plains, and along the eastern Gulf Coast.

    ...High Plains...
    At mid-levels, a low and an associated shortwave trough will move
    slowly eastward from the northern Rockies into the northern High
    Plains on Tuesday. Ahead of the trough, southeasterly mid-level flow
    will be in place over the top of a moist airmass in the northern
    Plains. Surface dewpoints from the mid 50s to lower 60s F will
    contribute the development of moderate instability across much of
    the moist sector by afternoon. Model forecasts focus a zone of
    maximized low-level convergence in the afternoon, ahead of a cold
    front moving through the western Dakotas. Near this convergence
    zone, scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop and move east-northeastward into the warm sector during the late afternoon
    and early evening.

    Ahead of the front, forecast soundings near Bismarck in the late
    afternoon have MLCAPE near 2000 J/kg with 0-6 km shear around 35
    knots. This will support a potential for supercells with large hail.
    In addition, 0-3 km lapse rates are forecast to become very steep in
    the late afternoon, which will coincide with relatively large temperature-dewpoint spreads. This will be favorable for severe wind
    gusts. The severe threat is expected to continue into the early to
    mid evening as multiple storms move eastward into the central
    Dakotas.

    Further south into parts of the southern and central High Plains, a
    moist and unstable airmass will be in place beneath considerably
    weaker mid-level flow. In most areas, large-scale ascent will remain
    limited. However, a few storms could develop along zones of
    maximized low-level convergence. These storms will likely have
    access to moderate instability and enough deep-layer shear for an
    isolated severe threat. A few strong wind gusts and hail will be
    possible.

    ...Eastern Gulf Coast...
    An upper-level trough will move south-southeastward across the
    southern U.S. on Tuesday. At the surface, a cold front is forecast
    to advance southward across southern Alabama and southern Georgia
    during the day. South of the front, moderate instability is expected
    to develop as surface temperatures warm. Steepening low-level lapse
    rates in the afternoon should support an isolated wind-damage threat
    with storms that form near and ahead of the front.

    ..Broyles.. 05/31/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 31 19:36:27 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 311936
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 311935

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0235 PM CDT Sun May 31 2026

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOM EASTERN
    WYOMING INTO THE DAKOTAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated large hail and severe wind gusts are
    expected on Tuesday across parts of the northern High Plains. Strong
    wind gusts and hail will be possible in parts of the southern and
    central High Plains, and along the eastern Gulf Coast.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper trough over the eastern states is forecast to become a
    cut-off low near or just offshore the Carolinas on Tuesday, with a
    weak ridge extending from the southern Plains into the upper Great
    Lakes. To the west, a shortwave trough will move out of MT and the
    Dakotas and into southern Canada.

    At the surface, high pressure will extend from the Great Lakes into
    the OH/TN Valleys, with dry air pushing across the MS Valley and
    toward the Gulf Coast. A plume of relatively moist air will remain
    from TX into the central Plains, with mid 60s F dewpoints as far
    north as western KS and mid 50s F to the cold front in the Dakotas.

    ...Northern to Central High Plains...
    Severe storms are most likely ahead of a cold front Tuesday
    afternoon from eastern WY into the central Dakotas. This area will
    reside beneath the relatively stronger flow aloft, and midlevel
    lapse rates will be steep. Southerly pre-frontal winds veering to
    westerly with height will create wind profiles favorable for a few
    supercells and bows forming over far eastern WY and spreading into
    the Dakotas during the evening. The low-level jet will not be very
    strong, but perhaps sufficient for a couple tornadoes.

    Farther south, scattered storms are likely into the central and
    southern High Plains as strong heating, southeast surface winds with
    50s F dewpoints and a weak surface trough aid development by late
    afternoon. Locally strong gusts and marginal hail will be possible
    as lapse rates aloft remain steep, but shear marginal.

    ...Northern FL and Vicinity...
    A cold front will push south during the day, as heating aids
    moderate destabilization. Modest west to northwest flow aloft around
    the southern periphery of the trough over the Carolinas will support
    mobile clusters of storms mainly over the FL Panhandle and northern
    FL by late afternoon and lasting through early evening. Storms may
    produce locally strong wind gusts near peak heating, and a few cells
    may produce marginal hail into northeast FL given relatively
    stronger mid to high level flow. Isolated cells may also develop
    along the east coast sea breeze.

    ..Jewell.. 05/31/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 1 07:15:03 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 010714
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010713

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0213 AM CDT Mon Jun 01 2026

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with large hail and severe wind gusts will be possible
    on Wednesday in parts of the northern Plains. Strong wind gusts and
    hail will also be possible in parts of the central High Plains.

    ...Northern Plains/Central High Plains...
    At mid-levels, a shortwave trough is forecast to move across the
    Northern High Plains on Wednesday, as southwesterly flow remains in
    place over the Dakotas. At the surface, a cold front is forecast to
    move eastward into the central Dakotas during the afternoon. Ahead
    of the front, surface dewpoints in the lower to mid 60s F will
    contribute to an axis of moderate instability over the eastern
    Dakotas by mid to late afternoon. Low-level convergence ahead of the
    front and large-scale ascent associated with the shortwave trough
    will support scattered thunderstorm development. Multiple small
    clusters of storms appear likely to move eastward across the
    instability corridor in the afternoon and evening.

    Ahead of the front late Wednesday afternoon, forecast soundings from
    northeast South Dakota into southeastern North Dakota have 0-6 km
    shear in the 30 to 40 knot range with 700-500 mb lapse rates in the
    7 to 7.5 C/km range. This environment is expected to support
    supercells with large hail. Severe wind gusts will also be possible,
    mainly with any organized cluster that can persist into the early to
    mid evening.

    Further south across the central High Plains, an axis of moderate
    instability is forecast to be in place by afternoon. Although model
    forecasts suggest that large-ascent will remain weak, isolated
    storms could develop in areas where low-level convergence becomes
    maximized. By late afternoon, forecast soundings in the central High
    Plains have 0-6 km shear in the 20 to 25 knot range with 0-3 km
    lapse rates near 8 C/km. This would support an isolated threat for
    severe wind gusts. Hail will also be possible.

    ..Broyles.. 06/01/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 1 19:25:42 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 011925
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 011924

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 PM CDT Mon Jun 01 2026

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS MAINLY OVER PARTS
    OF THE DAKOTAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with large hail and severe wind gusts will be possible
    Wednesday in parts of the northern Plains, with widely scattered
    strong wind gusts or marginal hail over parts of the central High
    Plains.

    ...Northern Plains...
    Slight cooling aloft will occur over ND into northern MN as a
    shortwave trough slowly moves east across the area. Midlevel winds
    of 35-45 kt are forecast, resulting in deep-layer shear of 30-40 kt
    as southerly winds of 30 kt develop at 850 mb. A cold front will
    move into eastern ND and central SD during the afternoon, providing
    a focus for storm development. MUCAPE may average around 1500 J/kg
    with low 60s F dewpoints, though models disagree on this. Some
    forecast soundings appear favorable for a supercells with good mid
    to high level flow and increasing evening SRH, especially across the
    Red River Valley and into northwest MN.

    ...Central Plains and into NM...
    A moist and unstable air mass will remain over much of the central
    and southern Plains as well as into NM. Shear will be weak, but the
    air mass will be uncapped over this entire area as temperatures
    aloft will remain relatively cool. As such, scattered areas of
    thunderstorms will occur during the afternoon along the length of
    the High Plains, with localized wind or hail. Moisture will push
    westward across NM as well, again with isolated strong gusts or
    small hail.

    ..Jewell.. 06/01/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 2 07:29:15 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 020729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 020727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Tue Jun 02 2026

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS...MUCH OF SOUTH DAKOTA...AND NORTHERN
    NEBRASKA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of large hail and damaging winds are
    possible from parts of the northern High Plains into lower
    elevations of the northern and central Plains Thursday afternoon
    into night. More isolated occurrences of large hail and damaging
    winds appear possible in parts of the upper Midwest and upper Great
    Lakes.

    ...Synopsis...

    A mid/upper-level low over southern Manitoba Thursday morning is
    forecast to move into Ontario ahead of a weakening short-wave trough translating from the northern Rockies into northern Plains. A
    separate disturbance is expected to progress through the central
    Plains. In the low levels, a surface low will track from southern
    Manitoba into northwest Ontario while a trailing cold front advances
    through the upper MS Valley into the upper Great Lakes. The trailing
    extension of the boundary will link with a surface low over eastern
    WY.

    ...Northern High Plains into the upper Great Lakes...

    The synoptic front and low-level upslope flow north of the boundary
    in the northern High Plains will be the main foci for strong to
    severe thunderstorm development Thursday afternoon into night. The
    most favorable overlap of steep lapse rates, moderate instability,
    and modestly strong vertical shear is expected to reside in those
    same areas from the northern High Plains east into the mid MO
    Valley.

    Aided by forcing for ascent associated with weakening short-wave
    trough, diurnally enhanced thunderstorm development is anticipated
    Thursday afternoon from portions of eastern MT into western SD, near
    and to the north of the stalled surface front. The environment
    appears supportive of supercell storm modes capable of large to very
    large hail initially, especially across western SD. Some model
    guidance suggests that the initial discrete storms may grow upscale
    into a forward-propagating MCS that would advance east across SD
    Thursday night with an associated risk for severe wind gusts.

    A potentially separate strong to severe storm regime may materialize
    Thursday afternoon and evening across portions of central and
    eastern NE into western IA in association with the lower-latitude
    disturbance moving through those areas. Vertical shear will be
    weaker than locations farther to the northwest; however, the
    presence of a moderately unstable air mass may support isolated
    occurrences of large hail and severe wind gusts.

    Isolated to widely scattered, strong to severe storms may also
    develop along the cold front across parts of the upper Great Lakes
    into upper Midwest Thursday afternoon and evening with an associated
    damaging wind and/or large hail risk.

    ..Mead.. 06/02/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 2 19:18:48 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 021918
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 021917

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0217 PM CDT Tue Jun 02 2026

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHERN
    NEBRASKA INTO PORTIONS OF THE NORTHERN PLAINS....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of large hail and damaging winds are
    possible from parts of the northern High Plains into lower
    elevations of the northern and central Plains Thursday afternoon
    into night. More isolated occurrences of large hail and damaging
    winds appear possible in parts of the upper Midwest and upper Great
    Lakes.

    ...Synopsis...
    Mid-level zonal flow with multiple embedded shortwave troughs is
    forecast from the Northwest to the Upper Midwest on Thursday. At the
    surface, high pressure will dominate much of the eastern CONUS with
    a more nebulous surface pattern elsewhere.

    ...Northern/Central Plains...
    Lee troughing is expected across the central High Plains through the
    day Thursday as a ~50 knot jet streak emerges across the eastern
    Wyoming into western South Dakota and the Nebraska Panhandle. As
    this occurs, upslope flow will strengthen/moisten across southwest
    South Dakota into northeast Wyoming. This upslope region will likely
    be the zone for initial severe storm development Thursday afternoon.
    Additional storms may also develop eastward along the front and
    southward along the dryline. The most favorable zone for severe
    supercells is across western South Dakota where moderate to strong
    shear will overlap moderate to strong instability near the surface
    low/triple point. All severe weather hazards (including very large
    hail) will be possible Thursday afternoon and evening with eventual
    upscale growth into a MCS into the overnight hours.

    Isolated to scattered storms are expected along the diffuse dryline
    across the central/southern High Plains. However, mid-level flow is
    expected to be weak across this region and lapse rates are not
    expected to be that steep. Therefore, any severe weather potential
    from this activity should remain quite isolated.

    ..Bentley.. 06/02/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 3 07:28:52 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 030728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Wed Jun 03 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL AND
    EASTERN NEBRASKA INTO IOWA...SOUTHERN MINNESOTA...AND WESTERN
    WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms capable of large to very large hail,
    damaging winds, and perhaps a couple of tornadoes are expected
    Friday afternoon into night across portions of the upper Midwest
    into central Plains.

    ...Synopsis...

    The primary upper-air feature of interest Friday is a short-wave
    trough, which is forecast to amplify while progressing from the
    northern Plains into the upper MS Valley and upper Midwest. A cold
    front associated with at upper-air system is expected to stretch
    from the upper Midwest through the mid MO Valley into the central
    High Plains by mid afternoon. That boundary is expected to serve as
    the focus for strong to severe thunderstorm development from
    afternoon into Friday night.


    ...Upper Midwest into the Central Plains...

    Areas of thunderstorms may be ongoing Friday morning across parts of
    the Midwest and possibly northern Plains, with that activity
    expected to decrease in areal coverage through the morning. However,
    residual cloudiness and convective outflow may slow the
    destabilization process in areas where the storms linger the
    longest. Outside of those areas, model guidance indicates the
    development of moderate to strong instability within the pre-frontal
    warm sector by mid to late afternoon.

    Height falls/forcing for ascent associated with the migratory
    short-wave trough coupled with low-level convergence along the
    synoptic front and any remnant outflow boundaries are expected to
    contribute to an areal increase in storms during the afternoon and
    evening hours. An associated risk for at least isolated severe
    weather appears possible in parts of the northern and central Plains
    into the upper Midwest and upper Great Lakes region. Within that
    broader envelope, a potentially more concentrated zone of severe
    storms may materialize in the vicinity of the synoptic front from
    parts of western WI and northern MN into central and eastern NE.
    There, a favorable overlap of 30-40 kt of deep-layer shear and the
    moderate to strong instability is forecast to develop, supporting
    organized storm modes capable of mainly large to very large hail and
    damaging wind gusts. Some increase in low-level shear is forecast
    across the mid MO Valley Friday evening, conditionally supporting
    some tornado risk.

    ..Mead.. 06/03/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 3 08:49:22 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 030849
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030848

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0348 AM CDT Wed Jun 03 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL AND
    EASTERN NEBRASKA INTO IOWA...SOUTHERN MINNESOTA...AND WESTERN
    WISCONSIN...

    CORRECTED FOR ERRONEOUS GEOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms capable of large to very large hail,
    damaging winds, and perhaps a couple of tornadoes are expected
    Friday afternoon into night across portions of the upper Midwest
    into central Plains.

    ...Synopsis...

    The primary upper-air feature of interest Friday is a short-wave
    trough, which is forecast to amplify while progressing from the
    northern Plains into the upper MS Valley and upper Midwest. A cold
    front associated with at upper-air system is expected to stretch
    from the upper Midwest through the mid MO Valley into the central
    High Plains by mid afternoon. That boundary is expected to serve as
    the focus for strong to severe thunderstorm development from
    afternoon into Friday night.


    ...Upper Midwest into the Central Plains...

    Areas of thunderstorms may be ongoing Friday morning across parts of
    the Midwest and possibly northern Plains, with that activity
    expected to decrease in areal coverage through the morning. However,
    residual cloudiness and convective outflow may slow the
    destabilization process in areas where the storms linger the
    longest. Outside of those areas, model guidance indicates the
    development of moderate to strong instability within the pre-frontal
    warm sector by mid to late afternoon.

    Height falls/forcing for ascent associated with the migratory
    short-wave trough coupled with low-level convergence along the
    synoptic front and any remnant outflow boundaries are expected to
    contribute to an areal increase in storms during the afternoon and
    evening hours. An associated risk for at least isolated severe
    weather appears possible in parts of the northern and central Plains
    into the upper Midwest and upper Great Lakes region. Within that
    broader envelope, a potentially more concentrated zone of severe
    storms may materialize in the vicinity of the synoptic front from
    parts of western WI and southern MN into central and eastern NE.
    There, a favorable overlap of 30-40 kt of deep-layer shear and the
    moderate to strong instability is forecast to develop, supporting
    organized storm modes capable of mainly large to very large hail and
    damaging wind gusts. Some increase in low-level shear is forecast
    across the mid MO Valley Friday evening, conditionally supporting
    some tornado risk.

    ..Mead.. 06/03/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 3 19:22:30 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 031922
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 031921

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 PM CDT Wed Jun 03 2026

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL AND
    EASTERN NEBRASKA INTO IOWA...SOUTHERN MINNESOTA...AND WESTERN
    WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms capable of large to very large hail,
    damaging winds, and perhaps a couple of tornadoes are expected
    Friday afternoon into night across portions of the upper Midwest
    into central Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level shortwave trough will move from the northern Plains to
    the Midwest on Friday with a 50 knot jet streak on it's southern
    periphery. A cold front will extend from the Upper Midwest to the
    central Plains. Strong to severe storms are expected along this
    boundary on Friday and Friday night.

    ...Upper Midwest into the Central Plains...
    Thunderstorm activity will likely be ongoing from northeast Kansas
    to southern Wisconsin on Friday morning within a region of moderate
    isentropic ascent. This activity will likely be mostly sub-severe
    given relatively weak instability. As the low-level jet weakens
    during the morning, expect ongoing convection to weaken. In the wake
    of these morning storms, strong instability is anticipated amid
    upper 60s to low 70s dewpoints and very step lapse rates. As the
    mid-level trough approaches, mid-level flow will strengthen. In
    addition, forecast soundings show significant lifting of the cap
    between 18Z and 23Z which should result in eventual storm
    development along the front during the afternoon/early evening.
    Strong instability and moderate to strong shear will support the
    potential for supercells, including the potential for large to very
    large hail. Additionally, as the low-level jet strengthens Friday
    evening, a tornado threat may materialize, conditional on supercell
    storm mode in the 00Z to 03Z timeframe.

    ..Bentley.. 06/03/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 4 07:28:06 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 040728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Thu Jun 04 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS FAR
    SOUTHEAST LOWER MICHIGAN...NORTHERN AND CENTRAL OHIO...WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA...FAR WESTERN NEW YORK...NORTHEAST MONTANA...AND
    WESTERN NORTH DAKOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms capable of large hail and damaging winds are
    possible from portions of the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley into the
    Northeast, and over the northern High Plains.

    ...Synopsis...

    A short-wave trough and attending belt of 40-50 kt mid-level winds
    initially over the Great Lakes will overspread the Northeast and
    Mid-Atlantic Saturday into Saturday night. Meanwhile, an intense
    upstream trough is forecast to move through the Canadian Rockies and
    Pacific Northwest into the northern Rockies, with downstream height
    falls and strengthening mid/upper-level winds advancing into the
    northern High Plains. Elsewhere, a mid-level low initially centered
    along the NM-TX state line is expected to evolve into an open wave
    while lifting northeast across the central and southern Plains.

    At the surface, a cold front will push through the Great Lakes, New
    England, and OH Valley during the forecast period, while a lee
    cyclone deepens along a cold front moving through the northern High
    Plains.


    ...Great Lakes and OH Valley into the Northeast...

    A westerly low-level jet will advect an increasingly moist air mass
    through the Great Lakes and OH Valley into the Northeast ahead of
    the cold front on Saturday. The moisture increase will combine with
    daytime heating to support a moderately unstable environment across
    the OH Valley, with instability diminishing with northeastward
    extent into New England. Thunderstorms are expected to increase in
    coverage and intensity through the afternoon ahead of the short-wave
    trough, and amidst a kinematic environment featuring 30-40 kt of
    deep-layer shear. The most favorable overlap of stronger
    instability, vertical shear, and forcing for ascent is expected to
    materialize across the upper OH Valley Saturday afternoon, where
    supercells will be possible with a higher-probability risk for large
    hail and damaging winds. Elsewhere, isolated occurrences of large
    hail and/or damaging wind will be possible during the afternoon and
    evening hours.


    ...Northern High Plains...

    The presence of steep lapse rates and increasing boundary-layer
    moisture content are expected to contribute to a moderate to
    strongly unstable air mass by afternoon ahead of the surface low and
    cold front over eastern MT and western ND. Moisture wrapping around
    the surface low is expected to reach into the high terrain of
    central MT, supporting at least modest destabilization there.
    Initial, isolated storms are expected in the post-frontal, upslope
    environment in central MT Saturday afternoon, with storms
    potentially not developing until Saturday evening in the vicinity of
    the front in eastern MT and western ND, due to late-arriving forcing
    for ascent. Vertical shear will strengthen through the day with the
    kinematic environment favoring supercell storm modes with the
    primary hazard being large hail.


    ...Southern Plains....

    The models indicate a band of 30-35 kt mid-level winds developing
    within the southeast quadrant of the upper low from southwest TX
    into the Red River Valley Saturday afternoon. As a result, vertical
    shear will be enhanced in those areas; however, the primary
    uncertainty regarding some severe-storm threat is the effect of
    early-day storms on afternoon air mass destabilization.

    ..Mead.. 06/04/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 4 18:50:08 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 041850
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 041848

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0148 PM CDT Thu Jun 04 2026

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS NORTHEAST
    MONTANA AND NORTHWEST NORTH DAKOTA AND FROM NORTHERN OHIO INTO
    WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms capable of large hail and damaging winds are
    possible from portions of the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley into the
    Northeast, and over the northern High Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Saturday, a ridge will build across the Plains into the Upper
    Midwest with an amplifying trough across the Northeast/eastern Great
    Lakes and another trough centered over the Northwest. At the
    surface, a weak surface low will be present across the Northeast
    with a stronger surface low in the lee of the northern Rockies.

    ...Eastern Montana and western North Dakota...
    As lee troughing intensifies on Saturday, low-level moisture will
    advect northwestward into western North Dakota and eastern Montana.
    This will result in strong to very strong instability by mid to late
    afternoon. As the broader trough shifts east and height falls
    overspread the Plains, expect storms to develop along the lee
    trough/dryline in eastern Montana and move northeastward. As
    mid-level flow strengthens through the day, shear will strengthen
    and should support supercell storm mode. Large hail should be the
    primary threat, but given relatively steep lapse rates across the
    region, some severe wind threat will also exist.

    ...Great Lakes into the Ohio Valley...
    A cold front will extend from the surface low in southern Quebec/New
    England into the eastern Great Lakes Saturday morning. Moisture will
    increase ahead of this front from west to east with increasing
    instability, especially across Indiana and into western
    Pennslylvania. Within this same zone, moderate mid-level flow will
    overspread the region with moderate deep-layer shear forecast.
    Storms are expected to develop along the front by mid afternoon and
    move south-southeastward into the evening. Farther northeast,
    dewpoints will remain in the low to mid 60s which should limit
    instability somewhat which should support lesser storm
    coverage/intensity along the font.

    ..Bentley.. 06/04/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 5 07:36:15 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 050736
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050735

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0235 AM CDT Fri Jun 05 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms capable of large to very large hail and
    severe wind gusts are possible across the northern Plains. More
    isolated severe storms capable locally damaging wind gusts may occur
    across portions of the Mid-Atlantic.

    ...Synopsis...

    A vorticity maximum and associated jet streak within the base of
    broader-scale troughing from the lee of the Canadian Rockies into
    northern Intermountain Region Sunday morning are forecast to
    translate into the northern High Plains by Sunday night. Meanwhile,
    a short-wave trough will progress from the lower Great Lakes through
    southern New England and the Mid-Atlantic in tandem with a 40-50 kt
    wind maximum in the mid levels. At the surface, an area of low
    pressure and associated front are expected to remain
    quasi-stationary over the western Dakotas Sunday, prior to advancing
    slowly east Sunday night. Elsewhere, a cold front will move through
    the Mid-Atlantic Sunday afternoon.


    ...Northern Plains...

    A hot, pre-frontal air mass is expected to develop Sunday afternoon
    with steep lapse rates and boundary-layer dewpoints in the 50s to
    low 60s contributing to moderate instability. Wrap-around moisture
    on the backside of the surface front will support air mass
    destabilization across portions of eastern MT into northeast WY as
    well. The models suggest potentially separate severe thunderstorm
    regimes evolving across the region Sunday afternoon and evening.
    Isolated storms appear possible along favored terrain of central MT
    into northeast WY, aided by increasing height falls downstream from
    the approaching vorticity maximum and jet streak. Additional storms
    appear possible along the surface front across the western Dakotas
    as the strong boundary-layer heating erodes the capping.

    Strengthening vertical shear will support supercells capable of
    mainly large hail in post-frontal regime, and large to very large
    hail and severe wind gusts within the pre-frontal warm sector.
    Low-level shear is forecast to strengthen during the evening;
    however, relatively high LCLs are expected to limit a robust tornado
    threat. The severe-weather threat may continue into Sunday night,
    especially across western and central ND.


    ...Mid-Atlantic...

    Daytime heating and boundary-layer dewpoints in the 60s are expected
    to support moderate afternoon instability ahead of the cold front.
    Latest model guidance suggests that isolated to widely scattered
    thunderstorms will develop along the boundary, aided by forcing for
    ascent associated with the short-wave trough. Forecast soundings
    indicate largely unidirectional wind profiles with 30-40 kt of
    deep-layer shear, which would favor some cold pool organization with
    an associated risk for locally damaging wind gusts into early
    evening.

    ..Mead.. 06/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 5 19:23:20 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 051923
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 051922

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 PM CDT Fri Jun 05 2026

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms capable of large to very large hail and
    severe wind gusts are possible across the northern Plains. More
    isolated severe storms capable locally damaging wind gusts may occur
    across portions of the Mid-Atlantic.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Sunday, a mid-level trough will move from the East Coast to the
    Atlantic with a strong ridge across the Great Lakes. A large scale
    trough will be in place across the western CONUS with an embedded
    shortwave trough moving from the Northwest to the northern Rockies
    through the day. At the surface, a lee trough will extend along the
    High Plains from eastern Montana to West Texas.

    ...Northern Plains and Vicinity...
    Moderate to strong instability will develop across the northern
    Plains with mid to upper 60s dewpoints. Farther west, wrap-around
    moisture will result in modest destabilization into northeast
    Wyoming and eastern Montana. Storms will first develop in this area.
    While instability will be less within this zone, stronger mid-level
    flow will support storm organization including the potential for
    supercells. Large hail and severe wind gusts will be the primary
    threat. In addition to this activity, additional storms are expected
    along the dryline/front in central North Dakota where instability
    will be greatest and temperatures are expected to warm into the
    upper 80s to low 90s.

    ...Portions of the Mid-Atlantic...
    Diurnal heating and upper 60s dewpoints will support modest
    destabilization ahead of the surface front across eastern Virginia
    and vicinity on Sunday. Mid-level forcing associated with the
    southeastward moving trough will support isolated to scattered
    thunderstorm development during the afternoon/evening. Damaging
    winds will be the primary threat from these storms with the threat
    expected to wane after sunset.

    ..Bentley.. 06/05/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 6 07:28:25 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 060728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Sat Jun 06 2026

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms capable of large hail and severe wind gusts
    appear possible across the central High Plains Monday afternoon and
    evening.

    ...Synopsis...

    Mid-level heights are forecast to rise over the northern and central
    High Plains Monday in the wake of a short-wave trough lifting into
    central Canada, and ahead of an amplifying, upstream system tracking
    from the northern Great Basin into northern Rockies. At the surface,
    a frontal system extending from the eastern Dakotas to low pressure
    over western KS Monday morning is forecast to weaken through the day
    in response to falling pressures across the northern Rockies.


    ...Central High Plains...

    Deepening low pressure over MT and WY in conjunction with a residual
    surface low over southwest KS or northwest OK will promote the
    westward advection of an increasingly moist air mass into the higher
    terrain of eastern CO and southeast WY. That process will occur
    beneath a plume of steep mid-level lapse rates with a moderately
    unstable environment developing by afternoon. In the absence of
    appreciable forcing for ascent, daytime heating and lift along
    favored terrain may be sufficient to support isolated thunderstorm
    development by mid to late afternoon. Southwesterly mid-level winds
    are forecast to strengthen through the day, yielding sufficient
    vertical shear for supercells capable of large hail. There is some
    model signal that an isolated hail and wind threat may spread into
    western parts of NE and KS Monday evening.


    ...Ozark Plateau into the lower Ohio Valley and Mid-South...

    A number of models suggest that thunderstorms may be ongoing Monday
    morning across Ozarks or Ozark Plateau region within a zone of warm
    advection occurring with the terminus of a nocturnal low-level jet
    (LLJ). The LLJ is forecast to weaken through the morning, with
    forcing for ascent becoming much more nebulous into afternoon. The
    air mass along and south of an expected outflow boundary is forecast
    to be quite moist and moderate to strongly unstable, and a few
    severe storms appear possible during the afternoon. Vertical shear
    will remain weak, which will limit the magnitude of any severe
    weather threat. The primary uncertainty is exactly where the outflow
    boundary will reside given considerable model variability in
    precipitation distribution throughout the day. As such, no
    severe-weather probabilities will be included in this forecast.

    ..Mead.. 06/06/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 6 19:30:59 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 061930
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 061929

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 PM CDT Sat Jun 06 2026

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER THE CENTRAL
    HIGH PLAINS...AND OVER THE FAR NORTHERN PLAINS LATE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms capable of large hail and severe wind gusts
    appear possible across the central High Plains Monday afternoon and
    evening. Isolated hail cannot be ruled out over the far northern
    Plains near the Canadian border into Tuesday morning.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Monday, a shortwave trough will continue moving north across
    central Canada, with height rises across the Plains during the day.
    Scattered early day thunderstorms are expected to diminish across
    the northern Plains and upper MS Valley as subsidence occurs aloft.

    During the afternoon, a lee trough is forecast to redevelop from
    eastern WY into CO and toward the OK/TX Panhandles, where strong
    heating will lead to steep low-level lapse rates and a deeply mixed
    boundary layer. Moisture will be more limited, but late-developing
    southeast surface winds will eventually bring higher dewpoints
    westward toward the surface trough.

    ...Central Plains...
    Storms are expected to develop during the late afternoon and early
    evening over eastern CO, with more isolated activity along the
    dryline into the TX Panhandle. Deep-layer shear near 35 kt as well
    as increasing 850 mb winds may support a few clusters of storms
    persisting into western NE and KS through the evening as well.
    Locally damaging wind gusts appear most probable.

    ...Far northeast MT...Northern ND...Northwest MN...
    A warm front will develop and surge northward late Monday night into
    Tuesday morning, close to the Canadian border by 12Z. This will
    occur ahead of a developing shortwave trough moving into the
    northern Rockies. Forecast soundings indicate substantial elevated
    CAPE will be possible, as a 40 kt southerly low-level jet brings
    moisture northward. Lapse rates aloft will be steep, and may favor
    isolated hail.

    ...Mid MS/OH Valleys...
    A slow-moving midlevel wave is likely to be located over the Mid MS
    to OH Valley, where a very moist air mass will exist. Scattered
    thunderstorms are likely with this feature, which may also be
    accompanied by stronger low-level shear on the mesoscale. However, predictability for this feature is low this far out in time.

    ..Jewell.. 06/06/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 7 07:23:35 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 070723
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 070722

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 AM CDT Sun Jun 07 2026

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER CENTRAL
    NORTH DAKOTA AND NORTH-CENTRAL SOUTH DAKOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered to numerous severe thunderstorms are expected to develop
    across portions of the northern Plains into Upper Mississippi Valley
    Tuesday afternoon into night. All severe-weather hazards are
    possible. Isolated to widely scattered severe storms may also occur
    across the central Plains, with a risk for large hail and damaging
    winds.

    ...Synopsis...

    A short-wave trough and attending mid/upper-level jet streaks over
    the northern Rockies Tuesday morning will overspread the northern
    Plains by afternoon. Farther upstream, a significant short-wave
    trough will assume an increasing negative tilt while translating
    into the northern High Plains early Tuesday morning. At the surface,
    a cyclone linked with the lead short-wave trough will deepen while
    developing from southeast MT into western ND by afternoon.
    Meanwhile, an associated Pacific front will push east into the
    western Dakotas, with more of a dryline structure evident from
    southwest NE into the OK and TX Panhandles.


    ...Northern and Central Plains into Upper Mississippi Valley...

    An active severe-weather period is anticipated Tuesday afternoon
    into night, especially across the northern Plains, where all
    severe-weather hazards are possible.

    While the pre-frontal air mass over the western Dakotas is not
    expected to be overly moist with dewpoints in the 50s to low 60s,
    strong daytime heating and steep mid-level lapse rates will
    contribute to moderate to strong instability by mid to late
    afternoon. Some potential for early-day storms will exist in
    northern ND, within a zone of persistent warm advection. Additional,
    more intense thunderstorm activity is expected by mid afternoon from
    the southern fringe of the early-day convection south along the
    front as forcing for ascent increases with the approach of the
    short-wave trough.

    Vertically veering wind profiles with 40-50+ kt of deep-layer shear
    will favor supercells capable of large to very large hail initially.
    Some tornado threat could materialize during the evening hours as
    LCL heights lower and the low-level shear increases. With time,
    storms may grow upscale into clusters, with an increasing risk for
    damaging winds spreading east through the Red River Valley.

    Farther south, a number of models develop isolated to widely
    scattered storms during the afternoon along the dryline in western
    KS amidst a marginally sheared, but moderate to strongly unstable
    environment. There is some signal that an MCS could evolve from that
    activity across the mid to lower MO Valley Tuesday evening. Only 5% total-severe probabilities will be added in those areas, due to
    uncertainty in that scenario.

    ..Mead.. 06/07/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 7 19:42:39 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 071942
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 071941

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0241 PM CDT Sun Jun 07 2026

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    THE DAKOTAS AND MINNESOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Numerous severe thunderstorms are likely to develop across parts of
    the northern Plains and Upper Mississippi Valley Tuesday afternoon
    and into the night. Several strong tornadoes, very large hail and
    damaging winds will be possible. Elsewhere, isolated to widely
    scattered severe storms may also occur across the central Plains,
    with a risk for large hail and damaging winds.

    ...Dakotas into western Minnesota...
    Significant severe storms are likely Tuesday afternoon and evening,
    with the greatest strong tornado potential across northern and
    eastern North Dakota into far northwest Minnesota and across the
    international border.

    A progressive shortwave trough will move out of the Rockies and
    across the northern Plains, with a 40-50 kt midlevel speed max and
    cooling aloft. Low pressure will develop into ND, and move into
    southern Manitoba through 00Z. Importantly, a substantial warm front
    is forecast to move through the area, with a rapid increase in
    dewpoints and instability. There appears to be minimal failure mode
    for the triple point/warm front, with little if any precipitation
    forecast ahead of it, and a dry air mass north of it with some
    capping. A low-level jet will also increase late in the day with
    40-50 kt out of the due south at 850 mb. All this will combine to
    produce a dynamic and potentially dangerous scenario for parts of
    North Dakota, and/or perhaps near or just north of the Canadian
    border. The steep lapse rates aloft, and favorable wind profiles
    near and northeast of the surface low may conditionally favor
    stronger tornadoes. However, given the setup is three days out, will
    maintain Enhanced Risk with CIG1 due to uncertainties.

    Otherwise, the entire warm sector extending into SD and western MN
    will also be conducive to supercells and eventual bowing structures
    with tornadoes, very large hail and damaging winds.

    Other severe storms may occur into the central Plains as well with
    hail and wind. Substantial instability will also extend
    southeastward into IL and surrounding areas, with more of a
    conditional risk of isolated afternoon storms as lift will be weaker
    in these areas.

    ..Jewell.. 06/07/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 8 07:23:47 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 080723
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080722

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 AM CDT Mon Jun 08 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF EASTERN MINNESOTA...MUCH OF WISCONSIN...CENTRAL AND EASTERN
    IOWA...AND NORTHWEST ILLINOIS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered to numerous severe thunderstorms capable of large to very
    large hail, tornadoes, and damaging winds with significant gusts
    appear likely across portions of the upper Mississippi Valley and
    Midwest Wednesday afternoon into night. More sporadic occurrences of
    large hail and damaging winds are possible into the central Plains.

    ...Synopsis...

    The 00z models have trended toward a similarly timed, but slightly
    more amplified short-wave trough, which will move through the
    northern Plains into upper MS Valley, in tandem with a 50-60+ kt jet
    streak. Meanwhile, a stronger upstream system is forecast to amplify
    across the northern and central Plains late Wednesday night into
    Thursday morning.

    At the surface, a cold front initially from the eastern Dakotas into
    central High Plains will push east into the upper Great Lakes. A
    frontal wave is forecast to develop from eastern SD into central MN
    by afternoon, where it may link with an outflow boundary extending
    into central WI. The trailing extension of the front is expected to
    stall across the mid or lower MO Valley in response to the deepening
    of a surface low over the central or southern High Plains.


    ...Upper Mississippi Valley into upper Great Lakes and mid/lower
    Missouri Valley...

    A very moist boundary layer, characterized by boundary-layer
    dewpoints in the upper 60s to mid 70s is forecast ahead of the
    front, which coupled with steep lapse rates, will contribute to
    moderate to strong instability by afternoon. Thunderstorms are
    expected to develop by early afternoon along the surface front and
    any outflow boundaries across the upper MS Valley, with subsequent, south/southwestward storm development into IA and the lower MO
    Valley by mid to late afternoon. The strongest deep-layer shear is
    forecast across the upper MS Valley into upper Midwest, with
    decreasing bulk-shear magnitudes with southward extent being offset
    by stronger instability. The CAPE/shear parameter space will favor
    organized storm modes including supercells and bowing structures.
    Large to very large hail will likely be the initial hazard, with the
    threat for damaging winds and tornadoes increasing as storms move
    into WI, eastern IA, and northwest IL, where stronger low-level
    shear is forecast.

    Additional, isolated to widely scattered storms are anticipated by
    late afternoon into evening across portions of the lower MO Valley
    into at least eastern KS. While vertical shear will be somewhat
    marginal, the strong instability will support strong up/downdrafts
    capable of isolated occurrences of large hail and damaging winds.

    A separate, elevated thunderstorm regime may materialize Wednesday
    night into Thursday morning across portions central/eastern NE and
    northern KS as low-level warm advection increases ahead of the next
    mid-level trough moving into the northern and central Plains. The
    strongest storms will be capable of a large-hail threat.

    ..Mead.. 06/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 8 19:22:52 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 081922
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 081921

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 PM CDT Mon Jun 08 2026

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF EASTERN MINNESOTA...WISCONSIN...EASTERN IOWA...AND NORTHERN
    ILLINOIS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered to numerous severe thunderstorms capable of large to very
    large hail, tornadoes, and damaging winds with significant gusts
    appear likely across portions of the upper Mississippi Valley and
    Midwest Wednesday afternoon into night. More sporadic occurrences of
    large hail and damaging winds are possible into the central Plains.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper low is forecast over southern Alberta/Saskatchewan and
    northern MT Wednesday morning. One upper shortwave trough associated
    with this system will be oriented over the northern High Plains
    Wednesday morning, and will spread eastward through the period into
    the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes vicinity. A second upper shortwave
    trough will deepen and develop southeast from the northern Rockies
    to the central High Plains by Thursday morning.

    At the surface, a cold front will initially be located from eastern
    ND toward the central High Plains. The northern portion of this
    front will develop east across the Upper Midwest, while the
    southwestern extension of the front stalls from the Mid-MO Valley
    into the southern High Plains as a surface low deepens over NE/KS
    overnight.

    ...Upper MS Valley/Great Lakes toward the Mid/Lower MO Valley
    vicinity...

    Remnant convection from the Day 2/Tuesday period may be
    ongoing/decaying across parts of the region Wednesday morning.
    Furthermore, convective outflow could be positioned somewhere across
    the Upper Midwest. As a result, evolution of convection from the Day
    2 period will likely have some impact on where corridors of greater
    severe potential develop on Wednesday. Regardless, rich boundary
    layer moisture will spread across parts of MN/WI/IA/IL as a warm
    front retreats northward across the Great Lakes and ahead of the
    advancing surface cold front. This will foster strong
    destabilization across the region as vertical shear increases with
    time. Numerous organized severe thunderstorms, possibly both
    supercells and bowing segments, are expected with an accompany
    all-hazards severe risk, particularly across parts of MN/WI and
    possibly IA into northern IL.

    With southwest extent into the Mid/Lower MO Valley, effective shear
    magnitudes will decrease. However, a very moist and strongly
    unstable airmass will be in place ahead of the stalled surface
    boundary across KS to western IA. A dryline will also extend into
    the southern High Plains, though boundary layer moisture will also
    become more modest with southwest extent. Both of these boundaries
    will serve as a focus for a second area of severe thunderstorm
    potential during the late afternoon/evening, with both large hail
    and damaging gusts possible. Additional severe thunderstorms may
    develop overnight as a low-level jet strengthens and overspreads the
    stalled surface boundary across KS. Large hail could accompany this
    activity later in the forecast period.

    ..Leitman.. 06/08/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 9 07:28:02 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 090727
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090726

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 AM CDT Tue Jun 09 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHEAST
    MISSOURI THROUGH EASTERN IOWA...NORTHERN AND CENTRAL ILLINOIS AND
    SOUTHERN WISCONSIN INTO WESTERN LOWER MICHIGAN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered to numerous severe storms capable of potentially strong
    tornadoes, large hail, and destructive winds appear likely from
    portions of the lower Missouri and mid Mississippi Valleys into the
    upper Great Lakes. More sporadic occurrences of damaging wind and
    large hail are possible across the southern Plains, upper Ohio
    Valley and lower Great Lakes toward the Mid-Atlantic Coast.

    ...Synopsis...

    A potent short-wave trough initially over the central High Plains
    Thursday morning is forecast to accelerate through the upper Great
    Lakes with a trailing perturbation moving through the central Plains
    into mid MS Valley Thursday night. Both disturbances will be located
    on the cyclonic aside of an unseasonably strong mid-level jet with
    500-mb wind speeds approaching 70-80 kt. The 00z models have slowed
    the progression of the mid-level wave, as well as the associated
    surface low, which is forecast to develop from northeast KS along
    the synoptic front or remnant outflow from overnight storms into
    southern WI by afternoon and northern lower MI or the UP by Thursday
    night.


    ...Lower Missouri Valley/Mid Mississippi Valley into the Upper Great
    Lakes...

    A very moist boundary layer will combine with steep mid-level lapse
    rates to yield a moderate to strongly unstable air mass by afternoon
    to the south of the composite surface boundary. A cluster of mainly
    elevated thunderstorms is expected to be ongoing Thursday morning
    across portions of the mid MO Valley, to the northeast of the
    surface low. Those storms are expected to become progressively more surface-based and intense by mid to late morning into afternoon
    while rapidly moving northeast, coincident with the surface low.
    Forecast sounding within the inflow environment of those storms
    indicate strong low-level and deep-layer shear, supportive of
    supercells and bowing segments capable of potentially strong
    tornadoes, in addition to large hail and damaging winds.

    Additional severe storms are expected to develop along the trailing
    front from the lower MO and mid MS Valleys southwest through the
    Ozarks into southern Plains. The progressive nature of the mid-level
    system suggests the potential for long-tracked supercells and bowing
    structures capable of tornadoes and swaths of destructive winds.


    ...Upper Ohio Valley and Lower Great Lakes to the Mid-Atlantic
    Coast...

    While large-scale forcing for ascent is expected to remain
    relatively weak, model guidance indicates scattered, afternoon storm development from the lee of the lower Great Lakes through the
    central Appalachians to the vicinity of a lee trough in the
    Mid-Atlantic. Vertical shear is expected to remain relatively weak;
    however, the presence of a moist and moderately unstable air mass
    will support wet microburst activity and an associated risk for
    sporadic damaging winds.

    ..Mead.. 06/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 9 19:20:45 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 091920
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 091919

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0219 PM CDT Tue Jun 09 2026

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS
    NORTHEAST MISSOURI...EASTERN IOWA...NORTHERN/CENTRAL
    ILLINOIS...SOUTHERN WISCONSIN...NORTHWEST INDIANA...AND SOUTHWEST
    LOWER MICHIGAN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered to numerous severe storms capable of potentially strong
    tornadoes, large hail, and destructive winds appear likely from
    portions of the lower Missouri and mid Mississippi Valleys into the
    upper Great Lakes. More sporadic occurrences of damaging wind and
    large hail are possible across the southern Plains, upper Ohio
    Valley and lower Great Lakes toward the Mid-Atlantic Coast.

    ...Synopsis...

    A compact but potent upper shortwave trough, characterized by a
    60-80 kt 500 mb jet streak, will move across the central Plains and
    Upper Midwest/Great Lakes vicinity on Thursday. A strong low-level
    jet will likely be oriented across parts of MO/KS/OK Thursday
    morning. Some weakening of this feature will occur as it spreads
    northeast through the morning, but re-invigoration of the low-level
    jet is forecast by mid/late afternoon.

    At the surface, low pressure initially over central KS will develop
    northeast toward Lake Michigan through 00z, and cross the
    international border by 12z Friday. A cold front/composite outflow
    from prior convection is expected to be oriented from northern
    WI/Upper MI southwestward into northwest OK by midday. The northern
    extent of the boundary will progress eastward across much of the
    Great Lakes and Mid-MS Valley through the period, while the western
    extent stalls over OK and the TX Panhandle.

    ...Upper Great Lakes to Lower MO/Mid-MS and Lower Ohio Valleys...

    An MCS may be ongoing in the vicinity of eastern NE/southwest IA
    Thursday morning. Ahead of this feature and the aforementioned cold
    front, a very moist airmass will remain in place across the Midwest
    (upper 60s/low 70s dewpoints). Strong destabilization will be
    possible (2500-4500 J/kg). Reintensification or redevelopment of
    morning convection is possible as this activity encounters the
    instability gradient from eastern IA into northern IL and Lower MI.
    Favorable vertical shear profiles will support supercells and bowing
    segments capable of significant wind gusts, large hail (with more
    discrete convection), and strong tornadoes through the afternoon,
    centered on eastern IA, northern IL, far southern WI and perhaps as
    far east as southern Lower MI/northern IN.

    With time, additional convection will develop along the cold front
    from central IL into southwest MO. Very large hail and damaging wind
    gusts will be the main hazard with this activity as it spread
    east/southeast across the Ozarks and toward the Lower Ohio Valley
    through evening.

    ...Southern Plains...

    Convective coverage is a bit more uncertain with southwest extent
    into OK/TX. Stronger large-scale ascent will be focused further
    northeast, but strong instability, rich boundary layer moisture and
    steep lapse rates near the sagging cold front and a dryline should
    foster at least isolated storm development where capping can be
    overcome. Supercells in this environment would pose a risk for
    severe wind gusts and large hail.

    ...Upper Ohio Valley to Mid-Atlantic...

    A weak disturbance is forecast to move through an upper ridge across
    the region, resulting in modest enhancement to northwesterly flow
    aloft. Strong heating and rich boundary layer moisture will support
    moderate destabilization during the afternoon/early evening.
    Scattered thunderstorms will pose a risk for strong to isolated
    severe wind gusts and sporadic wind damage.

    ..Leitman.. 06/09/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 10 07:26:24 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 100726
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100725

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    MID-ATLANTIC INTO CENTRAL APPALACHIANS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms capable of damaging winds and some large
    hail are possible across the Mid-Atlantic into Central Appalachians
    Friday afternoon and evening.

    ...Synopsis...

    A short-wave trough over the upper Great Lakes and OH Valley Friday
    morning will progress through southwest Ontario to along the St.
    Lawrence Valley, with a corridor of height falls and stronger
    mid-level winds overspreading the lower Great Lakes into
    Mid-Atlantic. At the surface, a cold front will move through the
    lower Great Lakes and central Appalachians before merging with lee
    troughing east of the northern and central Appalachians.


    ...Mid-Atlantic into Central Appalachians...

    A hot and moist air mass is expected to exist across the pre-frontal
    warm sector Friday afternoon with temperatures in the upper 80s to
    upper 90s and dewpoints in the 60s to low/mid 70s. While mid-level
    lapse rates are expected to remain modest, the high theta-e boundary
    layer will largely contribute to moderate instability. The glancing
    influence of the short-wave trough coupled with convergence along
    the cold front and lee trough, in addition to terrain influences are
    expected to foster scattered to numerous thunderstorms through the
    peak of the diurnal heating cycle.

    The strongest vertical shear of 30-40 kt is forecast from the lower
    OH Valley into the lower Great Lakes, where the potential will exist
    for some transient supercell and bowing structures capable of large
    hail and damaging winds. Vertical shear will be comparatively weaker
    along the lee trough; however, both low-level lapse rates and
    instability will be greater, supporting potential for damaging
    downburst winds and marginally severe hail. There is some model
    signal that storms will coalesce into multiple clusters by late
    afternoon into early evening with a potentially more concentrated
    area of damaging winds reaching the Mid-Atlantic Coast.

    ...Mid-South into the Central and South High Plains...

    Moderate to strong instability is forecast south of the surface
    front, which is expected to stall across the discussion area. In the
    absence of appreciable forcing for ascent, the models vary on the
    location and coverage of diurnally enhanced storms, which could pose
    some severe-weather threat. Severe-weather probabilities may
    eventually be added to some of the area once confidence in storm
    evolution becomes more clear.

    ..Mead.. 06/10/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 10 19:31:57 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 101931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 101930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FRIDAY AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING FROM THE ALLEGHENY MOUNTAINS VICINITY THROUGH MUCH OF
    THE NORTHERN MID ATLANTIC AND ADJACENT PORTIONS OF WESTERN NEW
    ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Evolving clusters of storms may spread from the Allegheny Mountains,
    and perhaps Poconos and Catskills, into northern Mid Atlantic coast
    Friday afternoon and evening, accompanied by potentially damaging
    wind gusts.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that subtropical ridging will be maintained across
    much of the southern tier of the U.S. through this period.
    Mid-level ridging may also build within the mid-latitudes, offshore
    of the Pacific coast, but a largely zonal regime appears likely to
    be maintained from the northern Rockies through the lower Great
    Lakes and northern Mid Atlantic.

    While a secondary surface frontal low, shifting northeast of the
    Great Lakes region by 12z Friday, turns north/northwestward and
    occludes across the Hudson Bay vicinity by Friday night, the
    associated mid-level cyclone may only slowly shift eastward to the south-southwest of Hudson Bay. An increasingly convectively
    augmented trailing surface cold front appears likely to advance
    southeast of the lower Great Lakes through much of the Mid Atlantic
    by 12Z Saturday.

    ...Allegheny Mountains into western New England/Mid Atlantic...
    Models suggest that westerly deep-layer mean wind fields are likely
    to remain rather modest through this period, and forcing for ascent
    associated with one or two short wave perturbations pivoting around
    the periphery of the mid-level low may be glancing with respect to
    the evolving surface warm sector. However, guidance generally
    suggests that a seasonably moist pre-frontal boundary-layer (surface
    dew points near 70F) across the Allegheny Plateau/Mountains into the Adirondacks and Champlain/Hudson Valley vicinity may become
    characterized by sizable CAPE on the order of 2000+ J/kg with
    insolation. Preceding at least weak mid-level height falls, this
    environment is expected to become supportive increasing vigorous
    thunderstorm through early/mid Friday afternoon.

    Strengthening surface cold pools, perhaps aided by
    lower/mid-tropospheric flow on the order of 20-30+ kt, may
    contribute to modestly organizing clusters with potential to produce
    damaging wind gusts while propagating east of the higher terrain,
    toward the northern Mid Atlantic coast, through early Friday
    evening.

    ..Kerr.. 06/10/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 11 07:26:03 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 110726
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110724

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 AM CDT Thu Jun 11 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS INTO LOWER MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered to scattered severe storms capable of all hazards
    appear possible Saturday afternoon and evening across portions of
    the central Plains into the lower Missouri Valley. More isolated
    severe weather appears possible across the upper Great Lakes, Ozark
    Plateau, and southern Plains.

    ...Synopsis...

    A short-wave trough initially from the upper MS Valley into northern
    Rockies is forecast to amplify while pivoting east/southeast through
    the upper Midwest and mid/lower MO Valleys. That system will be
    attended by a belt of 50-60+ kt winds in the mid-levels, which are
    expected to extend from the mid MO Valley into the Great Lakes
    Saturday afternoon into night. At the surface, a cold front
    initially from the upper Midwest to low pressure over KS Saturday
    morning, will progress through the upper Great Lakes, mid/lower MO
    Valleys, and central Plains during the forecast period.


    ...Upper Great Lakes into Central and Southern Plains...

    The potential for early-day storms across portions of the mid MO
    Valley into the Ozark Plateau increases uncertainty in the location
    of afternoon/evening storms, as well as the distribution of
    instability across the region. Latest ensemble guidance indicates
    the highest likelihood for moderate to strong instability across
    portions of the central and southern Plains with greater spread in
    instability farther north across the upper Midwest into upper Great
    Lakes.

    Current thinking is that diurnally enhanced thunderstorms appear
    most likely to the northeast of the KS surface low northeast along
    the adjacent segment of the front with lesser confidence in storm
    coverage with northeastward extent into the upper Great Lakes.
    Deep-layer shear is expected to be sufficiently strong for organized
    storm modes, including supercells from the central Plains into the
    upper Great Lakes with decreasing amounts of vertical shear into the
    southern Plains. Highest confidence in a more concentrated
    severe-weather episode remains centered across the central Plains
    into the lower MO Valley, where all hazards appear possible. Storms
    may eventually grow upscale into one or multiple complexes Saturday
    evening into night from the mid MS Valley through Ozark Plateau into
    the southern Plains.

    ..Mead.. 06/11/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 11 19:31:38 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 111931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 111930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Thu Jun 11 2026

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SATURDAY AFTERNOON
    INTO SATURDAY NIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF THE CENTRAL GREAT PLAINS THROUGH
    LOWER MISSISOURI VALLEY REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    One or two evolving thunderstorm clusters appear possible across
    parts of the central Great Plains and lower Missouri Valley vicinity
    Saturday afternoon through Saturday night, accompanied by potential
    for strong, damaging wind gusts.

    ...Discussion...
    Downstream of amplified mid-level ridging, offshore of the U.S.
    Pacific coast through British Columbia, it appears that flow will
    begin to veer to an increasing northwesterly component across the
    Rockies through Mississippi Valley during this period. Within this
    regime, mid-level troughing may sharpen southwest of a lingering
    mid-level low centered to the southwest of Hudson Bay, through the
    lower Missouri Valley, but this may be comprised of at least a
    couple of short wave perturbations, with the details of this
    evolution still uncertain.

    In lower levels, surges of cooler/drier air will continue to develop
    southward through the interior of the U.S., with the general leading
    edge reaching the lower Great Lakes through Ohio River, Ozarks
    Plateau and Texas South Plains by 12Z Sunday. This may be preceded
    by extensive convective development and expanding outflow, to the west-southwest of a weakening initial frontal zone to the lee of the
    southern Appalachians.

    ...Central Great Plains through lower Missouri Valley...
    Lingering uncertainties, including those due to model spread and the
    extended time frame, preclude introduction of higher severe
    probabilities, at least at this time. However, a consensus of model
    output suggests at least conditional potential for the evolution of
    an extensive organized convective system, perhaps including one or
    two large clusters developing and propagating southeastward across
    the central Great Plains/lower Missouri Valley vicinity by late
    Saturday afternoon and evening.

    In the wake of a weakening preceding front, it appears that
    low-level moisture return may contribute to a corridor of large
    potential instability, particularly across the central Great Plains
    into lower Missouri Valley/Ozark Plateau, to the north of remnant
    mid-level subtropical ridging. Beneath a plume of warm elevated
    mixed-layer air emanating from the southern high plains, low-level
    warm advection near the nose of stronger surface heating and deeper boundary-layer mixing may provide the focus for the initiation of
    strongest convective development. Guidance suggests that this could
    occur anywhere from north central Kansas through the lower Missouri
    Valley, before growing upscale and propagating south-southeastward
    through Saturday night.

    It is possible that this will occur in the presence of initially
    modest deep-layer mean wind fields and shear. Some strengthening of
    flow is possible across the region in association with the approach
    of a digging short wave, but much of the strengthening evident in
    the various model output is probably related to the
    convection/convective feedback. Given the magnitude of the
    potential instability, the evolution of strong descending rear
    inflow with the evolving convection appears possible, which may be
    accompanied by the risk for widespread severe wind gusts.

    ..Kerr.. 06/11/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 12 06:54:12 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 120654
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120653

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0153 AM CDT Fri Jun 12 2026

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE MID-ATLANTIC REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are expected across portions of the
    Mid-Atlantic on Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper shortwave trough will pivot across the Great Lakes to the
    Northeast on Sunday. As this occurs, a belt of enhanced
    southwesterly deep-layer flow will overspread much of the
    northeastern U.S. At the surface, a cold front will be oriented from
    Ohio to the Mid-South, then westward into north/central TX by
    mid/late afternoon. A seasonally moist airmass will be in place
    ahead of the front. Pockets of moderate to strong instability will
    develop across parts of the southern Plains vicinity as the cold
    front develops southward through the period. Additional areas of
    moderate to strong destabilization are possible across the
    Mid-Atlantic vicinity.

    ...Mid-Atlantic...

    Currently, the best overlap of enhanced west/southwesterly shear and
    MLCAPE near 2000 J/kg appears to be across the Mid-Atlantic from
    eastern VA into southeast PA/southern NJ within a moist axis and
    pre-frontal surface trough. Scattered thunderstorms may develop
    within this area during peak heating and pose a risk mainly for
    damaging gusts. Stronger southwesterly flow aloft is expected with
    northward extent into PA/NY and portions of New England. However,
    degree of destabilization is uncertain due to cloud cover and
    possible remnant convection over the Ohio Valley from the Day
    2/Saturday period moving across the Upper Ohio Valley early in the
    period ahead of the surface cold front. Depending on model trends
    and mesoscale details emanating from prior day convection, severe
    probability could be adjusted northward in subsequent outlooks.

    ...Southeast NM into the ArkLaTex...

    Convection will develop near the southward-advancing surface front
    during the afternoon within a very moist and moderately unstable
    airmass. Convection may tend to be anafrontal, and storms could
    quickly become undercut by the front. Nevertheless, isolated strong
    gusts and hail will be possible with stronger storms.

    ..Leitman.. 06/12/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 12 19:28:45 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 121928
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 121927

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 PM CDT Fri Jun 12 2026

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SUNDAY ACROSS MUCH
    OF THE NORTHERN MID ATLANTIC COAST STATES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible across the lower Great Lakes and
    upper Ohio Valley vicinity through much of the northern Mid Atlantic
    Sunday.

    ...Discussion...
    Downstream of initially amplified mid-level ridging offshore of the
    Pacific coast, models indicate that flow will continue to trend
    cyclonic east of the Rockies through the Atlantic Seaboard, to the
    south of a broadening vortex centered near southern Hudson Bay.
    Within this regime, it appears that notable short wave troughing
    will pivot east of the Upper Midwest through the southeastern
    Canadian provinces and Northeast by late Sunday night, accompanied
    by cyclogenesis across the lower Great Lakes through St. Lawrence
    Valley vicinity. It appears that this may be preceded by the
    remnants of an initially fairly notable mesoscale convective vortex,
    within strengthening westerly flow across the Allegheny/Cumberland
    Plateau through the northern Mid Atlantic by early Sunday evening.

    ...Northeast...
    There remains considerable spread within the latest model output
    concerning the extent of convective potential for this period.
    Mostly this appears related pre-frontal low-level moisture return
    and destabilization across the upper Ohio Valley into the lee of the
    lower Great Lakes, which could be slowed or impeded by the influence
    of preceding convective outflow. However, guidance generally
    suggests that destabilization prior to the arrival of the MCV and
    belt of enhanced lower/mid-tropospheric wind fields (30-40+ kt) will
    be sufficient to support potential for organized severe convection
    east of the Allegheny Mountains through the northern Mid Atlantic by
    late Sunday afternoon. More substantive strengthening of mid-level
    wind fields and forcing for ascent appear likely to overspread the
    pre-frontal environment across parts of the upper Ohio Valley into
    the lee of the lower Great Lakes region, where it appears increasing
    model output is now suggesting that the evolving warm sector may
    become sufficiently unstable to support a risk for organized severe
    storm development.

    Damaging wind gusts accompanying organizing lines and/or clusters
    appear the primary severe hazard, but there also appears at least
    some potential for a few tornadoes. It is still possible that
    severe weather probabilities will need to be increased further in
    later outlook updates for this period.

    ..Kerr.. 06/12/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 13 06:35:47 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 130635
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130634

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0134 AM CDT Sat Jun 13 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are possible from the Gulf Coast states to
    the Carolinas, and across the northern Plains/Upper Midwest. Severe thunderstorm potential appears limited at this time.

    ...Synopsis...

    Broad upper troughing will envelop much of the CONUS east of the
    Rockies on Monday. Modest deepening of the trough will result in a
    belt of increasing northwesterly flow aloft from the northern High
    Plains into the Mid-South. At the surface, a cold front will extend
    from the southern Mid-Atlantic coast west/southwest across the Gulf
    Coast states into central TX. This boundary will sag southward
    through the period. Rich boundary layer moisture will be in place
    ahead of the boundary, but this region will remain displaced to the
    south of strong mid/upper level flow. Scattered thunderstorms are
    possible, and some gusty winds could occur. However, organized
    severe potential appears limited.

    Further north across the northern Plains/Upper Midwest, scant
    boundary layer moisture is forecast. Weak destabilization is
    possible via cooling aloft/steepening lapse rates. This could be
    sufficient for isolated, higher-based thunderstorms. Gusty winds and
    maybe small hail could occur, but overall severe potential appears
    low.

    ..Leitman.. 06/13/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 13 19:32:52 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 131932
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 131931

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 PM CDT Sat Jun 13 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SOUTHERN ROCKIES
    INTO THE TEXAS PANHANDLE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms over the southern Rockies may result in some
    severe potential as they move southeast during the afternoon and
    evening. Elsewhere, scattered thunderstorms are possible from the
    Gulf Coast states to the Carolinas, and across the northern
    Plains/Upper Midwest.

    ... Synopsis ...

    Broad mid-level troughing will persist across the eastern half of
    the US on Monday, downstream of a broad mid-level ridge across the
    eastern Pacific. A short-wave trough will dive southeast into the
    north-central US, embedded within the larger-scale northwest flow.

    At the surface, a remnant front will be draped across the northern
    Gulf Coast states, stretching from the southern Rockies east to the
    Atlantic. Farther north, a second cold front associated with the
    aforementioned north-central short-wave trough will push southeast
    into the central Plains and Upper Midwest.


    ... Southern Rockies into the Texas panhandle ...

    Weak low-level upslope beneath northwesterly mid-level flow will
    support isolated to scattered thunderstorms developing across the
    higher terrain of the southern Rockies. CAPE around 1000-1500 J/kg
    and effective-layer shear around 30 knots will support some
    potential for thunderstorms organizing into a southeast-moving MCS
    capable of producing isolated damaging winds.


    ... Northern Gulf Coast States ...

    Rich boundary layer moisture will be present south of the
    sagging/stationary frontal boundary. Diurnal heating of this airmass
    should support thunderstorm development. This area will be well
    south of the better mid-level flow thus organized severe potential
    should remain fairly limited. That said, high precipitable water
    values and the number of storms across the region may support an
    isolated damaging wind gust. Overall coverage looks to remain less
    than 5%.


    ... Northern Plains ...

    Although low-level moisture will be quite scant across the area,
    strong mid-upper-level forcing associated with the vorticity maximum
    moving across the area along with steepening lapse rates may support
    isolated high-based thunderstorm development. Gusty winds would be
    possible with any intense updraft, although this should remain
    fairly isolated and at this time does not warrant unconditional
    severe probabilities.

    ..Marsh.. 06/13/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 13 19:42:55 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 131942
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 131941

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0241 PM CDT Sat Jun 13 2026

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SOUTHERN ROCKIES
    INTO THE TEXAS PANHANDLE...

    CORRECTED FOR CAPITALIZATION OF PANHANDLE

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms over the southern Rockies may result in some
    severe potential as they move southeast during the afternoon and
    evening. Elsewhere, scattered thunderstorms are possible from the
    Gulf Coast states to the Carolinas, and across the northern
    Plains/Upper Midwest.

    ... Synopsis ...

    Broad mid-level troughing will persist across the eastern half of
    the US on Monday, downstream of a broad mid-level ridge across the
    eastern Pacific. A short-wave trough will dive southeast into the
    north-central US, embedded within the larger-scale northwest flow.

    At the surface, a remnant front will be draped across the northern
    Gulf Coast states, stretching from the southern Rockies east to the
    Atlantic. Farther north, a second cold front associated with the
    aforementioned north-central short-wave trough will push southeast
    into the central Plains and Upper Midwest.


    ... Southern Rockies into the Texas Panhandle ...

    Weak low-level upslope beneath northwesterly mid-level flow will
    support isolated to scattered thunderstorms developing across the
    higher terrain of the southern Rockies. CAPE around 1000-1500 J/kg
    and effective-layer shear around 30 knots will support some
    potential for thunderstorms organizing into a southeast-moving MCS
    capable of producing isolated damaging winds.


    ... Northern Gulf Coast States ...

    Rich boundary layer moisture will be present south of the
    sagging/stationary frontal boundary. Diurnal heating of this airmass
    should support thunderstorm development. This area will be well
    south of the better mid-level flow thus organized severe potential
    should remain fairly limited. That said, high precipitable water
    values and the number of storms across the region may support an
    isolated damaging wind gust. Overall coverage looks to remain less
    than 5%.


    ... Northern/Central Plains ...

    Although low-level moisture will be quite scant across the area,
    strong mid-upper-level forcing associated with the vorticity maximum
    moving across the area along with steepening lapse rates may support
    isolated high-based thunderstorm development. Gusty winds would be
    possible with any intense updraft, although this should remain
    fairly isolated and at this time does not warrant unconditional
    severe probabilities.

    ..Marsh.. 06/13/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 14 06:12:46 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 140612
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140611

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0111 AM CDT Sun Jun 14 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible Tuesday
    afternoon and evening across parts of the Midwest.

    ...Midwest...

    An upper shortwave trough over the MO Valley will develop eastward
    across the Upper Great Lakes/Midwest on Tuesday. A stalled surface
    front across the Gulf Coast region will suppress boundary-layer
    moisture across the Midwest. Surface dewpoints are forecast to
    generally be in the mid 50s to low 60s amid steepening midlevel
    lapse rates. This will support MLCAPE up to 1500 J/kg across
    portions of the Mid-MS Valley to Lake Michigan vicinity. A weak
    surface low is forecast to move across WI/Lower MI and a trailing
    front will move across IL/IN and vicinity. Isolated to scattered
    thunderstorms are expected during the afternoon. Sufficient shear
    will exist for organized storms, with 30-40 kt midlevel flow
    depicted in forecast soundings. Gusty winds and hail will be the
    main hazards with this activity during the afternoon and evening.
    Severe potential will diminish with eastward extent due to
    decreasing boundary layer moisture and weakening instability toward
    the Ohio Valley.

    ..Leitman.. 06/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 14 19:28:20 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 141928
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 141927

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 PM CDT Sun Jun 14 2026

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE MIDWEST INTO LOWER MICHIGAN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible Tuesday
    afternoon and evening across parts of the Midwest into Lower
    Michigan.

    ... Synopsis ...

    Broad mid-level troughing across the eastern US will persist on
    Tuesday. A short-wave trough will move across the Great Lakes as it
    moves through the basal region of the eastern US long-wave trough.
    Late in the forecast period, a second short-wave trough will dig
    southeast into the northern Plains.

    At the surface, one front will be draped across the northern Gulf
    Coast states, suppressing the richest boundary layer moisture to the
    south. A second front will quickly move from the Upper Midwest
    across the Ohio Valley into the Lower Great Lakes by Wednesday
    morning as a surface low slowly pivots across the Lake Superior.

    Overnight Tuesday, cyclogenesis will occur across the northern
    Plains in response to the approaching short-wave trough. A deepening
    surface low will induce more substantial northward moisture
    advection from the southern into central Plains.


    ... Midwest into Lower Michigan ...

    Low-level moisture return will be tempered on Tuesday, owing to the
    stalled front across the northern Gulf Coast states and only modest
    low-level mass response to the approaching mid-level short-wave
    trough. That said, modest southwesterly moisture advection ahead of
    the cold front should support a narrow corridor of surface dewpoints
    rising into the upper-50Fs to low-60Fs. At the same time, mid-level
    lapse rates should steepen with the approaching trough, resulting in
    MUCAPE between 500-1500 J/kg, conditioned on the quality of the
    moisture return. Storms, perhaps multiple rounds, should develop
    along or ahead of the advancing front. Gusty winds and hail should
    be the main hazards, with storms generally weakening with eastward
    extent due to the loss of diurnal heating and weaker moisture
    return.

    ..Marsh.. 06/14/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 15 07:28:27 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 150728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Mon Jun 15 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE MID-MISSISSIPPI VALLEY INTO INDIANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An all-hazards severe thunderstorm episode is expected across
    portions of the Middle Mississippi Valley into Indiana on Wednesday.
    Intense thunderstorms may produce swaths of damaging wind, as well
    as strong tornadoes and large hail.

    ...Midwest...

    A midlevel shortwave trough is forecast to move from the northern
    Plains through the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes region on
    Wednesday. As this occurs, very strong deep-layer flow, especially
    for this time of year, will move across portions of the Mid-MS
    Valley into the Ohio Valley. A westerly 500 mb jet streak
    characterized by at least 70-80 kt will overspread parts of
    IA/MO/IL/IN in the afternoon and evening. Meanwhile, a 50+ kt
    southwesterly 850 mb low-level jet will spread across the same area
    during the afternoon/evening, just ahead of an
    east/southeast-advancing surface cold front. These strong wind
    fields, in conjunction with a surface low moving eastward across MN
    and the Upper Great Lakes, will aid in northward transport of rich
    boundary layer moisture (upper 60s to near 70 F surface dewpoints).
    Cooling aloft will steepen midlevel lapse rates, and moderate to
    strong destabilization is expected across the warm sector. Overall,
    this pattern should support numerous severe storms. While convective
    evolution remains uncertain, it is likely that at least some initial
    supercell risk will unfold during the afternoon and early evening
    (particularly across MO/IL), with potential for one or more bowing
    MCSs developing with time. This environment will support a risk for
    all severe hazards, and particularly swaths of damaging winds, and
    strong tornadoes.

    Some uncertainty remains regarding the northward extent of the
    severe risk. Most medium range guidance indicates a lead shortwave
    impulse may move across IA/IL early in the day. Coupled with strong
    warm advection across the region, morning thunderstorm develop
    near/north of a warm front oriented from southeast MN into northeast
    IL at midday could suppress northward development of the warm front.
    Likewise, the southwest extent of the risk area into portions of
    KS/OK may be limited by capping concerns, and weaker forcing for
    ascent. Meanwhile, the southward extent of the severe risk across
    the Ohio Valley will be modulated by the stronger westerly component
    of mid/upper flow overnight and slow southward movement of the
    surface cold front. The risk area may shift some in coming days as
    surface boundaries and other mesoscale details become better
    resolved.

    ..Leitman.. 06/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 15 19:32:59 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 151932
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 151931

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 PM CDT Mon Jun 15 2026

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE MID-MISSISSIPPI VALLEY INTO INDIANA AND WESTERN OHIO....

    ...SUMMARY...
    An all-hazards severe thunderstorm event is expected across portions
    of the Middle Mississippi Valley into Indiana on Wednesday. Intense thunderstorms may produce swaths of damaging wind, as well as strong
    tornadoes and very large hail.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong mid-level jet will extend from the Northwest to the Ohio
    Valley. An embedded 75 to 85 knot mid-level shortwave trough will
    extend from Nebraska into Iowa by Wednesday afternoon. A strong
    surface cyclone will move from eastern South Dakota to southern
    Ontario during the period.

    ...Midwest...
    Elevated supercells will likely be ongoing at the beginning of the
    period across central/eastern Iowa at the nose of the low-level jet.
    This cluster will continue to move east-southeast along/north of the
    warm front through the day. This activity will likely have some hail
    threat through the day with at least some tornado threat on the
    southern periphery if any storms can latch onto the warm front.
    Strong lower tropospheric flow should result in rapid
    recovery/destabilization in the wake of these morning storms across central/northern Illinois. A very favorable kinematic environment
    will be in place with 70 knots of mid-level flow and 100+ knots of
    upper-level flow with a 60+ knot low-level jet. Therefore, any
    storms which develop within this zone could have a threat for very
    large hail, and strong tornadoes. Due to this morning convection,
    there is considerable uncertainty exactly where this most favorable
    environment may set up and how broad of a region it will be.
    Notably, strong isentropic ascent is forecast along the frontal zone
    through the entire period which could result in continued
    development along the warm frontal zone (more widespread than
    currently depicted by guidance) and a limited window for recovery in
    the wake of the morning storms.

    Despite these uncertainties, have upgraded severe probabilities to
    45% in the region where multiple rounds of severe weather appear
    most likely. Conceptually, the 12Z RRFS solution matches a
    reasonable solution with a morning cluster of supercells including a
    severe supercell on the southern extent. Additional supercells
    developing along the trailing outflow/warm front during the
    afternoon, followed by supercells developing along the cold front by
    late afternoon. Even if storm development north of the warm front is
    quite extensive during the day, forecast soundings show a Bunkers
    storm motion parallel to the expected front/outflow orientation.
    This points toward a favorable environment for one or more
    supercells to move along the boundary in a favorable tornadic
    environment.

    Widespread storm development is expected along the cold front by
    late afternoon from southeast Iowa to far eastern Kansas. Very
    strong instability and moderate to strong shear will support
    supercells capable of large to very large hail. In addition, strong
    low-level shear will support the potential for strong tornadoes.
    There is some question regarding storm mode along the front. Strong
    forcing would favor more storm interaction and upscale growth, but
    fast storm motions (40-50 knots) and a Bunkers RM motion nearly
    perpendicular to the front may support maintenance of supercell mode
    at least within some areas along the front. This would support a
    greater tornado threat during the evening from north-central
    Missouri to central Illinois. If storms do grow more upscale early
    in the lifecycle, the tornado/hail threat would be reduced, but the
    threat for significant wind gusts would increase substantially.

    ...Gulf Coast...
    A Marginal Risk has been added along the Gulf as a tropical airmass
    moves inland with a strengthening wind field associated with the
    tropical disturbance identified by the NHC.

    ..Bentley.. 06/15/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 16 07:27:34 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 160727
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160726

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 AM CDT Tue Jun 16 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM KENTUCKY AND
    NORTHERN TENNESSEE INTO THE MID-ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms will be possible from
    Kentucky to the Mid-Atlantic. Damaging wind gusts will be the main
    hazard with this activity.

    ...Synopsis...

    A series of embedded midlevel shortwave troughs will migrate through
    broad upper troughing and strong southwesterly deep-layer flow from
    the Great Lakes to the Northeast. At the surface, low pressure over
    southern Ontario will develop northeast along the St. Lawrence
    Valley and a trailing cold front will extend southwest from the
    Lower Great Lakes to northern OK and the TX Panhandle during the
    morning. This front will sag south/southeast through the period,
    becoming oriented from the Mid-Atlantic coast to central TX by
    Friday morning. A very moist airmass will reside south of the front, particularly from the southern Plains to the Mid-Atlantic. Moderate
    to strong destabilization will develop across parts of the Plains
    into the Ohio Valley, with more modest instability with northeast
    extent into the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast.

    ...Ohio Valley to Mid-Atlantic and Northeast...

    Very strong west/southwesterly mid/upper flow is expected to reside
    across the Northeast on Thursday, decreasing with southwest extent
    into the Ohio Valley. Convection may be ongoing near the surface
    front and within the broad warm advection regime ahead of the
    boundary Thursday morning, especially across the Northeast. This
    will likely temper destabilization across portions of PA/NY and
    points northeastward. Nevertheless, intense deep-layer flow will
    still support strong to severe wind gusts with convection through
    early evening. Richer boundary layer moisture will be in place from
    TN/KY into the Mid-Atlantic, fostering strong destabilization.
    Clusters and line segments will pose a risk for mainly damaging
    gusts.

    ...OK/TX to the Mid-South...

    A belt of strong instability is forecast ahead of the southward
    sagging cold front Thursday afternoon. This area will be further
    removed from stronger mid/upper southwesterly flow. But, ample
    instability, modest effective shear, and high PWs supporting water
    laden downdrafts will result in a marginal severe risk for damaging
    winds within thunderstorm clusters/bands.

    ...Southeast...

    The remnants of a tropical disturbance is expected to migrate across
    portions of the Gulf Coast states on Thursday. A very moist and
    moderately unstable airmass will be in place. The remnant low may
    serve to locally enhance vertical shear, resulting in an
    accompanying risk for strong wind gusts and perhaps a tornado or
    two.

    ..Leitman.. 06/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 16 19:34:10 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 161934
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 161932

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0232 PM CDT Tue Jun 16 2026

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM KENTUCKY AND
    NORTHERN TENNESSEE INTO THE MID-ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms will be possible from
    Kentucky to the Mid-Atlantic. Damaging wind gusts will be the main
    hazard with this activity.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper trough will move across southern Quebec on Thursday. A
    trailing cold front from the Northeast into the southern Plains will
    serve as a focus for convection. A remnant tropical system will also
    promote scattered thunderstorms in the Southeast.

    ...Ohio Valley into the Northeast/Mid-Atlantic...
    As the upper trough slowly moves through southern Quebec, a belt of
    strong mid-level winds will be present across these regions.
    Mid-level flow will rapidly diminish from south of the mid/lower
    Ohio Valley latitude, however. Precipitation is expected to be
    ongoing along at least parts of the cold front early in the day.
    This will act to limit surface heating/destabilization into the
    afternoon. Even with that limitation, the very moist airmass ahead
    of the front will promote moderate (Mid-Atlantic/parts of Northeast)
    to strong (mid/lower Ohio Valley) buoyancy. Given the strong
    low/mid-level winds, potential exists for scattered damaging winds.

    ...Southern Plains into Mid-South...
    Strong instability is forecast south of a sagging cold front. Though
    these regions will be removed from the stronger mid-level winds,
    sufficient effective shear will be in place to promote potential for
    damaging downburst winds with the stronger storms/clusters that
    develop during the afternoon.

    ...Southeast...
    The remnants of Potential Tropical Cyclone 1 will continue to move
    through the northern Gulf into the Southeast on Thursday. With 70+
    dewpoints likely to be ahead of this feature, even muted surface
    heating will promote moderate instability will develop. With locally
    enhanced shear near the remnant low, isolated strong wind gusts and
    perhaps a tornado or two will be possible. Should greater
    destabilization occur, higher probabilities could be warranted.

    ..Wendt.. 06/16/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 17 06:40:38 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 170640
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170639

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0139 AM CDT Wed Jun 17 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong thunderstorms may produce damaging wind gusts across
    portions of the Gulf Coast states/Southeast on Friday.

    ...Southeast...

    A series of mid/upper shortwave impulses will migrate across the
    Gulf Coast states/Southeast on Friday. Forecast guidance depicts
    fairly strong 850 mb flow across the region early in the day, and
    lifting shifting offshore from the Carolinas by late afternoon.
    While 850-700 mb flow will be enhanced, vertical shear will be
    modest. Nevertheless, convection will develop within a very moist
    airmass amid moderate to strong instability ahead of a southward
    sagging front. Isolated strong/damaging gusts will be possible with
    this activity.

    ..Leitman.. 06/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 17 19:31:41 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 171931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 171930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Wed Jun 17 2026

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    ARKLATEX INTO THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong thunderstorms may produce damaging wind gusts across
    the ArkLaTex into portions of the Gulf Coast states/Southeast on
    Friday.

    ...ArkLaTex into the Southeast...
    The stalled cold front will provide a focus for renewed convective
    development during the afternoon. A potential MCV in North Texas may
    drift eastward and promote afternoon convection. Otherwise, strong
    heating of a low/mid 70s F dewpoint airmass south of the boundary
    will promote moderate to strong buoyancy (2500-3500 J/kg MLCAPE).
    Deep-layer flow will be weak, but strong water-loaded downdrafts
    will be capable of damaging wind gusts.

    ...Upper Mississippi Valley...
    A compact, strong shortwave trough will move through the northern
    Plains into the Upper Mississippi Valley during the afternoon. Given
    the short wavelength between the upper trough in the Northeast and
    this compact system, moisture return will be somewhat limited
    (dewpoints in the mid to perhaps upper 50s F). Temperatures aloft,
    however, will be quite cold (-18 to -20 C at 500 mb). Widely
    scattered convection appears probable ahead of the shortwave trough
    along and near a weak surface trough. Storms appear they will be
    relatively low topped. Given the limited moisture/buoyancy, small
    hail is possible, but potential for large hail is too low for
    probabilities.

    ..Wendt.. 06/17/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 18 06:20:18 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 180620
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180619

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0119 AM CDT Thu Jun 18 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible across portions of the central
    Plains vicinity from Saturday afternoon into Saturday evening.

    ...Central Plains...

    An upper ridge will initially be centered over the High Plains on
    Saturday. An upper shortwave trough over the eastern Great Basin
    will develop eastward, emerging over the central Rockies and
    adjacent High Plains by 00z, and breaking down upper ridging. As
    this occurs, mid/upper level flow will increase and a lee low will
    deepen in the vicinity of eastern CO. A surface trough/dryline will
    extend southward near the CO/KS border and along the NM/TX border.
    Increasing south/southeasterly low-level flow will transport rich
    boundary layer moisture (mid/upper 60s F dewpoints) northward across
    KS, with low to mid 60s F dewpoints possible across much of NE.
    Steep midlevel lapse rates atop the moistening boundary layer will
    result in a moderate destabilization (MLCAPE 1500-2500 J/kg) across
    the central High Plains and portions of central/eastern NE/KS.

    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop within
    upslope flow along the surface trough from far southeast WY into
    eastern CO. As storms develop east/southeast with time, an
    increasing southerly low-level jet may foster upscale development
    into one or more bowing segments. Overall, supercell wind profiles
    suggest large hail and perhaps tornadoes will be possible. If storms
    grow upscale, damaging wind potential will increase during the
    evening.

    ..Leitman.. 06/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 18 19:35:52 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 181935
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 181934

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0234 PM CDT Thu Jun 18 2026

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible across portions of the central
    Plains vicinity from Saturday afternoon into Saturday evening. Large
    to very-large hail, severe winds (some 75+ mph), and tornadoes are
    possible.

    ...Central Plains...
    Modest shortwave ridging within the Plains will break down as a
    subtle shortwave approaches the central Rockies during the
    afternoon. Given the moderately strong mid-level flow across the
    Divide, a deepening surface low along the Colorado/Kansas border
    will aid moisture return into the central Plains south of a stalled
    surface boundary that will retreat northward as a warm front. With
    mid/upper 50s F dewpoints reaching eastern Colorado/Wyoming,
    convection is expected to develop with the terrain of southeast
    Wyoming and perhaps along the surface trough as well. Steep
    mid-level lapse rates and effective shear near 50 kt will support
    initial supercell structures. These storms will be capable of
    large/very-large hail and severe winds, particularly as they
    interact with richer moisture to the east. Moist southeasterly
    (backing to near easterly along the surface boundary) will also
    support a threat for tornadoes. The tornado threat is somewhat
    uncertain given the somewhat weak low-level flow. However, should
    storms remain discrete into the evening, strong low-level
    winds/larger hodographs would support a greater tornado threat and
    potentially a stronger tornado. With time, models are in general
    agreement that some upscale growth will occur. This appears most
    likely to occur near the surface boundary. As this occurs, a more
    organized wind threat would develop and wind gusts of 75+ mph would
    become more probable. As confidence in the corridor of a potential
    MCS track increases, higher probabilities will likely be needed.

    ..Wendt.. 06/18/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 19 07:17:56 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 190717
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190716

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0216 AM CDT Fri Jun 19 2026

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE CENTRAL
    HIGH PLAINS TO PARTS OF THE MID-MISSISSIPPI VALLEY....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are possible along a frontal zone from the
    Mid-Mississippi Valley to the central High Plains on Sunday. Large
    hail, severe winds, and tornadoes will be possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mostly zonal pattern will exist across the CONUS on Sunday with
    multiple embedded shortwave troughs. The primary surface low is
    forecast to remain near the Texas Panhandle during the day Sunday,
    with a stationary front extending northeastward through southern
    Kansas, central Missouri, and into Illinois. An additional, perhaps convectively enhanced, surface low may be present across northern
    Missouri and Illinois during the afternoon/evening.

    ...Central Plains to the Mid-Mississippi Valley...
    A MCS will likely be ongoing at the beginning of the period across
    portions of Kansas/western Missouri near the nose of the low-level
    jet. As this moves east through the day, areas southwest of this
    cluster, and perhaps immediately in its wake, are expected to
    destabilize substantially. This will represent a zone where storms
    are expected to develop along the front amid moderate instability
    and shear, most likely from northeast Oklahoma to near St. Louis.
    These storms would pose a threat for large hail and damaging wind
    gusts.

    A lower probability, but higher potential impact scenario could
    develop across parts of eastern Missouri into central/southern
    Illinois Sunday afternoon if a better defined, surface low develops
    along the front and deepens through the day. This is most notably
    shown by the NAM, but is also shown to a lesser extent by the ECMWF.
    This could result in a localized corridor of greater tornado threat
    on Sunday due to increased low-level shear. However, this scenario
    will be conditional on both the development of this surface low and
    the location of the morning MCS. Therefore, greater probabilities
    have not been added, but this potential scenario will continue to be
    monitored.

    ...Central High Plains...
    Scattered storms are likely to develop in the post-frontal airmass
    across western Kansas, eastern Colorado, and southwest Nebraska on
    Sunday afternoon/evening, triggered by a shortwave trough
    overspreading the region. Strengthening mid-level flow (near 50
    knots based on much of the 00Z guidance) atop moderate instability
    will support supercells with a threat for large hail and severe wind
    gusts.

    ..Bentley.. 06/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 19 19:34:59 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 191934
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 191933

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0233 PM CDT Fri Jun 19 2026

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE CENTRAL
    HIGH PLAINS INTO THE MID-MISSISSIPPI/LOWER OHIO VALLEYS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are possible along a frontal zone from the
    Mid-Mississippi Valley to the central High Plains on Sunday. Large
    hail, severe winds, and tornadoes will be possible.

    ...Mid-Mississippi Valley...
    Models indicated that convection will likely be ongoing during the
    morning in portions of Missouri and will move into central/southern
    Illinois. The degree of airmass recover behind this activity is not
    certain. There will certainly be a corridor of greater severe
    potential along the trailing outflow from central Missouri into
    southern Illinois, but confidence in such a scenario remains low at
    this point. Furthermore, upper-level flow is not going to be overly
    strong and any supercells that can develop may struggle to maintain
    intensity. Even so, the potential for large hail, severe winds, and
    tornadoes is evident.

    ...Central High Plains...
    Lingering moisture behind the weak surface front and upslope flow
    during the afternoon will promote thunderstorm development within
    eastern Colorado. A belt of stronger westerly flow will bring
    effective shear of around 45 kt. Steep mid-level lapse rates and
    long hodographs suggest potential for large to very-large (up to 2
    in.) hail will be possible along with isolated severe gusts.
    Activity may not move very far east given increasing MLCIN farther
    into western Kansas.

    ...Kansas/Oklahoma/Ozarks...
    Heating of a moist airmass south of the surface boundary will
    promote strong buoyancy (perhaps 3000-4000 J/kg MLCAPE). As the
    shortwave trough continues east, the cold front will begin to move
    southward by the evening. The low-level jet will strengthen and
    provide additional lift along the boundary. A line of thunderstorms
    is expected to move southward. Damaging winds are the main hazard
    with this activity.

    ...Middle Ohio Valley Vicinity...
    Convection that will move through Missouri/Illinois in the morning
    may continue eastward. Given the modest surface low expected to
    develop, some airmass destabilization is possible into Indiana/Ohio.
    Strong low-level wind fields would support a risk for damaging winds
    and perhaps a tornado or two.

    ..Wendt.. 06/19/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 20 07:30:01 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 200729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Sat Jun 20 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE CENTRAL
    HIGH PLAINS AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO THE MID-SOUTH AND INTO THE
    CAROLINAS AND MID-ATLANTIC....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated Strong to severe storms are expected along a frontal zone
    that extends from the mid-Atlantic to the Mid-South and southern
    Plains and into the central High Plains on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A flat ridge is forecast across the western CONUS with broad
    cyclonic flow from the southern Plains to the Mid-Atlantic. Within
    this zone, several embedded mid-level shortwave troughs are
    expected, the strongest of which will move from the Ohio Valley to
    the Mid-Atlantic during the day Monday. A weak surface low will
    likely be associated with this lead shortwave trough with an
    additional lee trough, likely across the southern High Plains. A
    frontal zone will extend between these 2 features and act as the
    primary focus for storm development through the period on Monday.

    ...Central/southern Plains...
    A MCS should be ongoing at the beginning of the period across parts
    of Oklahoma on the nose of the low-level jet. An outflow boundary
    will likely extend westward from this MCS into parts of Northwest
    Texas and into the Texas Panhandle.

    Very strong to extreme instability is forecast across the southern
    Plains on Monday with dewpoints in the mid to upper 70s and steep
    lapse rates. Model guidance is consistent showing a weak mid-level
    shortwave trough emerging across the southern Plains by 00Z Tuesday
    with 30 to 35 knots of mid-level flow. The combination of this
    shortwave trough and the potential for an outflow boundary
    intersecting the dryline may result in a more focused area of severe
    potential Monday afternoon/evening. However, due to the mesoscale
    nature of this potential, confidence is not high enough to add a
    Slight Risk at this time.

    ...Mid South...
    Moderate to strong instability is forecast to develop ahead of the
    MCS across Oklahoma and Arkansas Monday morning. Given the very
    moist airmass, inhibition should be eroded by mid-day. Therefore, reintensification of the morning MCS or additional development to
    the east along the front (likely a combination of both) is expected
    from near the Red River to northern Mississippi. This strong
    instability, combined with modest shear, will support some damaging
    wind threat with a southeastward moving cluster of storms Monday afternoon/evening.

    ...Carolinas to the Mid-Atlantic...
    A moist airmass will move into the Carolinas and Mid-Atlantic on
    Monday ahead of an eastward moving cold front. Mid-level lapse rates
    will be weak which will limit overall instability, but moderate
    shear and sufficient instability, combined with steep low-level
    lapse rates will support some damaging wind threat Monday
    afternoon/evening. In addition, a smaller area of greater low-level
    shear may exist closer to the surface low across northern Virginia
    and vicinity, which could have a localized region of greater tornado
    threat.

    ..Bentley.. 06/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 20 07:39:31 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 200739
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200738

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0238 AM CDT Sat Jun 20 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE CENTRAL
    HIGH PLAINS AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO THE MID-SOUTH AND INTO THE
    CAROLINAS AND MID-ATLANTIC....

    CORRECTED FOR CAPITALIZATION IN THE SUMMARY

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe storms are expected along a frontal zone
    that extends from the mid-Atlantic to the Mid-South and southern
    Plains and into the central High Plains on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A flat ridge is forecast across the western CONUS with broad
    cyclonic flow from the southern Plains to the Mid-Atlantic. Within
    this zone, several embedded mid-level shortwave troughs are
    expected, the strongest of which will move from the Ohio Valley to
    the Mid-Atlantic during the day Monday. A weak surface low will
    likely be associated with this lead shortwave trough with an
    additional lee trough, likely across the southern High Plains. A
    frontal zone will extend between these 2 features and act as the
    primary focus for storm development through the period on Monday.

    ...Central/southern Plains...
    A MCS should be ongoing at the beginning of the period across parts
    of Oklahoma on the nose of the low-level jet. An outflow boundary
    will likely extend westward from this MCS into parts of Northwest
    Texas and into the Texas Panhandle.

    Very strong to extreme instability is forecast across the southern
    Plains on Monday with dewpoints in the mid to upper 70s and steep
    lapse rates. Model guidance is consistent showing a weak mid-level
    shortwave trough emerging across the southern Plains by 00Z Tuesday
    with 30 to 35 knots of mid-level flow. The combination of this
    shortwave trough and the potential for an outflow boundary
    intersecting the dryline may result in a more focused area of severe
    potential Monday afternoon/evening. However, due to the mesoscale
    nature of this potential, confidence is not high enough to add a
    Slight Risk at this time.

    ...Mid South...
    Moderate to strong instability is forecast to develop ahead of the
    MCS across Oklahoma and Arkansas Monday morning. Given the very
    moist airmass, inhibition should be eroded by mid-day. Therefore, reintensification of the morning MCS or additional development to
    the east along the front (likely a combination of both) is expected
    from near the Red River to northern Mississippi. This strong
    instability, combined with modest shear, will support some damaging
    wind threat with a southeastward moving cluster of storms Monday afternoon/evening.

    ...Carolinas to the Mid-Atlantic...
    A moist airmass will move into the Carolinas and Mid-Atlantic on
    Monday ahead of an eastward moving cold front. Mid-level lapse rates
    will be weak which will limit overall instability, but moderate
    shear and sufficient instability, combined with steep low-level
    lapse rates will support some damaging wind threat Monday
    afternoon/evening. In addition, a smaller area of greater low-level
    shear may exist closer to the surface low across northern Virginia
    and vicinity, which could have a localized region of greater tornado
    threat.

    ..Bentley.. 06/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 20 19:31:35 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 201931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 201930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Sat Jun 20 2026

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS A PART OF
    THE MID-ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered severe storms appear possible across portions of
    the Mid-Atlantic Monday afternoon and evening. More isolated severe
    weather is expected along a frontal zone that will extend from the
    southern Appalachians to the Mid-South and southern Plains, as well
    as across the central and northern High Plains Monday afternoon and
    evening.

    ...Synopsis...

    A series of mid-level disturbances initially from the Great Lakes
    and OH Valley into the mid-South Monday morning are expected to
    translate east toward the Atlantic Coast during the forecast period.
    A belt of stronger mid-level flow will coincide with a more
    prominent short-wave trough translating through the Mid-Atlantic
    during the day. Elsewhere, mid-level flow is forecast to strengthen
    across the northern and central High Plains, downstream from a
    short-wave trough moving through the northern High Plains.

    At the surface, an area of low pressure over the upper OH Valley at
    12Z Monday is forecast to develop toward the Mid-Atlantic Coast by
    evening with a trailing cold front advancing through the central
    Appalachians and TN Valley into the Southeast and central Gulf Coast
    States. The western extension of the boundary will extend through
    the southern Plains into eastern NM with a strengthening upslope
    flow regime developing within the post-frontal environment across
    the central and northern High Plains.


    ...Mid-Atlantic...

    Areas of showers and thunderstorms are expected to be ongoing Monday
    morning across the lower Great Lakes/upper OH Valley region. Ahead
    of that convection, a southwesterly low-level jet is forecast to
    migrate through the Mid-Atlantic, enhancing the poleward transport
    of an increasingly moist and unstable boundary layer. Increasing
    height falls/forcing for ascent coupled with convergence near and
    ahead of the surface low, cold front, and any existing outflow
    boundaries are expected to foster an increase in storm coverage and
    intensity by afternoon. Strengthening mid-level flow aloft will
    combine with backed, near-ground winds ahead of the surface low to
    enhance vertical shear across the DelMarVa region, supporting the
    potential for supercell storm modes capable of all severe-weather
    hazards.


    ...Northern and central High Plains into the southern Plains...

    There is some model signal for a weak mid-level disturbance to
    overspread the northern and central High Plains Monday, ahead of a
    stronger short-wave trough, which will remain well upstream through
    the peak of the diurnal heating cycle. Forcing for ascent remains
    much more nebulous across the southern Plains. Thunderstorms appear
    possible during the afternoon within the upslope flow regime across
    the northern and central High Plains, as well as along the stalled
    synoptic front in TX and OK. Storm coverage remains uncertain, which
    precludes higher probabilities at this time. However, given the
    presence of moderate to strong instability and more-than-sufficient
    vertical shear for supercells, a conditional intensity group one
    contour has been added to the forecast.


    ...Southern Appalachians into the mid-South and lower Mississippi
    Valley...

    Multiple, larger-scale storm clusters may be ongoing Monday morning
    across the Ozark Plateau into the Mid-South. Daytime heating coupled
    with the presence of a very moist low-level air mass is expected to
    yield moderate to strong instability by afternoon ahead of the
    early-day storms. As such, any storms that linger through the
    morning may intensify by afternoon, with additional storms
    developing along the synoptic front and any remnant outflow
    boundaries. Generally weak vertical shear is expected to limit
    organized, severe-storm potential; however, the magnitude of
    instability and presence of steep low-level lapse rates will be
    supportive of damaging downburst winds.

    ..Mead.. 06/20/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 21 07:24:14 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 210724
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210723

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 AM CDT Sun Jun 21 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms are expected across the central High Plains
    on Tuesday with isolated severe storms possible into the Upper
    Midwest. Large hail and damaging wind gusts will be the primary
    threats.

    ...Synopsis...
    A low-amplitude ridge across the western CONUS will build slowly
    northward as a trough moves south from Alberta into the northern
    Plains. As this pattern continues to evolve, mid-level flow will
    strengthen across the Rockies and into the Plains. This will result
    in strengthening lee cyclogenesis across the southern High Plains.
    Farther east, a cold front will move off of the East Coast during
    the day Tuesday.

    ...Central High Plains into the central Plains...
    Strengthening upslope flow to the north of the developing lee
    cyclone should result in storm development by mid-afternoon across
    eastern Colorado on Tuesday. As mid-level flow strengthens to near
    50 knots, this strong shear combined with moderate to strong
    instability will support supercells capable of large to very large
    hail and some severe winds. Expect these supercells to eventually
    congeal into one or more clusters as they move east during the
    evening, with an increasing severe wind threat.

    ...Upper Midwest...
    A weak surface low associated with the mid-level trough moving south
    out of Canada will settle into the Upper Midwest on Tuesday. A cold
    front will extend southwestward from this feature with dewpoints
    into the low 60s ahead of it. This should produce sufficient
    instability for scattered storm development. Some damaging wind
    gusts may be possible with the strongest storms.

    ...Southeast...
    A cold front will move off the East Coast during the day on Tuesday.
    Most guidance shows the front offshore before sufficient instability
    develops for a severe storm threat along the Georgia, South
    Carolina, and North Carolina coasts. Therefore, have not added
    probabilities at this time. However, if the cold front slows or if
    greater instability develops than currently forecast, a Marginal
    Risk may be needed in later outlooks.

    ..Bentley.. 06/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 21 19:17:45 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 211917
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 211916

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0216 PM CDT Sun Jun 21 2026

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER THE CENTRAL
    HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms are expected across the central High Plains
    on Tuesday with isolated severe storms possible into the Upper
    Mississippi Valley. Large to very large hail and damaging wind gusts
    will be the primary threats.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper low initially over Saskatchewan/Manitoba will drift
    southeast to along the international border with an attending belt
    of 40-50+ kt mid-level flow forecast across the northern and central
    Plains into the upper Midwest. Farther east, a short-wave trough
    trailing an upper low over Ontario will move through the
    Mid-Atlantic. In the low levels, an area of low pressure is forecast
    to develop from the northern Plains into upper MS Valley with a
    trailing boundary extending southwest into the central High Plains.
    Elsewhere, a cold front will move off the Mid-Atlantic Coast with
    the trailing extension of the boundary moving into the Southeast.


    ...Central and southern High Plains...

    Despite the potential for early-day storms across portions of NE,
    TX, and OK, the EML is expected to remain intact over the central
    High Plains. When coupled with an increasingly moist upslope air
    mass in the vicinity of the front, moderate to strong instability is
    forecast by afternoon. Diurnally enhanced thunderstorms are expected
    to form along favored terrain and pre-existing surface boundaries
    amidst a kinematic environment featuring vertically veering winds
    with height with sufficient vertical shear to support supercells
    capable of large to very large hail. The nocturnal strengthening of
    a low-level jet over western parts of KS, OK, and TX may favor
    upscale growth of storms into a forward-propagating MCS Tuesday
    evening with an associated increase in severe-wind-gust potential.


    ...Upper Mississippi Valley into the mid Missouri Valley...

    Latest model data are in good agreement in depicting areas of
    showers and storms lingering through much of the day across the
    pre-frontal warm sector. Vertical shear is forecast to be
    sufficiently strong to support organized storm modes, especially
    across the upper MS Valley. However, the potential for clouds and
    precipitation to limit air mass destabilization leads to uncertainty
    in the extent of the severe-weather threat. As such, the low
    severe-weather probabilities will be maintained with this forecast
    update.


    ...Middle and southern Atlantic Coast into the central Gulf Coast
    States...

    A few strong storms capable of gusty winds appear possible Tuesday
    afternoon along and ahead of the synoptic front. While poor
    low/mid-level lapse rates are expected to limit a more robust
    damaging-wind threat, low severe-weather probabilities may
    eventually be added once details in storm evolution become more
    clear.

    ..Mead.. 06/21/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 22 07:30:50 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 220730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Mon Jun 22 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms are likely across the central High Plains on
    Wednesday with a threat for large to very large hail.

    ...Synopsis...
    Persistent moderate to strong mid-level west-northwesterly mid-level
    flow is forecast across the central High Plains on Wednesday. The
    surface pattern will be rather nebulous with a weak surface low in
    the Midwest and high pressure in its wake across the Plains.

    ...Central High Plains to the Ozarks...
    An ongoing MCS at the beginning of the period may have some severe
    risk through the morning hours across Oklahoma/southern Kansas and
    into the Ozarks. Expect this MCS to weaken by mid-day as the
    low-level jet weakens and it outruns the stronger mid-level flow.

    High pressure across the Plains will result in strengthening upslope
    flow across the central High Plains. Strong instability is forecast
    from northeast New Mexico to southeast Wyoming beneath the moderate
    to strong mid-level flow. This environment will support supercells
    capable of large to very large hail. For now have kept the threat
    mostly confined to the High Plains where the supercell threat is
    most likely. The low-level jet response across the Plains is not
    that strong Wednesday night and thus, upscale growth into an MCS is
    unclear. If a MCS becomes more likely, the Slight Risk would need to
    be expanded eastward in later outlooks.

    ..Bentley.. 06/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jun 22 19:31:23 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 221931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 221930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Mon Jun 22 2026

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered severe storms are possible across the central High
    Plains on Wednesday with a threat for large to very large hail. More
    isolated severe storms are possible across portions of the upper
    Midwest.

    ...Synopsis...

    A short-wave trough is forecast to move from the upper MS Valley
    into the upper Great Lakes ahead of a sheared vorticity maximum
    translating from the northern Rockies into the northern and central
    Plains. Those features will be associated with a belt of enhanced
    mid-level flow extending from the northern and central High Plains
    into the Great Lakes. At the surface, an area of low pressure is
    forecast to weaken over the upper Midwest, along a cold front
    advancing through that area. The western extension of that boundary
    will become increasingly less defined with southwestward extent into
    the central and southern Plains.


    ...Central and Southern High Plains to the lower Mississippi
    Valley...

    As was the case for the Day 2 (Tuesday and Tuesday night) forecast
    period, there is considerable spread in 12Z model guidance in the
    location of any ongoing MCS(s) at 12Z Wednesday. The location of
    those features will dictate the specific location of any more
    concentrated damaging-wind risk later Wednesday, especially from the
    Ozark Plateau into lower MS Valley. There is higher confidence in
    widely scattered afternoon storm development across the central and
    perhaps southern High Plains within a low-level, upslope regime. The combination of moderate instability and 35-50 kt of deep-layer shear
    will support supercells capable of large to very large hail as the
    primary hazard.

    There is some model signal that the afternoon High Plains storms
    will grow upscale into an MCS across lower elevations of the central
    Plains Wednesday night with an associated damaging-wind risk.
    Confidence in that scenario is currently too low to extend the 15%
    probability contour farther east at this time.


    ...Upper Midwest...

    Lingering clouds associated with early-day storms may limit air mass destabilization into afternoon. However, where cloud breaks can
    occur, the combination of cooling temperatures aloft and modest
    boundary-layer moisture content will support moderate afternoon
    instability. Widely scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop
    during the afternoon in the vicinity of the surface low and frontal
    boundary, and within the belt of stronger mid-level flow, suggesting
    some potential for large hail with the strongest updrafts.

    ..Mead.. 06/22/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 23 07:31:27 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 230731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Tue Jun 23 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL/NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS AND NORTHERN OKLAHOMA/SOUTHERN
    KANSAS INTO THE OZARKS....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe storms are possible across portions of
    the central/northern High Plains with a threat for large to very
    large hail and severe wind, and across portions of northern Oklahoma
    and southern Kansas into the Ozarks on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mostly zonal pattern is forecast across the CONUS on Thursday with
    multiple embedded shortwave troughs. The two features of interest
    will move from the northern Great Basin to Wyoming with the second
    shortwave trough moving from the Four Corners into the
    central/southern Plains. At the surface, a lee cyclone is expected
    to develop in the Texas Panhandle vicinity with a frontal zone
    extending eastward toward the Ozarks.

    ...Central/Northern High Plains...
    Moderate instability will develop across eastern Wyoming and
    northeast Colorado amid persistent upslope flow. As mid-level flow
    strengthens to 35 to 40 knots and mid-level forcing overspreads the
    Plains, expect supercells to develop across eastern Wyoming and
    northeast Colorado. These storms will have a threat for large to
    very large hail and severe wind gusts.

    ...Northern Oklahoma/southern Kansas into the Ozarks...
    A mid-level shortwave trough should result in sufficient upper-level
    support for storm development along the frontal zone. Moderate to
    strong instability is expected to overlap the same region with 40 to
    50 knots of mid-level flow and a moderate low-level jet. Some storm
    activity may be ongoing with this shortwave trough on Thursday
    morning. Therefore, the greatest storm threat should be on the
    south/southwest extent of this morning activity. The environment
    will support supercells capable of large hail, severe winds, and
    perhaps even some tornadoes. The extent of the tornado threat will
    depend on how strong the surface reflection associated with this
    feature may be. A solution such as the NAM has a much stronger
    surface low and low-level jet response, which would enhance the
    tornado threat along this frontal zone.

    ..Bentley.. 06/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jun 23 19:32:39 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 231932
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 231931

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 PM CDT Tue Jun 23 2026

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL/NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS AND NORTHERN OKLAHOMA/SOUTHERN KANSAS
    INTO THE OZARKS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe storms are possible across portions of
    the central/northern High Plains with a threat for large to very
    large hail and severe wind, and perhaps a tornado or two for
    portions of northern Oklahoma and southern Kansas into the Ozarks on
    Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Embedded waves within a predominately zonal flow pattern and broad
    westerly flow aloft will extend across the central Rockies into the central/southern Plains on D3/Thursday. At the surface, a low will
    deepen and shift eastward across western Texas into eastern Oklahoma
    with attendant frontal boundary extending eastward across northern
    Oklahoma into the Missouri and Ohio Valley.

    ...Northern Oklahoma/southern Kansas into the Ozarks...
    Thunderstorms are likely to be ongoing at the start of the period
    across portions of southern Kansas into northern Oklahoma as a
    shortwave trough rotates through the pattern. Afternoon thunderstorm development will focus along the residual outflow/frontal boundary.
    Guidance suggests that though residual cloud cover may remain behind
    the morning convection, strong heating/destabilization should occur
    near the two boundaries into the afternoon. Strong deep layer shear
    around 40-50 kts should support supercell modes with potential for
    large to very large hail and damaging wind. With the deepening of
    the surface low, a southwesterly low-level jet will increase to
    around 40-50 kts into the afternoon/evening, which will enlarge
    low-level hodographs and lead to increasing tornado potential. There
    remains some uncertainty in the exact axis and strength of the
    low-level jet at this time.

    ...Central/Northern High Plains...
    Scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop with the combination
    of easterly upslope flow and upper-level forcing for ascent across
    portions of eastern Wyoming/Colorado. Moderate instability and
    strong deep layer shear will support supercells capable of large to
    very large hail and damaging wind. Storms will eventually cluster
    and move eastward, with potential for a few instances of damaging
    wind into western NE/KS.

    ..Thornton.. 06/23/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 24 07:22:37 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 240722
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240721

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 AM CDT Wed Jun 24 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE HIGH PLAINS AND SOUTHERN KANSAS AND NORTHERN OKLAHOMA INTO
    THE OZARKS....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms capable of large hail and severe wind gusts
    will be possible across the High Plains and across southern Kansas
    and northern Oklahoma into southern Missouri and northern Arkansas
    on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong mid-level shortwave trough will move from the eastern
    Pacific into the Northwest CONUS on Friday with the trough
    continuing to deepen through the period. An elongated mid-level jet
    streak will stretch from the California coast to the northern Plains
    by 12Z Saturday. Surface low pressure will exist across the
    Inter-Mountain West as this trough amplifies and will eventually
    consolidate as a lee cyclone across the northern Plains by the end
    of the period.

    ...High Plains...
    Moderate to strong instability is forecast across the High Plains on
    Friday as a dryline develops along the lee trough. Ridging should
    limit overall convective coverage, but with 30 to 35 knots of
    mid-level flow, isolated supercells are possible with a threat for
    large hail and severe wind gusts.

    ...Southern Kansas and northern Oklahoma into the Ozarks...
    Strong instability is forecast along a frontal boundary that will
    exist from the OK/KS border into southern Missouri where dewpoints
    will be in the low to mid 70s. Upper-level forcing will be weak,
    with neutral to perhaps slightly rising heights. Therefore, the
    strong instability and forecast soundings showing an uncapped
    airmass near a frontal zone will support the potential for strong to
    severe storms Friday afternoon/evening. In addition, the low-level
    jet is forecast to strengthen Friday evening which may provide
    additional support for storm development, even if it doesn't occur
    during daytime heating.

    ..Bentley.. 06/24/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jun 24 19:30:09 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 241930
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 241929

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 PM CDT Wed Jun 24 2026

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE HIGH PLAINS...SOUTHERN KANSAS AND NORTHERN OKLAHOMA...THE
    OZARKS INTO THE OHIO VALLEY...AND PORTIONS OF THE NORTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms capable of large hail and severe wind gusts
    will be possible across the High Plains, southern Kansas and
    northern Oklahoma, and southern Missouri into northern
    Arkansas/western Kentucky on Friday. Additional severe storms
    capable of damaging wind will also be possible across portions of
    the Northeastern US.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strengthening mid-level trough will move inland across portions of
    the Pacific Northwest on D3/Friday, with enhanced mid-level flow
    spreading into the northern Rockies and northern Plains. Height
    rises will occur across the High/central High Plains. A shortwave
    trough will move across portions of the Northeast. A surface low
    will move northward into Quebec with a trailing cold front extending
    from the Northeastern US into the Ohio Valley and south and west
    into the Southern Plains to a surface low across the Oklahoma/Texas
    Panhandles. Lee cyclogenesis is expected across the northern Plains
    late in the period.

    ...High Plains...
    Height rises are expecting amid building mid-level ridging across
    the High Plains. As the trough deepens to the west across the
    Pacific Northwest, strong southwesterly mid-level flow will
    overspread the western portion of the ridge. Despite height rises, a
    few isolated supercells may develop across portions of eastern
    Montana into eastern Wyoming/Colorado, given moderate instability
    and deep layer shear around 30-40 kts progged by late afternoon.

    ...Southern Kansas and northern Oklahoma into the Ozarks and western
    Ohio Valley...
    Strong instability is forecast near the frontal boundary across
    northern Oklahoma into southern Kansas Friday afternoon. Forcing for
    ascent will remain somewhat weak, with some mid-level height rises
    expected. However, it appears that thunderstorm activity will
    develop along the front from southern Kansas into northern Oklahoma
    spreading eastward into the Ozarks and perhaps the Ohio Valley by
    late afternoon/evening. Guidance suggests that MLCIN will strengthen
    south of the front across central Oklahoma into Arkansas, which will
    likely limit convection to near and just south of the boundary.
    Along the front, deep layer shear around 30-40 kts will support
    organized storms and perhaps a few supercells capable of large hail
    and damaging wind. As the low-level jet increases through the afternoon/evening, thunderstorm coverage will likely increase with
    some increase in potential for a tornado.

    ...Northeast...
    As a surface low moves northward into Quebec Friday, a cold front
    will shift south and eastward across the Northeastern US. Strong
    upper-level westerly flow with thunderstorms developing along and
    ahead of the cold front by the afternoon. A pocket of moderate
    instability overlapping strong deep layer shear around 50 kts will
    support a few organized severe storms capable of damaging wind.

    ..Thornton.. 06/24/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 25 07:17:13 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 250717
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250715

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0215 AM CDT Thu Jun 25 2026

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are likely across portions of eastern Montana and
    western North Dakota on Saturday. More isolated strong to severe
    storms are possible from the Mid-Mississippi Valley to Virginia and
    the Carolinas.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Saturday, the leading edge of a larger mid-level shortwave trough
    will eject across the northern Plains. A surface lee cyclone will
    develop in this vicinity. Farther east, a weak surface low is
    forecast to move from the Ohio Valley to the East Coast, weakening
    through the period.

    ...Northern Plains...
    Low-level southerly flow will strengthen through the day Saturday
    within the warm sector of a lee cyclone across the Plains. This will
    lead to destabilization and moderate to strong instability by
    mid-afternoon Saturday. Storms will initially form across parts of
    central and eastern Montana, and will likely grow upscale into a MCS
    as it moves northeast through the evening.

    Additionally, there is some supercell threat east of this activity
    during the afternoon/evening. This is a more conditional threat, but
    the environment would support tornadoes and very large hail if more
    isolated storms form. For now, the 15% probabilities cover the most
    likely region for a severe wind threat from a MCS, with some area
    farther east included for the conditional supercell threat.

    ...Mid-Mississippi Valley to the Carolinas and Virginia...
    Moderate to strong instability is forecast along and south of a
    frontal zone from the Mid-Mississippi Valley to the Carolinas on
    Saturday afternoon. Forecast soundings show weak shear across this
    zone, but at least moderately steep mid-level lase rates and
    moderate instability may support some damaging winds Saturday afternoon/evening. Slightly greater damaging wind potential may
    exist across Virginia into North Carolina along an eastward
    advancing cold front where moderate to strong instability is
    forecast beneath a mid-level shortwave trough and associated
    slightly stronger flow.

    ..Bentley.. 06/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jun 25 19:28:15 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 251928
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 251926

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 PM CDT Thu Jun 25 2026

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS AND ACROSS PORTIONS OF THE MID-ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are likely across portions of eastern Montana and
    western North Dakota on Saturday. Severe storms will also be
    possible from the Mid-Mississippi Valley to Virginia and the
    Carolinas.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough across the western US will ejected across the
    northern Rockies, with strong mid-level flow overspreading the High
    Plains on D3/Saturday. In response, a surface low across eastern
    Montana will deepen with strengthening southerly flow into the High
    Plains. A secondary surface low will move eastward across the Ohio
    Valley into the Mid-Atlantic through the period.

    ...Northern Plains...
    As southerly flow increases with the deepening surface cyclone
    across eastern Montana, mid 60s dew points will surge northward into
    portions of the northern High Plains. Guidance suggests that a
    narrow corridor of moderate to strong instability will be in place
    ahead of the surface low across portions of eastern Montana into the western/central Dakotas. Additionally, a plume of steep low to
    mid-level lapse rates will push northward through morning/afternoon. Thunderstorm activity is expected first across the high terrain in
    eastern Montana/northern Wyoming. It is likely that as this moves
    into the lower elevations, it will cluster and grow upscale into one
    or more clusters/MCS moving north and east into the Dakotas through
    the afternoon/evening. These may be further supported by the
    increasing low-level jet into the evening, with potential to
    produce damaging wind (perhaps some significant 70+ mph). Higher
    probabilities may be warranted with additional information/higher
    confidence in corridors of damaging wind potential.

    ...Mid-Mississippi Valley to the Carolinas and Virginia...
    Widely scattered thunderstorm activity is expected to develop along
    a front extending from the Mid-Atlantic back into the southern Ohio
    Valley. Flow is expected to be generally weak with modest shear.
    Guidance suggests that moderate to strong buoyancy will develop
    across the region amid steep low to mid-level lapse rates. Despite
    weaker shear profiles, this may support a few organized clusters
    capable of damaging winds/wet downbursts.

    A more favorable corridor for wind will exist from North Carolina
    into Virginia. Here a shortwave trough will move eastward with a
    modest increase in mid-level flow and deep layer shear. This may
    support potential for a more organized line of thunderstorms to
    shift eastward to the coastline. Forecast soundings indicate steep
    low-level lapse rates will be in place across this region, further
    supporting potential for downward momentum transport. A Slight Risk
    was added across this area to cover this potential.

    ..Thornton.. 06/25/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 26 07:28:51 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 260728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Fri Jun 26 2026

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN NORTH
    DAKOTA INTO NORTHERN MINNESOTA AND NORTHWEST WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible from the northern Plains into
    parts of the Upper Midwest on Sunday. Large hail and severe winds
    are the primary hazards.

    ...Eastern North Dakota into Minnesota...
    Some convection is expected to be ongoing during the early morning
    in eastern North Dakota. Given the time of day, it is not clear how
    intense this activity will be, but some risk for damaging
    winds/large hail may exist. With time, a plume of rich surface
    moisture and steep mid-level lapse rates will lift northward as the
    upper ridge builds in the Midwest. The morning activity may be able
    to intensify as is moves into northern Minnesota/northern Wisconsin.
    While there remains some uncertainty in the exact evolution, the
    Slight Risk has been shifted eastward to account for this potential.

    ...Northern Plains...
    Convection is possible during the late evening as another shortwave
    pivots into the High Plains and a surface low deepens in the lee of
    the Rockies. The position of this shortwave is not certain. The
    ECMWF shows the surface low developing in the central High Plains
    while the NAM suggest this will occur farther north into
    Nebraska/South Dakota. In either case, steep mid-level lapse rates,
    strong deep-layer winds, and adequate buoyancy will support a risk
    of large hail and isolated severe gusts during late evening into
    parts of the overnight.

    ...Midwest into Tennessee Valley Vicinity...
    Models suggest potential for an MCV to move southeastward through
    the day. The position of this feature varies substantially between
    models, however, and it will depend on if/how much convection
    develops late Saturday night. Marginal severe probabilities may be
    needed if confidence on the location of the MCV increases.

    ..Wendt.. 06/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jun 26 19:17:26 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 261917
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 261916

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0216 PM CDT Fri Jun 26 2026

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    NORTH DAKOTA AND THE UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible from the northern Plains into
    parts of the Upper Midwest on Sunday. Large hail and severe winds
    are the primary hazards.

    ...Synopsis...

    The western U.S. upper trough will deepen and persist over that
    region on Sunday. Meanwhile, upper ridging will intensify over the
    Midwest into the South, while a shortwave upper trough moves from
    the Ohio Valley to the southern Mid-Atlantic region. At the surface,
    some uncertainty persists with regards to the location of lee
    surface low development in the central or northern Plains. The NAM
    appears to be an outlier compared to the ECMWF/GFS and the AI
    versions thereof. This will be important for where the best corridor
    of severe thunderstorm potential develops on Sunday
    afternoon/evening. Further east, a surface front will sag southward
    across the Upper OH Valley and portions of the Mid-Atlantic. Between
    these surface boundaries, a seasonally very moist airmass will exist
    across at least eastern portions of the Plains to the MS Valley and
    the southern Mid-Atlantic.

    ...Northern Plains/Upper Midwest vicinity...

    The forecast for Sunday is highly uncertain. Forecast guidance
    suggests a shortwave impulse and/or MCV will move across northern MN
    during the afternoon/evening. This area will be beneath the upper
    ridge axis and could be capped. However, a very moist airmass will
    be in place beneath steep midlevel lapse rates. Furthermore, a
    strong southerly low-level jet is expected to focus from the central
    Plains to the Upper MS Valley during the evening/nighttime hours. If
    storms can develop and become near-surface based, potential for
    damaging wind gusts and large hail will be possible. This scenario
    is generally supported by the RRFS and GSL MPAS, though
    location/timing varies.

    Forecast guidance develops additional areas of convection across
    portions of western NE/central SD into ND on the western periphery
    of stronger capping and near the surface trough/dryline within the
    gradient of stronger instability. This scenario is uncertain, both
    regarding storm development, and if storms occur, whether or not
    they will be surface-based. However, if storms do develop, an
    intense low-level jet within the strongly unstable airmass during
    the evening/overnight hours could support damaging wind potential.
    The Marginal risk (level 1 of 5) has been adjusted to reflect this
    conditional risk.

    ...Southern Mid-Atlantic...

    Forecast guidance suggests an MCV will move across the central
    Appalachians into parts of VA/NC on Sunday. Deep-layer flow is not
    expected to be particularly strong, but this feature could locally
    enhanced vertical shear, with some guidance showing effective shear
    magnitudes up to 25 kt are possible. A seasonally very moist airmass
    will reside east of the higher terrain across southeast VA into the
    eastern Carolinas, supporting moderate destabilization as strong
    daytime heating occurs. Thunderstorms will pose an isolated damaging
    wind risk into early evening.

    ..Leitman.. 06/26/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 27 07:32:03 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 270731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Sat Jun 27 2026

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    MID-MISSOURI VALLEY INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible from parts of the central/northern
    Plains into the Upper Midwest on Monday. Large hail and severe winds
    are the primary concerns.

    ...Central/northern Plains into the Upper Midwest...
    A shortwave trough is expected to eject into the Dakotas and the
    Upper Midwest. The timing and evolution of this feature varies in
    model guidance. The ECMWF suggests a later and a more
    eastward-moving wave ejection as compared to the earlier, meridional
    trajectory of the NAM/GFS. These differences lead to drastic
    differences in where convection will ultimately form. The farther
    north solutions show little in the way of convection as compared to
    the ECMWF. A very moist airmass will be in place along with steep
    mid-level lapse rates overspreading the area. The amplified ridge in
    the East will remain in place and will suppress thunderstorm
    potential away from the trough/cold front. Models all suggest
    extreme buoyancy (4500+ J/kg MLCAPE) will develop within the warm
    sector. Deep-layer shear will be strong enough for organized storms.
    Given the potential for intense storms, a broad Slight will be
    maintained with the caveat that convective development is somewhat conditional/uncertain.

    ..Wendt.. 06/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/127 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jun 27 19:18:37 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 271918
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 271917

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0217 PM CDT Sat Jun 27 2026

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible from parts of the central/northern
    Plains into the Upper Midwest on Monday. Large hail and severe winds
    are the primary concerns.

    ...Central/Northern Plains to Upper Midwest...

    The forecast for Monday remains uncertain with forecast guidance
    depicting a wide envelop for severe potential across portions of the
    Missouri Valley into the Upper Midwest.

    At the large scale, an upper ridge will persist from the central
    Gulf Coast northward to the Upper Great Lakes. Further west, a
    shortwave upper trough is forecast to eject from the central Rockies
    into Manitoba/western Ontario. This will bring a belt of enhanced
    mid/upper southwesterly flow across the northern Plains and Upper MS
    Valley. At the surface, low pressure or an MCV over the Dakotas will
    lift generally northeast while a trough/surface front extends
    southward across the eastern Dakotas. The evolution of these
    features is uncertain, with some guidance lifting the low and any
    accompany severe risk quickly northward into Canada early in the
    day. Other guidance is slower and further south, favoring a corridor
    of severe potential across the eastern Dakotas and MN during the
    day. While these details remain a question mark, a very moist
    airmass will be in place with strong to extreme instability
    forecast. Depending on mesoscale details, an all-hazards severe risk
    could develop - though damaging wind and large hail appear most
    likely at this time. Given uncertainty, outlook changes are modest
    with this update.

    ..Leitman.. 06/27/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/127 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 28 07:31:13 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 280731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Sun Jun 28 2026

    Valid 301200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE CENTRAL
    HIGH PLAINS INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms will be possible from parts of the central High
    Plains into the Upper Midwest on Tuesday.

    ...Upper Midwest...
    Though the primary shortwave trough will be lifting into Canada, a
    remnant cold front will be situated across parts of northern
    Wisconsin into Minnesota. Strong to extreme buoyancy will be present
    south of this boundary. A belt of moderate mid-level flow will
    promote 40-45 kt of effective shear within the warm sector.
    Mid-level ascent will generally be weak. Where convection can
    initiate on the mesoscale, damaging winds and large hail may occur.
    There is some potential that an MCS could develop given the
    substantial buoyancy, but it is not clear where the preferred
    corridor for that will be at this time.

    ...Northeast Colorado into southwest Nebraska...
    A modest shortwave trough will move into the central Rockies. A
    surface low is expected to develop in eastern Colorado. This will
    draw low-level moisture into parts of the High Plains. Given around
    40 kt of effective shear, supercells capable of large hail and
    severe gusts would be possible. Low-level shear will also be
    enhanced near the surface low and a tornado or two could also occur.

    ...Northeast...
    Given the upper-level pattern, strong convection could be occurring
    in Canada and move southeastward around the upper ridge. Depending
    on the timing/intensity of this potential activity, severe
    probabilities may be needed in future outlooks. Confidence remains
    low at this time, however.

    ..Wendt.. 06/28/2026

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/127 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jun 28 19:10:47 2026
    ACUS03 KWNS 281910
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 281909

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0209 PM CDT Sun Jun 28 2026

    Valid 301200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE CENTRAL
    HIGH PLAINS TO THE UPPER GREAT LAKES...AND ACROSS PARTS OF THE
    NORTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms will be possible from parts of the central High
    Plains into the Upper Midwest, and across parts of the Northeast on
    Tuesday.

    ...Mid-MO Valley to Upper Great Lakes...

    A compact upper low and attendant shortwave trough will be located
    over the Canadian Prairies into the Upper Midwest Tuesday morning.
    This system will progress east/northeast through the day. While
    large-scale ascent will increasing be focused north of the
    international border, stronger southwesterly deep-layer flow will
    persist for most of the day before weakening by evening. At the
    surface, a stalled surface front will be oriented from northeast MN
    into southeast SD/northern NE. Convection may be ongoing near this
    boundary somewhere in MN or perhaps northern WI/Michigan Upper
    Peninsula vicinity. A very moist airmass will be in place and strong
    to extreme instability is forecast through the day across portions
    of the region. If organized storms can develop, a risk for damaging
    winds and hail is possible - particularly if upscale development
    into a bowing segment occurs. Overall the forecast remains uncertain
    and any corridors of greater severe potential will be heavily
    influenced by remnant convection from the Day 2/Monday period and
    mesoscale impacts thereof.

    ...CO/KS/NE/SD...

    An upper shortwave impulse initially over the Great Basin early
    Tuesday will eject eastward across the central Rockies and into the
    adjacent High Plains during the evening/overnight hours. As this
    occurs, a lee surface low will develop. Increasing
    south/southeasterly low-level flow will transport modest boundary
    layer moisture north and west. Isolated storms may develop near the
    lee low and surface trough across eastern CO into western KS and
    northeastward across western NE into southern SD along the remnant
    cold front/effective warm front extending west to east near the
    NE/SD border. Damaging winds and hail are possible with this
    activity, though storm coverage and mesoscale details remain
    uncertain.

    ...Northeast...

    Most forecast guidance suggest storms will develop southeast across
    the region from Canada within a mid/upper-level northwesterly flow
    regime on the eastern periphery of an upper ridge. A very moist
    airmass will support a corridor of moderate to strong instability,
    though the north and eastward extent of stronger instability is
    uncertain. Forecast soundings indicated 25-35 kt effective shear
    magnitudes, and isolated supercells will be possible. If sufficient
    clustering or outflow consolidation occurs, a forward propagating
    band of storms also is possible. Damaging wind gusts will be the
    primary hazard, though isolated hail or even a tornado also will be
    possible depending on storm mode and evolution. If confidence
    increases in a corridor of greater severe potential higher
    probabilities may be needed in subsequent outlooks.

    ..Leitman.. 06/28/2026

    $$

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